CHAPTER 4: THE VARIETY OF RESOURCES OF THE EARTH

Level 1

Objective Questions

1. Diagram 1 shows a concept map.

Diagram 1 What is M?A Water C SoilB Air D Metal

2. Which resource and the are incorrectly matched?

3. Study the following list of metals and non-metal. Carbon Gold Mercury Sulphur

Which of the following are paired correctly?

Metal Non-metalA Carbon Mercury Sulphur GoldB Sulphur Mercury Gold CarbonC Carbon Sulphur Mercury GoldD Gold Mercury Carbon Sulphur

Resource Use A Food To provide nutrients to the

human bodyB Living things To provide food to manC Fossil fuels For making cloth and

furnitureD Minerals For making buildings and

vehicles

A mixture of different gases

M No colourNo smell

4. Which of the following plays an important role in providing fuels to humankind?I

II

III

A I and II onlyB I and III onlyC II and III onlyD I, II and III only

5. Diagram 2 shows the atoms arrangement of a substance.

Diagram 2The substance shown isA an atomB an elementC a compoundD a mixture

6. Which of the following is not an example of a mixture?A Soil C SaltB Concrete D Air

7. Diagram 3 shows a method used to separate a mixture.

Diagram 3The mixture is probablyA cooking oil and waterB milk and coffeeC salt and waterD tea and sand

8. Which of the following may occur if the Earth’s resources are not conserved by humankind?I Air and water pollution.II Soil erosionIII Depletion of the ozone layerA I and II onlyB I and III onlyC II and III onlyD I, II and III

9. Which of the following is correctly paired?

Element UseA Carbon Dry batteryB Nitrogen Palm oilC Aluminium KnifeD Calcium Paper

10. Recycleable items includeI glassII woodIII plasticA II onlyB I and III onlyC II and III onlyD I, II and III

Diagram 1

Level 2

1. Old news paper is collected and sends to paper factories. This is an example of good management of resources through

A repair C recyclingB reuse D replace

2 Diagram 1 shows the classification of matter.

Which of the following represent S, T and U?

S T UA Tin Petroleum IronB Water Iron CarbonC Petroleum Oxygen WaterD Oxygen Sulphur Carbon

3 Which of the following pairs is correct?

A Gold Sulphur

B Silver Carbon

C Carbon Gold

D Sulphur Carbon

4 Diagram 2 shows several apparatus to separate a mixture of three substances, sand, iron powder and common salt.

Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps to separate the mixture?

1 2 3 4A P Q R SB S R Q PC S Q R PD S R P Q

5. Which of the following are examples of substances that cannot be broken down physically or chemically

I Sulphur.II CopperIII Copper (II) sulphate

A I and II onlyB I and III onlyC II and III onlyD I, II and III

6 Which of the following is true about gold and mercury at room temperature?

A In a liquid stateB MalleableC DuctileD Act as conductors of electricit

7. Which group consists of element?

A Salt, water, mercuryB Carbon dioxide, water, soilC Phosphorus, oxygen, copperD Ammonia, seawater, petroleum

8. Below are the physical characteristics of an element.

Shiny Malleable Good conductor of

electricity

A iron C sulphurB chlorine D hydrogen

9. When iron fillings are heated with sulfur, a black solid is obtained. The black solid

I have the properties of ironII is a compoundIII is iron sulphide

A I and II onlyB I and III onlyC II and III onlyD I, II, III

10 A certain solid has a shiny surface and conducts electricity. It must be a

A metal C compoundB non-metal D fossil fuel

Level 31. Which of the following is a non-metallic element?

A SulphurB StannumC MercuryD Copper

2. Mixture can be separated by the following method exceptA distillationB oxidationC filtrationD evaporation

3. When a magnesium ribbon is burned in oxygen, the compound that is formed isA magnesium oxideB magnesium dioxideC magnesium disulphideD magnesium chloride

4. Which of the following diagrams one shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule of water?

5. Sulphur can be usedA for cutting glassB for making pencil leadC for making sulphuric acidD as fuel for cars

6. Which of the following is a gas at room temperature?A BromineB ChlorineC PotassiumD Stannum

7. Which of the following is not an alloy?A SteelB PewterC BrassD Zinc

8.

The above information shows steps involve in the separation of mixture. Which of the following shows the correct sequence to separate a mixture of salt, sand and iron filings?

A O → P → N → MB O → M → N → PC O → N → M → PD O → P → M → N

9. A molecule of sugar consists ofI carbon dioxideII hydrogenIII oxygenA I onlyB I and II onlyC II and III onlyD I, II, and III

10. Concrete is a mixture ofI sandII cementIII waterA I onlyB I and II onlyC II and III onlyD I, II, and III

CHAPTER 4: THE VARIETY OF RESOURCES OF THE EARTH

Level 1

Structured Questions

1. Diagram 4 shows three kinds of resources on Earth.

Produces Produces Produces

Diagram 4 (a) Based on Diagram 4, state what these resources supply to humankind. X: __________________________________________________________________ Y: __________________________________________________________________ Z: __________________________________________________________________

(b) Give the name of natural disaster that will occur when there is a shortage of X. ___________________________________________________________________

(c) Explain how the decrease in Y will affect agriculture. ___________________________________________________________________

(d) P represents why X, Y and Z are needed by all living organisms on Earth. State one reason for P.

___________________________________________________________________

2. Diagram 5 shows the arrangement of particles in substances P, Q, R and S.

P Q R SDiagram 5

Waterfall Soil Rubber trees

X Y Z

P

(a) State whether each of the substances is a compound, mixture or an element.

Substance MatterPQRS

(b) Classify the substance given below into elements, compounds or mixtures based on their characteristics.

Common

characteristics

Name of Substance

3. List the following elements in their correct groups.

Elements

Sugar, Soil, Sodium chloride, Oxygen, Air, Mercury

Element Compound Mixture

Potassium Nitrogen Lead Chlorine Mercury Carbon BromineIodine Sulphur Alcohol Magnesium Hydrogen Ammonia

Metals Non-metals

LiquidsSolids Solids Liquids Gases

4. Draw the arrangement of particles in the following materials..

(a) (b) (c)

(d) (e)

5. Diagram 6 shows the apparatus set up to separate a mixture of sand, salt and water.

Diagram 6(a)

Diagram 6(b)

Oxygen Water

Methane Hydrogen chloride

Ammonia

(a) (i) What process is shown in Diagram 6(a)? ________________________________________________________________

(ii) What is collected in the filter funnel? _________________________________________________________________

(b) What is the substance that remains in the evaporating dish after the filtrate is heated to dryness?

___________________________________________________________________

(c) Describe how a mixture of oil and water can be separated. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________

Level 2

1. Diagram1 shows a resource on Earth.

a) Classify the resources shown in Diagram 1 using the following word.

__________________________________________________________________

b) State two possible effects on living thing in forest when illegal logging is practiced.

1)________________________________________________________________

2)________________________________________________________________

c) Define conservation of natural resource.

__________________________________________________________________

Living thing Fossil fuel Water

d) State two noble values that must be applied to make sure earth’s resources are still

can be use.

__________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

2. Diagram 2 shows a beaker contains some sand, water, and iron filing.

a) Is the content in the above a mixture or a compound? Explain your answer.

__________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

b) How you can separate iron filings from sand and water.__________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

c) (i) State the method which can be used to separate sand and water.

_______________________________________________________________

(ii) Draw the necessary apparatus for the method in 4 (c) (i)

3. The information below describes the various resources on Earth.

a) Is the content in the above a mixture or a compound? Explain your answer.

(i) P: _______________ (ii) S: __________________

(iii) Q: _______________ (iv) T: _________________

(v) R: _______________ (vi) U: _________________

b) (i) State two gases found in P.

1_________________________ 2_______________________(ii) State their importance. 1_____________________________________________________________

2_____________________________________________________________

c) Which of the Earth’s resources are used in the construction of building and for making ornament?

__________________________________________________________________

4. Figure 3 shows the particles of substances X, Yand Z.

Figure 3

P is a mixture of gases Q is the topmost layer of the Earth’s crust R makes up 70% of the Earth’s surface S can be found in the soil T provide food and materials for clothes U are formed from the natural decay of animals and plants that

died millions of years ago.

a) Name the substance using the following words.

[3 marks]

b) Give 1 example of compound and mixture.

Compound: _________________________

Mixture: ___________________________ [2 marks]

c) State the physical method to separate water and sugar from sugar solution.

__________________________________________________________________ [1 marks]

5. The figure 4 shows a physical method used to separate a mixture of sand and water.

a) Name the method.

__________________________________________________________________

b) Name the substances labeled as X and Y.

__________________________________________________________________

c) (i) Can a mixture of sugar and water be separated using the similar method?_______________________________________________________________

(ii) Explain your answer in (c) (i) _______________________________________________________________

Compound Mixture Element

d) State how the following substances can be separated into their respective components.

(i) A mixture of iron fillings and sand: ________________________________

(ii) A mixture of water and alcohol: ___________________________________

A salt solution : __________________________________________________________

Level 3

1. The information below describes the various resources on Earth. P is a mixture of gases Q is the topmost layer of the Earth’s crust R makes up 70% of the Earth’s surface S can be found in the soil T provide food and materials for clothes U are formed from the natural decay of animals and plants that died

millions of years ago

(a) Based on the above information, name the various resources on Earth.

(i)P: ________________ (ii) Q : _______________ (iii)R : _______________ (iv) S : _______________

(v)T : ________________ (vi) U: _______________

(b)(i) State two gases found in P. 1 ______________________ 2 ______________________

(ii) State their importance. 1 _____________________________________________________________

2 _____________________________________________________________

(c ) Name two components that can be found in Q __________________________________________________________________

(d) Which of Earth’s resources are used in the construction of buildings and for making expensive ornaments? ____________________________________________________________________

(e) Based on the information above, give two examples of materials obtained from T to make clothes.

(i) _______________________________________________________________ (ii)_______________________________________________________________

(f) State one use of U. ____________________________________________________________________

2. Figure 2 shows the methods in separating the mixture of salt and sand.

(a) Why is water added to the mixture in Metod 1?_______________________________________________________________

(b) What is the purpose of carrying out Method 2?_______________________________________________________________

(c) (i) Name the residue P left on the filter paper

___________________________________________________________

(ii) Name the filtrate Q collected in the beaker.

___________________________________________________________

(iii) Why is P not filtered into the beaker?

___________________________________________________________

(d ) (i) Why is Q heated in the evaporating dish?

__________________________________________________________

(ii) After heating Q for some time,a white solid forms in the evaporating dish. Name the White solid.

___________________________________________________________

(e) (i) Can the methods shown in Figure 2 be used to separate a mixture of sugar and salt?

___________________________________________________________

(ii) Give one reason for your answer in (e) (i).

___________________________________________________________

3. A student carried out an experiment as shown in Figure 3.

He carried out the following steps.Step 1 : Mix two spatulas of iron filings and two spatulas of sulphur powder in a breaker.Step 2 : Divide the mixture into two portions.Step 3: Place each portion into a crucible.Step 4: Heat one portion strongly for five minutes and then cool it. Label the product as Y.

(a) Are the products X and Y an element, a compound or a mixture?(i) Product X

______________________________________________________________

(ii) Product Y

______________________________________________________________

(b) (i) What can tou explain about product Y?

_________________________________________________________________

(ii)Explain your answer in (b) i. __________________________________________________________________ (iii)Name product Y.

__________________________________________________________________

(c) The student carried out some tests to compare product X and Y as shown in Table 2.

Test Observation

Product X Product Y

(i)Bring a magnet close to the products

(ii)Add carbon disphide solution to the products

Write the observation obtained for each test in Table 2.(d) Based on the observations, state one inference for products X and Y.

(i) Product X ____________________________________________________________

(ii) Product Y ____________________________________________________________

(e) State two conclusions that can be made from this experiment.(i) _________________________________________________________

___

(ii) ____________________________________________________________

4. Figure 4 below shows some examples of substance.

Figure 4

(a) State the definition of(i) An element

____________________________________________________________

(ii) A compound____________________________________________________________

(b) Based on figure 4, answer the following questions.(i) Name the substances which are elements.

____________________________________________________________

(ii) Name the substances which are compounds. ____________________________________________________________

5.

The diagram above shows the apparatus of an experiment to determine the melting point of naphthalene and lithium.

(a) Name the variables that(i) are kept constant:

_____________________________________________________

(ii) are manipulated:_____________________________________________________

(iii) respond:_____________________________________________________

(b) State one precaution taken to ensure the results of your experiment is accurate.

_________________________________________________________________

(c)

The table above shows the results of the experiment. Explain your results.

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

(d) State the relationship between the melting point and the force of attraction between particles.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

ANSWER ( OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS )

Level 1

1. B

2. C

3. B

4. B

5. C

6. A

7. C

8. D

9. A

10. B

Level 2

1. C

2. D

3. D

4. D

5. A

6. D

7. C

8. A

9. D

10. A

Level 3

1. A2. B3. A4. C5. C

6. B7. D8. C9. D10.D

ANSWER ( STRUCTURED QUESTIONS )

Level 1

1. (a) X: Water Y: Minerals Z: Fuels(b) Drought(c) Crop (plants grown) will not grow healthily; this causes a drop in the yield of

crops, thus affecting the agricultural industry(d) To sustain life

2. (a) P: Mixture Q: Compound R: Element S: Compound(b)

ElementConsist of only

one type of atoms

CompoundConsists of a

combination of two more types

of atoms

MixtureConsists of

mixed substances

Oxygen, mercury

Sodium chloride,

sugarAir, soil

3.

4.(a) (b) (c)

(d) (e)

5. (a) (i) Filtration (ii) Sand

(b) Salt

(c) Using a separation funnel, water is first allowed to flow out when the tap is opened. Then the tap is closed. The tap is opened again to allow the oil to flow out.

Metals Non-metals

LiquidsSolids Solids Liquids Gases

Potassium, lead, magnesium

Mercury Carbon, sulphur, iodine

Bromine, alcohol

Nitrogen, chlorine, hydrogen ammonia

Oxygen Water

Methane Hydrogen chloride

Ammonia

Level 2

1. a) Living thing

b) 1) Loss of natural habitat

2) duction in oxygen content required for respiration

c) Preventing loss, damage or wastage of the resource on Earth by appropriate

management.

e) 1) responsible

2) rational

2. a) A mixture. Sand, water and iron fillings do not combine chemically.

b) By using a magnet

c) (i) Evaporation

(ii) Mixture of sand and water.

3. a) P: Air Q: Soil R: Water S: Mineral

T: Plants and animal U: Fossil Fuels

b) Oxygen, carbon dioxide

c) Oxygen is needed by living things for respiration. Carbon dioxide is needed by

plants to carry out photosynthesis

d) S; Minerals

4. a) P; mixture Q; compound R; element

b) Compound: water

Mixture: salt solution, sugar solutionc) evaporation

5. a) Filtration

b) X: Residue Y: Filtrate

c) i) No

ii) Sugar dissolves in water

d) i) By using magnet

ii) Distillation

iii) Evaporation

Level 3

a. i. Air ii. soil iii. water iv. minerals v. plants and animals vi. fossil fuels

b. i. 1. Oxygen 2. Carbon dioxide ii. 1. Oxygen is needed by living things for respiration 2. carbon dioxide is needed by plants to carry out photosynthesis

c. water / air / mineral salts/ humus / organismsd. S (minerals)e. i. cotton (from plants) ii. wool (from animals)f. produce energy to generate electricity / operate motor vehicles

2. a. to dissolve the salt b. to separate the sand from the salt solution c. i. sand ii. salt solution iii. sand is too big to pass through the filter paper d. i. to remove water from the salt solution ii. salt crystal e.i. no ii. both salt and sugar will dissolve in water

3. a. I. a mixture ii. a compound

b. i. product Y is a new subtances ii. when the mixture is heated, the two elements combine chemically and form a new

substance iii. iron sulphate

c. I product X : iron filings are attracted to the magnet product Y : nothing is attracted to magnet ii. product X : sulphur powder dissolves in the carbon disulphate solution product Y : the product does not dissolve in the carbon disulphide solution

d.i. Product X is a mixture. The properties of iron and sulphur do not change ii. Product Y is a compound. This new substance no longer has the origanal properties

of iron or sulphur

e. i. a mixture has the same physical properties as its components. A compound does not ii. a mixture can be separated through physical methods. A compound cannot

4. a. I. an element is made up of only one type of atom ii. a compound is made up of two or more elements, chemically combined in a fixed

proportion b. i. oxygen, carbon, iron ii. carbon dioxide, water

5. (a) (i) quantity of naphthalene used / the type of lithium used(ii) type of naphthalene / type of lithium(iii) melting point

(b) The substance in the boiling tube must be below the water level inthe beaker.

(c) The melting point of naphthalene is lower than lithium. Naphthaleneis a non-metal. Therefore, it has a lower melting point than lithium,which is a metal.

(d) The lower the melting point, the weaker the force of attractionbetween particles.