chapter 4 hw set (09-10)
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CHAPTER 4 Aqueous Solutions(2012-13)_____ /__________________________________________
HR / Nae !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
Aqueous Solutions:Strong and Weak Electrolytes
1"#$ite a %alan&e' equation i& sos
o ea& o* te *olloin+ salts %$ea, aa$ten la&e' in ate$
a" Na.$
%" +Cl2
&" Al(N3)3
'" (NH4)2S4
e" NaH
*" eS4
+" n4
" HCl4
i" NH4C2H32
2" Cal&iu &lo$i'e is a st$on+ ele&t$oltean' it is use' to salt5 st$eets in te inte$
to elt i&e an' sno" #$ite a $ea&tion toso o tis su%stan&e %$ea,s aa$ten it 'issol6es in ate$"
3" Coe$&ial &ol' a&,s an' ot a&,s a$ea6aila%le *o$ t$eatin+ atleti& in7u$ies" .ottes &ontain a ou& o* ate$ an' a '$&ei&al" #en te a&, is st$u&,8 teou& o* ate$ %$ea,s8 'issol6in+ te&ei&al8 an' te solution %e&oes eite$ot o$ &ol'" an ot a&,s usea+nesiu sul*ate8 an' an &ol' a&,suse aoniu nit$ate"
#$ite $ea&tions to so o tese st$on+
ele&t$oltes %$ea, aa$t en te 'issol6ein ate$"
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Solution Concentration: Molarity (M)
4"Cal&ulate te ola$it o* ea& o* tesesolutions
a" A 9":23 + sale o* NaHC3is 'issol6e'in enou+ ate$ to a,e 290"0 ; o*solution"
#$ite te %alan&e' equation tat 'es&$i%estis $o&ess"
#at is te nae o* NaHC3__________________
%" A 1
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'" 1"00 + o* 3P4in 290"0 ; o* solution"
="#at ass o* NaH is &ontaine' in 290"0
; o* a 0"400 o* a so'iu '$oBi'esolution
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11" A solution is $ea$e' % 'issol6in+ 10"< + aoniu sul*ate in enou+ ate$ toa,e 100"0 ; o* sto&, solution" A 10"00 ; sale o* tis sto&, solution is a''e' to90"00 ; o* ate$" Cal&ulate te &on&ent$ation o* aoniu ions an' sul*ate ions in tenal solution"
12" A stan'a$' solution is $ea$e' *o$ te analsis o* FuoBeste$one (C20H2@3)" Anana%oli& ste$oi'" A sto&, solution is $st $ea$e' % 'issol6in+ 10"0 + o*FuoBeste$one in enou+ ate$ to +i6e a total 6olue o* 900"0 ;" A 100"0 ; aliquot
(o$tion) o* tis solution is 'ilute' to a nal 6olue o* 100"0 ;" Cal&ulate te&on&ent$ation o* te nal solution in te$s o* ola$it"
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13" A sto&, solution &ontainin+ n2> ions as $ea$e' % 'issol6in+ 1"9
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Precipitation Reactions14" n te %asis o* te +ene$al $uleso* solu%ilit8 $e'i&t i& o* te*olloin+ su%stan&es a$e li,el to %esolu%le in ate$"
a" aluinu nit$ate Solu%le Gnsolu%le
%" a+nesiu &lo$i'e Solu%le Gnsolu%le
&" $u%i'iu sul*ate Solu%le Gnsolu%le
'" ni&,el () '$oBi'e Solu%le Gnsolu%le
e" lea' () sul'e Solu%le Gnsolu%le
*" a+nesiu '$oBi'e Solu%le G
nsolu%le+" i$on () osate Solu%le G
nsolu%le
" in& &lo$i'e Solu%le Gnsolu%le
i" lea' () nit$ate Solu%le Gnsolu%le
7" lea' () sul*ate Solu%le Gnsolu%le
," so'iu io'i'e Solu%le Gnsolu%le
l" &o%alt () sul'e Solu%le Gnsolu%le
" &$oiu () '$oBi'e Solu%le Gnsolu%le
n" a+nesiu &a$%onate Solu%le Gnsolu%le
o" aoniu &a$%onate Solu%le Gnsolu%le
19" #en te *olloin+ solutionsa$eiBe' to+ete$8 $e'i&t te $o'u&ts8 an'
i'enti* an $e&iitate tat *o$s usin+te s%ol () *o$ $e&iitate"
a" $on () sul*ate $ea&te' it otassiu&lo$i'e"
%" Aluinu nit$ate $ea&te' it %a$iu'$oBi'e"
&" Cal&iu Clo$i'e it so'iu sul*ate"
'" Potassiu sul'e it ni&,el ()nit$ate"
1:" o$ te sae set o* equations8$ite te %alan&e equation8 an' te netioni& equation" * no $e&iitate *o$s8ten $ite no $ea&tion5"a"
___eS4 (aq)> ___ Cl(aq) __ _______ > __ _______
%"
___CaCl2 (aq)> ___Na2S4 (aq) __ _______ > ________
&"
___H+2(N3)2 (aq)> ___CuS4 (aq)__ ______ > ________
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___2C3 (aq)> ___+2 (aq) __ ______ > __ ______
1=" #$ite net ioni& equations *o$ te$ea&tion8 i* an8 tat o&&u$s enaqueous solutions o* te *olloin+ a$eiBe'"
a" aoniu sul*ate an' %a$iu nit$ate
%" lea' () nit$ate an' so'iu &lo$i'e
&" so'iu osate an' otassiu
nit$ate
'" so'iu %$oi'e an' $u%i'iu &lo$i'e
e" &oe$ () &lo$i'e an' so'iu'$oBi'e
*" &$oiu () &lo$i'e an' so'iu'$oBi'e
+" sil6e$ nit$ate an' aoniu&a$%onate
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20" #at ass o* soli' aluinu'$oBi'e &an %e $o'u&e' en 90"0; o* 0"200 Al(N3)3is a''e' to 200"0; o* 0"100 H
Acid -Base Reactions
21" #$ite te %alan&e' *o$ula an' te net ioni& equations *o$ ea& o* te *olloin+a&i'-%ase $ea&tions"
a" ____ HCl(aq) > ____ +(H)2 (s) ____ ___________ > ____ ____________
%" ____ HCN(aq) > ____ NaH(aq) ____ ___________ > ____ ____________
&" ____ HCl(aq) > ____ NaH(aq) ____ ___________ > ____ ____________
'" ____ HN3 (aq) > ____ Al(H)3 (s) ____ ___________ > ____ ____________
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e" ____ Ca(H)2 (aq) > ____ HCl(aq) ____ ___________ > ____ ____________
22" #$ite te %alan&e' equation an' te net ioni& equation *o$ te $ea&tions tat o&&u$en te *olloin+ a$e iBe'"
a" otassiu '$oBi'e (aqueous) an' nit$i& a&i'
%" %a$iu '$oBi'e (aqueous) an' '$o&lo$i& a&i'
&" e$&lo$i& a&i' an' soli' i$on () '$oBi'e
'" soli' sil6e$ '$oBi'e an' '$o%$oi& a&i'
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e" aqueous st$ontiu '$oBi'e an' '$oio'i& a&i'
23" H'$o&lo$i& a&i' (=9"0 ; an' 0"290 ) is a''e' to 229"0 ; o* 0"0990 .a(H)2solution" #at is te &on&ent$ation o* te eB&ess H>an' H-ions le*t in tissolution"
24" A 29"0 ; sale o* '$o&lo$i& a&i' solution $equi$es 24"1: ; o* 0"10: so'iu '$oBi'e *o$ &olete neut$aliation" #at is te &on&ent$ation o* teo$i+inal '$o&lo$i& a&i' solution
29" #at 6olue o* 0"0200 &al&iu '$oBi'e is $equi$e' to neut$alie 39"00 ; o*0"900 nit$i& a&i'
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2:" Te &on&ent$ation o* a &e$tain so'iu '$oBi'e solution as 'ete$ine' % usin+te solution to tit$ate a sale o* otassiu '$o+en talate8 HP (see question2=)" n te tit$ation8 34":= ; o* te so'iu '$oBi'e solution as $equi$e' to $ea&tit 0"10 2()? 0
&" Na4e(H): Na___ e___ ___H ___
&e&,I
4( )Na> ( )e> :( )> :()H? 0
'" (NH4)2HP4 N ___ H___ P___ ___
2( )N> @( )H> ( )P> 4()? 0
e" N2- N______
&e&,I ( )N> 2()? -1
*" N3- N______
&e&,I ( )N> 3()? -1
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+" J22> J______
&e&,I ( )J> 2()? >2
" C$23 C$___
___
&e&,I 2( )C$>3( )? ____
2 NH3 (+)NH4Cl(s)
s tis a $e'oB $ea&tionK G N
$e'u&in+ a+entI ____ oBi'iin+a+entI _____
&" SiCl4(l)> 2 H2(l)4 HCl(aq)> Si2 (s)
s tis a $e'oB $ea&tionK G N
$e'u&in+ a+entI ____ oBi'iin+a+entI _____
'" SiCl4(l)> 2 +(s)2 +Cl2 (aq)> Si(s)
s tis a $e'oB $ea&tionK G N
$e'u&in+ a+entI ____ oBi'iin+a+entI _____
e" Al(H)4-(aq) Al2-(aq)> 2 H2(l)
s tis a $e'oB $ea&tionK G N
$e'u&in+ a+entI ____ oBi'iin+a+entI _____
2@" Classi* ea& o* te *olloin+ &al'-
reactionsas oBi'ation o$ $e'u&tion8ten %alan&e"
G R a) Ni2>(aq)Ni23 (s)(basic)
G R %) n2>(aq)n2 (s)(acidic)
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G R &) n2>(aq)n4-(aq)(acidic)
G R ') C$42-(aq)C$3>(aq)(acidic)
30" Classi* ea& o* te *olloin+ al*-$ea&tions as oBi'ation o$ $e'u&tion" Hoan ele&t$ons a$e eB&an+e' in ea&$e'oB $o&ess
G R 2 (+)2-(aq)
________e-
G R n4-(aq)n2-(s)________e-
G R C$2=2-(aq)C$3>(aq)________e-
G R Cl-(aq)Cl2 (+)________e-
G R Ti2 (s)Ti3>(aq)________e-
G R Ln2>(aq)Ln(s)________e-
G R NH4>(aq)N2 (+)________e-
G R CH3H(aq)CH2(aq)________e-
31" .alan&e te *olloin+ oBi'ation-$e'u&tion $ea&tions tat o&&u$ in a&i'i& solution"
a" Ln(s)> HCl(aq)Ln2>(aq)> H2 (+)> Cl-(aq)
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%" As23 (s)> N3-(aq)H3As4 (aq)> N(+)
&" .$-(aq)>n4-(aq).$2 (l)> n2>(aq)
'" CH3H (aq)>C$2=2-(aq)CH2(aq)>C$3>(aq)
32" .alan&e te *olloin+ oBi'ation-$e'u&tion $ea&tions tat o&&u$ in %asi& solution"
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a" Cu(s)> N3-(aq)Cu2>(aq)> N(+)
%" C$2=2-(aq)>Cl-(aq)C$3>(aq)>Cl2 (aq)
&" P%(s)> P%2 (s)H2S4 (aq)> P%S4 (s)
'" n2>(aq)> Na.i3 (s).i3>(aq)> n4-(aq)
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33" A solution of potassium permanganate is mixed with an acidicsolution of iron (II) sulfate.
34" A solution containing tin(II) ions is added to acidified potassiumdichromate solution--there is a color change during this reaction;
which atom is most likely responsible? explain
1=
oxidizers
remember! oxidi"ers will become reduced#
$n%&
-(in acid) ' $n
$n%&
-(in neutral or basic) ' $n%
$n% (in acid) ' $n
*r%+
-(in acid) ' *r
,
%, (conc.) ' %
%, (dilute) ' %
/%& (hot! concentrated) ' /%[if not hot and conc., this acts like HCl or other normal acids]
metal cations ' lower charge cations or (rarefree metals
free halogens ' halide ions
reducers
remember! reducers will become oxidi"ed#
halide ions ' free halogens
free metals ' metal cations
/%,
-(or /%) ' /%&
-
%
-' %,
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free halogens (dil. basic) ' hypohalite ions l
0%-#
free halogens (conc. basic) ' halate ions
like 0%,
-#
metal cations ' higher charge cations
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39" 1owdered iron is added to a solution of iron(III) sulfate --which species are spectators?
3:" /olutions of tin(II) chloride and iron(III) chloride are mixed--both the reactant and product mixtures arecolored; which ions account for the colors?
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2hat if you $3/4 balance a non-tri5ial reaction? %f course you already know a method! tedious as it is. %ld-timers often de5elop
shortcuts for dealing with the essentials of the redox process and then do the rest by inspection. ere is an example of a hybrid method
based on oxidation number changes.
6a solution of potassium permanganate is mixed with an acidic solution of iron(II) sulfate7
--the potassium is 8unk; nothing e5er happens to potassium ions --iron(II) is probably a goner--permanganate is a common strongoxidi"er
9irst guess: $n%&
-
9e
' $n
9e
, %
--$n goes from + to ! 9e goes from to ,--9i5e 9e ions must be oxidi"ed for each $n that is reduced:
$n%&
-
9e
'$n
9e
,%
--now balance the oxygens and hydrogens by inspection
$n%&
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