Chapter 4

Measurement, Assessment, & Program Evaluation

Assessment in APE?

• Why do we assess?• What do you think is most important to assess?

Standardized Approaches Usually “store bought” tests Usually known validity and reliability Generally strong test-wise but weaker

authentically Mainly two approaches:

Norm referenced testsCriterion referenced tests

Norm-Referenced Assessment “Norms” are developed by testing large

numbers of individuals Comparisons are made against other

studentsExample: President’s Council of Physical Fitness

Test (>85th percentile = presidential, >50th percentile = national)

Example: “Above average” and “below average”

1. TGMD-2

• Purpose: to test fundamental gross motor content frequently taught in preschool and elementary school.

• Description: 12 patterns are tested• Locomotor subset: run, gallop, hop, leap, horizontal jump, and

slide.• Object Control: striking a stationary ball, stationary dribble, catch,

kick, underhand roll, and overhand throw.

• Scoring is performance criteria listed with each pattern.• The criterion scores can be compared to norm-referenced

standards (aka “best of both worlds”)• High reliability and validity

1. TGMD-2

• If you are looking for a thorough and respected test, this is the one.• View example

Criterion-Reference Standards Comparisons are made to predetermined

“mastery” scores, not other individuals Example: Fitnessgram

Student scores fall into one of two classifications: healthy fitness zone or needs improvement.

See next two slides

2. Brockport Physical Fitness Test

• Purpose: to assess the health-related fitness of youngsters (aged 10–17) with certain disabilities.

• Description: typically 4 to 6 test items are selected from 27 possibilities based on a “personalized” approach.

• Scoring: test scores are compared to criterion-referenced standards based on gender, age, and in some cases disability.

• Comment: closely related to FITNESSGRAM and supported by computer software.

• Cheat sheet

Brockport VideoTake notes where you deem

appropriate.

3. Observation

• Usually teacher constructed and based upon observation• This is the most common method used in the schools

today• Why: cost effective and less time consuming• Brockport: $180 (manual, CD, video)($32 just manual)• TGMD2: $191 (kit)

• Has day-to-day applicability• Strong authentically but weak psychometrically (premium

on subjective evaluation)• Other methods: rubrics, task analyses, and portfolios

Observation:RubricsRUBRICS: Includes scoring criteria and level of

achievement. These progressions can be used to assess any locomotor and object-control skills.

Types of rubrics: • 1. Analytic rubric: Breaks down a skill to meet the needs

of someone working on mastering a skill. • 2. Individual rubric: This rubric is used to meet the

individual need of a child. This can be used to address someone with a disability whose needs must be met in a small class setting. This is an excellent procedure to use to meet a child’s IEP goals/objectives.

Observation:Motor Development Checklist

• This is a progressive checklist for locomotor and object-control skills. Each skill is broken down from simplest to most difficult. As the student performs the assigned task, teacher will check off when a student is able to successfully complete a task.

4. Many Other Tests

There are tests designed for nearly every disability normally relating to psychomotor or cognitive performance.

5. No measurement or assessment

Teacher fails measure student learning and as a result, has no evidence besides anecdotal observations that a student is improving.“Hope” methodCycle of instruction is broken Real missed opportunity for a population that

needs PE more than anyone.

Program Evaluation

• Increasingly important to demonstrate that instructional program is good, not merely claim it is good.

• Requires that program pre-intervention assessments, goals, strategies, and mastery assessments be articulated.

Observation Practice

Graduating PeterHBO seriesComplete observation form, afterwards write

skills/observations on board under each category.