chapter 4, section 4. greek religion religion affected every aspect of greek life temples dedicated...
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Classical Greek CultureChapter 4, Section 4
Greek ReligionReligion affected every aspect of Greek lifeTemples dedicated to gods and goddesses
were the major buildings in Greek cities12 chief gods and goddesses were thought to
life on Olympus- the highest mountain in Greece
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=swpN-h5tkPc
Greek ReligionZeus- chief god and father of the godsAthena- goddess and wisdom of craftsApollo- god of the sun and poetryArtemis- sister of Apollo who was goddess of
the moon and of the huntAres- god of warAphrodite- goddess of lovePoseidon- brother of Zeus and god of the seas
Greek ReligionFestivals were developed to honor the gods
and goddessesOlympic festivals- honor the godsOracle- sacred shrine where a god or goddess
was said to reveal the future thought a priest or priestess
Most famous oracle- Apollo at Delphi
Classical Greek Arts and Literature Classical Greek art was concerned with
expressing eternal idealsSubject matter of this art was the human
being, presented as an object of great beauty
Architecture and SculptureMost important form was the temple
dedicated to god or goddessStatues to deities Parthenon- the greatest example of the
classical Greek temple
DramaPlays were presented in outdoor theaters as
part of religious festivals First plays were tragedies Greek tragedies dealt with universal themes
still relevant todayComedies were used to criticize politicians
Greek PhilosophyPhilosophy- organized system of thoughtTerm comes from Greek roots that mean
“love of wisdom”
SophistsGroup of traveling teachings in ancient
Greece who rejected speculationImportant for individuals to improve
themselvesStressed the importance of rhetoric- art of
persuasive speaking
SocratesLeft no writingsTaught many pupilsSocratic method- use question-and-answer
format to lead pupils to see things for themselves by using own reasoning skills
PlatoSocrates studentGreatest philosopher of Western civilizationBelieved men and women should have the
same education and equal access to all positions
AristotleAnalyzing and classifying things based on
observation and investigationDefine entire categories of study such as
ethics, politics, poetry, and the sciences Wanted an effective form of government that
would rationally direct human affairs
SophistsArgued it was beyond the reach of the human
mind to understand the universeIndividuals should look into improving
themselvesNo absolute right or wrongInterested in ethics and moralitySuccess was more important than moral
truthOlder citizens accused the Sophists of
undermining traditional Greek values.
EpicureanismTaught that happiness was the goal of life,
and that human beings were free to follow their self-interest
Emotional rather that physical waysFreed themselves from public activity