chapter 4. mountains, sea, and desert provide some protection and isolation vulnerable to...
TRANSCRIPT
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Ancient ChinaChapter 4
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Geographical Influences
Mountains, sea, and desert provide some protection and isolation
Vulnerable to northwest River valleys
Yellow (Huang He) - earliest civilization - damaging floods
Yangtze - very important in unification- transportation- irrigation
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Outside China during Shang period (1750BC – 1000BC)
Hammurabi’s code Mycenaean Civilization In Greece Vedic period in India Stonehenge in England Moses led Israelites out of Egypt Mayans processed rubber King Tut Homer’s Troy fell Ramses II of Egypt
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Earliest Civilizations - most isolated
Earliest group – (Neolithic) Ban Po- similar to other parts of the world/ one of the oldest civilizations
Shang Dynasty 1750-1000 BC (FIRST DYNASTY) in N. China along the Huang He - raised silk worms - silk part fascination of China, famous for bronze sculpture, daggers, jade jewelry paid homage to ancestors- family important
Zhou Dynasty 1000-256 BC – longest dynasty – developed foundations for Chinese society
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Dynastic Cycle & Mandate of Heaven
Mandate of Heaven Divine (heavenly)
approval giving the right to rule to the emperor
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Zhou Dynasty
Wu Wang – first king of Zhou, gave land grants to lords, relatives, & general
Farming was profitable Blast furnace used to create iron Education spread from upper classes
to others Book of Songs – 305 poems 707-480 BC – lords became too
powerful Civil War followed, ending the Zhou
Dynasty
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Qin Dynasty
Qin Shin Huangdi – founded dynasty 221BC authoritarian ruler:▪ ordered nobles to capital▪ everyone paid high taxes▪ strict laws & harsh punishments▪ burned books
created unity with coins, weights & measures, and roads & canals
Ordered sections of wall to be joined to form a “Great Wall”
Son overthrown – end of dynasty
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Great Wall of China
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Han Dynasty Liu Bang – founded dynasty 202BCWudi – greatest leader
built Silk Road for trade with the West established school for civil servants – need for
civil service examination rather than favoritism
improved silk factories; invented paper, stirrups, wheelbarrow; plow with moveable parts
expanded territory from Korea to Vietnam AD220 – warlords attacked & overthrew
emperor
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Ancient Philosophies
religions in Ancient China Confucianism – 5 Relationships Daoism – Yin & Yang, balance Buddhism (from India)
showed concerned with ethical life on earth
Filial Piety – obedience and respect for one’s parents
Legalism – strong law and harsh punishment to maintain order, created by Xunzi
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Confucianism Moral and ethical code highly developed to
treat everyone with consideration Value on family head- ancestor respect Valued loyalty, righteousness, wisdom,
sincerity Five Relationships: one is an example to
the other, inferior learns from superior Ruler - subjects Father – son Husband – wife Older Brother – younger brother Friend – friend (members of a community)
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5 Relationships of Confucius
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Daoism (Taoism) and the Laosi
contemporary of ConfuciusDao/Tao = the way the Dao is absolute = sum of
existence goal: to bring people into harmony very introspective not as influential as Confucius,
but still popular
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Religion in China
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Life and Culture
Sons more important than daughters Ban Zhao – wrote guide for young women,
Admonitions for Girls agrarian economy – based on farming excellent scholars and mathematicians
calculated when eclipse would occur books written on Algebra & Geometry pi (p) calculated to 6 decimal places (3.141592)
physicians needed to pass an examination to practice – patients treated with acupuncture
education and literacy was mostly for upper class – most important during Zhou dynasty
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Chinese Cooking Vessel
Terra Cotta Army: First Emperor’s Tomb
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Tomb Rubbing