chapter 4 folk and popular culture
DESCRIPTION
Chapter 4 Folk and Popular Culture. Key Issue 2 Why is Folk Culture Clustered?. Isolation promotes cultural diversity Influence of the physical environment. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Chapter 4 Folk and Popular Culture](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164ea550346895dd75688/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 4 Folk and Popular
CultureKey Issue 2
Why is Folk Culture Clustered?
![Page 2: Chapter 4 Folk and Popular Culture](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164ea550346895dd75688/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Folk culture typically has unknown or multiple origins among groups living in relative isolation. Folk culture diffuses slowly to other locations through the process of migration. A combination of physical and cultural factors influences the distinctive distributions of folk culture.
Isolation promotes cultural diversityInfluence of the physical environment
![Page 3: Chapter 4 Folk and Popular Culture](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164ea550346895dd75688/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Folk customs develop of centuries of isolation
Himalayan Mountains Neighboring isolated cultural groups Distinctive culture seen in their artwork
Isolation Promotes Cultural Diversity
![Page 4: Chapter 4 Folk and Popular Culture](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164ea550346895dd75688/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Tibetan Buddhists Divine figuresDepicted bizarre/horrifyingReflecting inhospitable env’t
Hindus Everyday lifeDeity in domestic scenesRegion’s violent/extreme climate
Muslims Beautiful plants & flowersDo NOT show harsh climatic conditions
Myanmar (Burma) & Southeast Asia
Symbols & designs from religionNOT local environment
Varying Art in Himalayas
Art shows how religion and environment influence these different cultural groups
![Page 5: Chapter 4 Folk and Popular Culture](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164ea550346895dd75688/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Many groups of similar environments adopt different social customs
Many groups in different environments adopt similar social customs
Contradicts “Environmental Determinism” theory
People DO respond to environment, but it isn’t the only factor in social customs
Influence of the Physical Environment
![Page 6: Chapter 4 Folk and Popular Culture](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164ea550346895dd75688/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Food, clothing, shelter Determined by climate, soil, vegetation
Arctic Climates◦ Fur-lined boots, snowshoes
Warm & Humid Climates◦ Footwear not needed
Netherlands◦ Wooden shoes: farmers needed waterproof shoes for
wet fields because Netherlands is below sea-level
Influence of the Physical Environment
![Page 7: Chapter 4 Folk and Popular Culture](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164ea550346895dd75688/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Folk societies◦Very responsive to environment◦Low level of technology◦Likely to be farmers◦Grow their own food◦Use hand tools, animal power
◦Some societies ignore the norms!
Influence of the Physical Environment
![Page 8: Chapter 4 Folk and Popular Culture](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164ea550346895dd75688/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Food habits derive from environment Inhabitants must consider soil, climate,
terrain, vegetation to produce food Rice: milder, moist climates Wheat: colder, drier regions
Distinctive Food Preferences
![Page 9: Chapter 4 Folk and Popular Culture](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164ea550346895dd75688/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Access to fuel can determine food supply Limited Fuel: Asia, Italy Abundant Fuel: Northern Europe Soy beans: toxic in raw form Sprouts, soy sauce, bean curd: don’t require
extensive cooking Italy: quick frying foods Northern Europe: slow stews, roasts
Distinctive Food Preferences
![Page 10: Chapter 4 Folk and Popular Culture](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164ea550346895dd75688/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Terroir: the contribution of a location’s distinctive physical features to the way food tastes (terre: land)
Ex: wine can taste different based on where grapes are grown
Distinctive Food Preferences
![Page 11: Chapter 4 Folk and Popular Culture](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164ea550346895dd75688/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Istanbul, Turkey Bostans: small gardens (1000) that supply
the city with produce Farmers maximize yields through clever
manipulation of space, season & resources Different crops grown throughout year Crops vary each year Reduces risk of damage from poor weather
Distinctive Food Preferences
![Page 12: Chapter 4 Folk and Popular Culture](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164ea550346895dd75688/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Transylvania, Romania
![Page 13: Chapter 4 Folk and Popular Culture](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164ea550346895dd75688/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Transylvania, Romania 1900s Home to many different migrating cultural
groups: Hungarians, Romanians, Jews, Armenians, etc
All eat lots of soups, poor people food However, each cultural group has a
different type based on their background
Food habits often migrate to new places
Food Diversity in Transylvania
![Page 14: Chapter 4 Folk and Popular Culture](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164ea550346895dd75688/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Certain foods eaten because they “enhance qualities” desirable by society◦ Strength, fierceness, lovemaking ability
Food Attractions and Taboos
Group Eat/don’t eat
Food Reason
Abipone Indians of Paraguay
eat Jaguars & bulls
Make them strong, brave, swift
![Page 15: Chapter 4 Folk and Popular Culture](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164ea550346895dd75688/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Continue the Chart while reading p.122-124
Food Attractions and Taboos
Group Eat/don’t eat
Food Reason
Abipone Indians of Paraguay
eat Jaguars & bulls
Make them strong, brave, swift
![Page 16: Chapter 4 Folk and Popular Culture](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164ea550346895dd75688/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Eating Rat http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/p
laces/countries-places/togo/togo_eatingrat/
Goat Fetus http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/p
laces/culture-places/food/india_goatfetus/
![Page 17: Chapter 4 Folk and Popular Culture](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164ea550346895dd75688/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Product of cultural tradition & natural conditions
Good reflection of cultural heritage, current fashion, functional needs & impact of environment
Folk Housing
![Page 18: Chapter 4 Folk and Popular Culture](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164ea550346895dd75688/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Type of materials influenced by resources available in environment
Two most common building materials: Wood (preferred when available) Brick Other materials: Stone, grass, sod & skins
Distinctive Building Materials
![Page 19: Chapter 4 Folk and Popular Culture](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164ea550346895dd75688/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
MDCs Lumber cut into needed shapes Frame, floors, ceiling, roof
Shingles, stucco, vinyl, aluminum used for exterior, insulation, decoration
Distinctive Building Materials
![Page 20: Chapter 4 Folk and Popular Culture](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164ea550346895dd75688/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Limited access to forests use alt. materials Hot, dry climates (US Southwest, Mexico,
Northern China, Middle East) Bricks: bake mud in sun
Europe & South America stone
Distinctive Building Materials
![Page 21: Chapter 4 Folk and Popular Culture](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164ea550346895dd75688/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
If desired material isn’t available: Import materials
United States◦ Save money by using alternatives to lumber◦ drywall
Distincitive Building Materials
![Page 22: Chapter 4 Folk and Popular Culture](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164ea550346895dd75688/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Form of house Customary beliefs or environmental factors Orientation of house can vary Religious values
◦ Fiji: east wall of house is sacred◦ China: northwest wall is sacred◦ Middle East, India and Africa: similar religious
values with sacred walls
Distinctive House Form & Orientation
![Page 23: Chapter 4 Folk and Popular Culture](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164ea550346895dd75688/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Religious considerations for each part of house
West: main door Northeast: most sacred North: honoring ancestors, where guests are
seated East: bed placement, head facing north
Madagascar
![Page 24: Chapter 4 Folk and Popular Culture](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164ea550346895dd75688/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
House Types in 4 communities of western China
![Page 25: Chapter 4 Folk and Popular Culture](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164ea550346895dd75688/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Laos◦ Head is considered “high and noble” ◦ Feet considered “low and vulgar”◦ People sleep head to head or feet to feet
Thailand◦ Ignore position of neighbors head/feet in bed◦ All sleep with head faced East, most favorable
direction◦ Staircases cannot face West: the direction of
death and evil spirits
Southeast Asia
![Page 26: Chapter 4 Folk and Popular Culture](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164ea550346895dd75688/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Construction of house can relate to environment◦ Pitched roof snowy, wet climates◦ Window direction/size extreme climates
Folk housing can vary in similar climates
North & West China-drylands◦ Similar building materials: adobe, timber◦ Similar objective: protection from extreme temps◦ Different, Individual designs based on social customs
Housing and Environment
![Page 27: Chapter 4 Folk and Popular Culture](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164ea550346895dd75688/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
House Types in 4 communities of western China
![Page 28: Chapter 4 Folk and Popular Culture](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164ea550346895dd75688/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Older houses display folk culture tradition Pioneers, 1700s & 1800s Brought their “east coast” housing styles
westward as they migrated
Three Major Hearths New England, Mid Atlantic and Lower
Chesapeake
US Folk House Forms
![Page 29: Chapter 4 Folk and Popular Culture](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164ea550346895dd75688/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: Chapter 4 Folk and Popular Culture](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164ea550346895dd75688/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
U.S. House Types by Region
Small towns in different regions of the eastern U.S. have different combinations of five main traditional house types.
![Page 31: Chapter 4 Folk and Popular Culture](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164ea550346895dd75688/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
New England Migrants brought house types northward
and westward across Great Lakes region Four major house types were popular, 18th & 19th century
US Folk House Forms
![Page 32: Chapter 4 Folk and Popular Culture](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164ea550346895dd75688/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Mid Atlantic “I” house: 2 full stories with gables to the
sides, resembles the letter “I”
US Folk House Forms
![Page 33: Chapter 4 Folk and Popular Culture](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081507/568164ea550346895dd75688/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Lower Chesapeake One story, steep roof, chimneys on either
side As it spread to wetter regions, these homes
were raised on stilts
Less regional distinctness today Knowledge of other styles Construction companies build the homes