chapter 4 section 4. loess court oracle bones mandate of heaven dynastic cycle confucianism ...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 4 Section 4
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Loess Court Oracle bones Mandate of Heaven Dynastic cycle Confucianism Daoism
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Long rivers Fertile soils Temperate
climates Isolated valleys Two rivers
Chang Jiang (Yangzi)
Huang He (Yellow River)
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Huang He more fertile
Loess-yellow dusty soil carried by river and winds
Chang Jiang more rainfall grew rice (south)
Huang He- cooler drier grew wheat and millet
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Isolation China could thrive Rivers for irrigation
fertile soil China covered with
mountains and hills Himalayan
Mountains Gobi Desert Protected from
invasion
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Huang He Valley 9000 years ago
grew crops Xia Dynasty first
No record of Shang Dynasty
considered the first
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1766 BC Strong monarchy Capital Anyang Court- gathering of
wealth nobles King appointed
governors Large army
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Mostly agricultural Called to fight or
work on government projects
Shang ruling elite had free time for leisure
Wealthy members collected expensive objects
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Beliefs Info from studying
ancient tombs Hundreds of
sacrificed prisoners Afterlife need
riches and servants Centered on
ancestor worship
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• Offer gifts to deceased ancestors
• Steam from food believed to nourish ancestors
• Oracle bones-inscribe bits of animal bones– Living person asks
question of ancestor– How bones cracked
was the answer
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Chinese writing Early text used
pictures Decorative bronze Built huge stable
structures Calendar based on
the moon Created world’s
first money
comcom
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Led China for several centuries
Peaceful period Mandate of heaven-
gods would support a just leader not allow corrupt to hold power
Reason the Zhou overthrew the Shang
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Dynastic Cycle- rise and fall of dynasties in China
Any Dynasty that lost power gods let be overthrown
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Iron backbone of economy
Catapult China’s first cavalry Farming techniques
Food surpluses Cities grew Canals, roads, chop
sticks, first money
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Clan leaders rose against the king
Warring states period Small states fought
for power Qin Dynasty-
brought end to the war and the Shang
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Question nature Peoples role in
society Creation of Chinese
Philosophy Confucianism Daoism
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Teachings of Konfuzi
Treat one another humanely
Respect others, practice manners
Honoring ancestors Society would
become stable and orderly
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Analects-Confucius thoughts
Reward ruler with respect and loyalty
Children must respect their parents
Educated people devote themselves to public service
Spread throughout Asia
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Yield to the laws of nature
Dao-the way, limitless force is part of all creation
All things in nature are connected
Achieve harmony in the universe
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Yin and yang represents balance
Perfect harmony Need each other Laozi-founder Played major role
in later dynasties Idea of balance a
key concept in China for centuries