chapter 4, section 4 the spread of new ideas eq: how did enlightenment ideas impact the earliest...
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Chapter 4, Section 4The Spread of New Ideas
EQ: How did Enlightenment ideas impact the earliest parts of our
government?
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Section Focus Question:
How did ideas about religion and government influence colonial life?
New ideas about religion and government strengthened democratic ideas among the colonist.
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Public Education• Puritans were responsible for first public schools in
the colonies; Massachusetts. – Paid with public and private monies– All Puritans should receive an education
• No public schools in the south– Members of Gentry hired private teachers to come to
their homes, much like the ancient Greeks.– Poor in the south received no education.
• The first American colleges were founded mainly to educate men to become ministers.
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Schools for minorities
• Dame schools were opened by women to teach girls and boys to read.
• Schools did not admit enslaved Africans.– Some Quaker and Anglican missionaries taught
slaves to read.
• After elementary school, some boys went to grammar school.
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How did education differ for girls and boys?
Boys received more education than girls and studied a wider variety of subjects.
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Roots of American Literature
• The first American literature was sermons and histories.
• America’s first published poet was Anne Bradstreet. Her poems described the joys and hardships of life in Puritan New England.
• Phyllis Wheatley was an enslaved African in Boston. Her first poem was published in the 1760s when she was about 14.
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Roots of American Literature (cont)
• Benjamin Franklin started writing the Pennsylvania Gazette when he was 17.
• His most popular work, Poor Richard’s Almanac, was published yearly from 1733 to 1753.
• He was also a scientist, businessman, and diplomat.
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How did Ben Franklin contribute to American literature?
He published a newspaper, an almanac, and a popular autobiography.
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The First Great Awakening
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What was it?
The First Great Awakening (there will be more) was a period of renewed religious ideals and fervor in the English Colonies.
• Characterized by heated sermons (fire and brimstone), often telling people to repent of their sins or go to hell.
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Preachers
• Jonathan Edwards
• George Whitefield
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Jonathan Edwards
• 1703-1758
• Interpreter of and apologist
for the Great Awakening
• Famous sermon: Sinners in
the Hands of an Angry God
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13
George Whitefield
• 1714 - 1770• In 1738 made 1st of
7 visits to the America• “Great Itinerant”• Member of Wesley’s Oxford
“Holy Club”• Popular as G. Washington• Huge crowds: 30,000
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Message
• Personal relationship with God
• Revival Meetings
• No clergy to channel prayers
• Emotional
• Mission to Native Americans
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Change in religions
• The First Great Awakening had a major impact on the face of colonial culture;
– Church of England and Puritan churches populations decline
– Baptists and Methodist populations grew
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AMERICAN RELIGION BECOMES MORE
DEMOCRATIC
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Baptists
• In America since 17th century
• Baptists (Separate Congregationalists) in
New England (Connecticut) expands to
Separate Baptists in N. Carolina
• From 6,000 – 20,000 in 3 years, foundation of
Southern Baptists
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How did the Great Awakening affect American society.
It reinforced democratic ideas by encouraging people to make their own decisions about religion and politics.
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The Enlightenment
• Starting in the late 1600s, a group of Enlightenment thinkers believed that all problems could be solved by reason.
• They look for “natural laws” that governed politics, society, and economics.
• There are two key players of the Enlightenment whose ideas influence colonial leaders:
• John Locke and Baron de Montesquieu
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John Locke • Came up with the idea of “Natural Rights”, meaning our rights as humans came from God, not from a King.
• Since they came from God, Man couldn’t take it away.
• Any single man must judge for himself whether circumstances warrant obedience or resistance to the commands of the civil magistrate; we are all qualified, entitled, and morally obliged to evaluate the conduct of our rulers.
- John Locke, Second Treatise of Government, 1689
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Montesquieu
Montesquieu - The Spirit of the Laws 1748
- favored separation of powers
- this would prevent any one group from gaining too much power.
- checks / balances
- became the basis of government in the United States.
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Enlightenment Thinkers’ Influence
• Locke and Montesquieu had a massive influence on several early framers of our government as a country: give me a few.
• Jefferson
• Washington
• Franklin
• Paine
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New Core Values
• The general trend was clear: individualism, freedom and change replaced community, authority, and tradition as core values in Europe and Colonial America.