Chapter 4 Opener: Woodhouse’s toad

4.1 A complex response to simple stimuli

4.2 A simple rule of thumb governs this beetle’s mating behavior

4.3 Pioneers in the study of animal behavior

4.4 Begging behavior by a gull chick

4.5 Effectiveness of different visual stimuli in triggering the begging behavior of herring gull chicks

4.6 Instinct theory

4.7 A code breaker

4.8 Bolas spider deception

4.9 Complex code breaking by a wasp (Part 1)

4.9 Complex code breaking by a wasp (Part 2)

4.10 The eyestalks of a fiddler crab point straight up

4.11 Noctuid moth ears

4.12 Neurons and their operation

4.13 Neural network of a moth

4.14 Properties of the ultrasound-detecting auditory receptors of a noctuid moth (Part 1)

4.14 Properties of the ultrasound-detecting auditory receptors of a noctuid moth (Part 2)

4.15 How moths might locate bats in space (Part 1)

4.15 How moths might locate bats in space (Part 2)

4.15 How moths might locate bats in space (Part 3)

4.16 Bat ultrasonic cries trigger evasive behavior in a number of insects

4.17 Is the A2 cell necessary for anti-interception behavior by moths? (Part 1)

4.17 Is the A2 cell necessary for anti-interception behavior by moths? (Part 2)

4.18 Avoidance of and attraction to different sound frequencies by crickets (Part 1)

4.18 Avoidance of and attraction to different sound frequencies by crickets (Part 2)

4.19 How to turn away from a bat—quickly

4.20 Escape behavior by a sea slug

4.21 Neural control of escape behavior in Tritonia

4.22 The central pattern generator of Tritonia in relation to the dorsal ramp interneurons

4.23 Song-producing apparatus of the male plainfin midshipman fish

4.24 Neural control of the sonic muscles in the plainfin midshipman fish

4.25 Tuning curves of a parasitoid fly

4.26 Tuning curves of a katydid killer

4.27 The star-nosed mole’s nose differs greatly from those of its relatives

4.28 A special tactile apparatus (Part 1)

4.28 A special tactile apparatus (Part 2)

4.29 The cortical sensory map of the star-nosed mole (Part 1)

4.29 The cortical sensory map of the star-nosed mole (Part 2)

4.30 Sensory analysis in four insectivores

4.31 Sensory analysis in humans and naked mole-rats

4.32 Ultraviolet-reflecting patterns have great biological significance for some species

4.33 A bird that can sense ultraviolet light

4.34 The ultraviolet reflectance of the throat patch affects mate choice in the bluethroat

4.35 Relevant movements activate neurons in different parts of the superior temporal sulcus

4.36 A special-purpose module in the human brain: the face recognition center

4.37 Specialization of function in different parts of the visual cortex of humans

4.38 A cerebral word analysis center

4.39 The hippocampus is essential for navigation by humans (Part 1)

4.39 The hippocampus is essential for navigation by humans (Part 2)

4.39 The hippocampus is essential for navigation by humans (Part 3)

4.40 The ability to navigate unfamiliar terrain requires a compass sense and map sense (Part 1)

4.40 The ability to navigate unfamiliar terrain requires a compass sense and map sense (Part 2)

4.41 Clock shifting and altered navigation in homing pigeons

4.42 The fall migration route of monarch butterflies takes some butterflies from Canada to Mexico

4.43 Manipulation of the biological clock changes the orientation of migrating monarchs

4.44 Polarized light affects the orientation of monarch butterflies

4.45 Migratory routes taken by five green sea turtles that nested on Ascension Island

4.46 Experimental manipulation of the magnetic field affects the orientation of green sea turtles