chapter 4 cultures of the world. what is culture? i. culture and its elements –a. culture – the...

Chapter 4Chapter 4Cultures of the Cultures of the

WorldWorld

What is Culture?What is Culture?

I. Culture and its I. Culture and its elementselements–A. Culture – the way of A. Culture – the way of life of people who life of people who share similar customs share similar customs and beliefsand beliefs


1. Some 1. Some elements are elements are material – living material – living arrangements, arrangements, food, clothingfood, clothing


2. Some elements 2. Some elements are not material – are not material – spiritual beliefs, spiritual beliefs, government, ideas government, ideas about right and about right and wrongwrong

What is CultureWhat is Culture

–B. Cultural trait – B. Cultural trait – behavioral characteristic behavioral characteristic of people such as of people such as language, skill or language, skill or custom passed from one custom passed from one generation to anothergeneration to another


II. Study of cultureII. Study of culture–A. Human – A. Human – environment environment interaction – how interaction – how activities relate to the activities relate to the environmentenvironment


1. How landforms, 1. How landforms, climate, vegetation, climate, vegetation, and resources affect and resources affect cultureculture


2. Effect people have on 2. Effect people have on their environmenttheir environment–A. Technology – tools A. Technology – tools and the skills people and the skills people need to use them – from need to use them – from stone tools to the stone tools to the internetinternet


–B. Cultural landscape – B. Cultural landscape – a landscape that has a landscape that has been changed by been changed by human beings and that human beings and that reflects their culture – reflects their culture – Bali and terraces for Bali and terraces for farmlandfarmland


C. Development of C. Development of culture – 4 stagesculture – 4 stages–1. invention of tools1. invention of tools–2. discovery of fire2. discovery of fire


3. Growth of 3. Growth of agriculture or agriculture or farmingfarming–A. Agricultural A. Agricultural RevolutionRevolution


–B. Steady food B. Steady food supply – rising supply – rising populationspopulations

–C. Creation of C. Creation of cities and societiescities and societies


4. Development of 4. Development of system of writing – system of writing – Creation of Creation of civilization that civilization that stores and passes on stores and passes on knowledgeknowledge

Social Groups, Language, and Social Groups, Language, and ReligionReligion

I. Organization of societyI. Organization of society- A. Social Structure- ways in - A. Social Structure- ways in which people within a culture which people within a culture are organized into smaller are organized into smaller groups, each group has its groups, each group has its own particular task.own particular task.


- B. Families- most important social - B. Families- most important social unit of any cultureunit of any culture

1. 1. Nuclear family- a family unit that Nuclear family- a family unit that includes a mother, father, and their includes a mother, father, and their children. Ex: Industrial Nations such children. Ex: Industrial Nations such as USA, Germany, and Great Britain.as USA, Germany, and Great Britain.

2. 2. Extended Family- a family unit Extended Family- a family unit that may include parents, children, that may include parents, children, grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, and other relativesand other relatives


3. Patriarchal family- family 3. Patriarchal family- family in which men make most of in which men make most of the family decisions.the family decisions.

4. Matriarchal family- family 4. Matriarchal family- family in which women make most in which women make most of the family decisions.of the family decisions.


- C. Social Classes- rank people - C. Social Classes- rank people within a culturewithin a culture

1. Status or position may come 1. Status or position may come from wealth, land, ancestors, or from wealth, land, ancestors, or educationeducation

2. In the past- difficult to move from 2. In the past- difficult to move from class to classclass to class

3. Today people in many societies 3. Today people in many societies can improve their statuscan improve their status


II. LanguageII. Language

A. Basis of every cultureA. Basis of every culture

B. Lets people communicate B. Lets people communicate what they need to share in what they need to share in culture.culture.


C. Reflects the things that C. Reflects the things that people in a culture think are people in a culture think are importantimportant D. All cultures have their D. All cultures have their own unique termsown unique terms E. In some countries, people E. In some countries, people speak different languagesspeak different languages


III. Ways of Believing III. Ways of Believing (Religion)(Religion) A. Values and religion are A. Values and religion are basic to culturebasic to culture

B. Help people B. Help people understand the worldunderstand the world

C. Provide comfort and C. Provide comfort and hope in difficult timeshope in difficult times


D. Answers questions D. Answers questions about the meaning and about the meaning and purpose of lifepurpose of life

E. Defines the values that E. Defines the values that people think are importantpeople think are important

F. Guides people in ethics F. Guides people in ethics or standards of accepted or standards of accepted behaviorbehavior

Economic and Political SystemsEconomic and Political Systems

Goods – Products that Goods – Products that are made to be sold; are made to be sold; cars, baskets, and cars, baskets, and computers are all computers are all examples of goodsexamples of goods


Services – work done or Services – work done or duties performed for duties performed for other people, such as other people, such as the work of a doctor or the work of a doctor or of a television repair of a television repair personperson


Consumer – a Consumer – a person who buys person who buys goods and servicesgoods and services


Producer – a Producer – a person who makes person who makes products that are products that are used by other used by other peoplepeople


Economy – a system for Economy – a system for producing, distributing, producing, distributing, consuming, and owning consuming, and owning goods, services and goods, services and wealthwealth


Capitalism – an economic Capitalism – an economic system which people and system which people and privately owned privately owned companies own both companies own both basic and non-basic basic and non-basic businesses and industriesbusinesses and industries


Socialism – the Socialism – the government owns government owns most basic industries. most basic industries. It runs for the good of It runs for the good of society, not profitsociety, not profit


Communism – the Communism – the government owns government owns all basic and non – all basic and non – basic industriesbasic industries


Government – the Government – the system that system that establishes and establishes and enforces the laws and enforces the laws and institutions of a societyinstitutions of a society


Direct Democracy – a Direct Democracy – a system of government system of government in which the people in which the people participate directly in participate directly in decision makingdecision making


Representative Representative Democracy – a system Democracy – a system of government in which of government in which the people elect the people elect representatives to run representatives to run the affairs of the countrythe affairs of the country


Monarchy – a system of Monarchy – a system of authoritarian authoritarian government headed by a government headed by a monarch – usually a king monarch – usually a king or a queen – who inherits or a queen – who inherits the throne by birththe throne by birth


Dictator – a ruler Dictator – a ruler who has complete who has complete control over a control over a countrycountry


Constitution – a set Constitution – a set of laws that defines of laws that defines and limits a and limits a government’s government’s powerpower

chapter 4 cultures of the world. what is culture? i. culture and its elements –a. culture – the...

Documents

development of culture

culture think

culture bali

guides people

help people

skills people

effect people

patriarchal family family