chapter 4- maintaining

7/31/2019 Chapter 4- Maintaining

1/24

MUZAFFAR SYAH SCIENCE SECONDARY

SCHOOL AYER KEROH, MELAKA.

Chapter 4 Interdependence Among LivingOrganisms And The Environment.

4.6 Maintaining The Balance Of Nature.

Group Members :-

Mardiha Binti Kamaruddin.

Nurul Nadia Binti Ismail.

Nur Emira Binti Ahmad Samsuri.

Nurul Iman Faeza Binti Sulaiman.


2/24

MAINTAINING THEBALANCE OF NATURE.


3/24

1) Human beings have a very close relationship with theecosystem.

2) Human beings are a part of the ecosystem that depend onliving and non-living things for survival.

3) Human beings interact with the ecosystem to obtain needs

and to lead comfortable lives.

4) Human beings obtain their needs in many ways. At the sametime, they also disturb the balance of nature.


4/24

5) Human activities bring about an imbalance and decline in theecosystem. Human activities that destroy the balance of natureare:

a) Forest/logging e) agriculture

b) Industry f) construction

c) Housing g) mining

d) Fishing h) illegal hunting

6) The large scale exploration of forests for agriculture, industry,settlement and infrastructure construction has resulted in the lossof wide forests tracts.

7) Improperly planned conversion of forest areas have resulted inthe destruction of habitats.

8) Loss of natural habitats has threatened plants and animals withextinction.


5/24

9) Humanbeings need a stable and productive ecosystem to

ensure their survival.

1) All our needs can only be obtained continuously, and over

long period of time, if the ecosystem is stable and productive.

2) Before starting on a project, we should carefully plan theproject with full responsibility, so as to avoid adversely

disturbing any member of the ecosystem, including ourselves.


6/24

HUMANS ACTIVITIES AND

ADVERSE EFFECTS ON THEECOSYSTEM OR

ENVIRONMENT.


7/24

1) Logging/mining/construction Soil erosion.

Sedimentation in rivers which causes floods. Destroys the habitats of many plant and animal species

causing extinction.

Disturbs the oxygen and carbon cycles.


8/24

2) Industry Water pollution as a result of dumping of chemical wastes

into river; this kills aquatic organisms. Air pollution as a result of releasing smoke, haze and acidic

gases into the atmosphere.


9/24

3) Agriculture The excessive use of pesticides and fertilisers pollutes the

environment.


10/24

4) Rubbish disposal Pollutes the environment.


11/24

5) Oil spills Pollutes the sea and the coastal areas.


12/24

6) Hunting of animals The extinction of animals.


13/24

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

Humans activities cause pollution and have raised the following

environmental issues:

1) the greenhouse effect

2) the thinning (depletion) of ozone layer3) acid rain


14/24

1) The greenhouse effect The greenhouse effect occurs because a layer of carbon dioxide in the

atmosphere prevents a portion of the heat from escaping to outer space.

The greenhouse effect raises the Earths temperature. This is known as

global warming. This phenomenon causes changes in the weather and

climate all over the world.

Climatic change as a result of global warming causes the melting of

icebergs in both poles. The sea level increases and this results in the

flooding of low-lying coastal areas.


15/24


16/24

2) The thinning of the ozone layer The ozone layer absorbs ultraviolet rays and prevents them

from reaching the Earth.

Chemicals such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are used in

the manufacture of aerosol sprays, refrigerators and air

conditioners. These chemicals are pollutants that break downozone molecules in the ozone layer.

As a result, the ozone layer has thinned. Ultraviolet rays that

reach the Earth have adversely affected human health bycausing skin cancer, cataracts an the immune system to

function improperly.


17/24


18/24

3) Acid rain Gases such as sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide dissolve

in rainwater to form acid rain.

Acid rain can:

a) destroy the habitats of living things.

b) lower the soil pH value and make it unsuitable for plants.

River water that is polluted by acid rain is no longer

suitable for aquatic organisms.


19/24


20/24

CONTROLLING

ENVIRONMENTAL

POLLUTION.


21/24

1) Managing environmental pollution can save our Earth.

2) The following are steps we can take to reduce environmental

pollution:

a) use unleaded petrol.

a) make nuclear testing illegal.

a) create special places to burn rubbish.

a) tighten laws regarding the disposal of toxic waste fromfactories.

a) fix catalytic converters on the exhaust pipes of vehicles toreduce the emission of harmful gases.


22/24

f) stop the use of chlorofluorocarbons (cfcs) by replacing it

with hydrochlorofluorocarbons (hcfs).

a) fix equipment to clean the air by dissolving them into the

atmosphere.

f) create special places for the disposal of toxic chemical wastefrom factories.

3) an ecosystem that is stable and productive supplies all our

needs. therefore, we should be responsible to ensure that

nature always remains in equilibrium.


23/24

~ SAVE OUR EARTH!!! ~


24/24

~ THE END ~

-THANK YOU-

chapter 4- maintaining

Documents