chapter 37 the eisenhower era. i. affluence and its anxieties a)home construction b)electronics...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 37
The Eisenhower Era
I. Affluence and Its Anxieties
A) Home constructionB) Electronics (first computer)C) Women’s roles
-back home-The Feminine Mystique
II. Consumer Culture
A) First Credit CardB) TVC) Televangelists (Billy Graham)D) Rock ‘n’ rollE) The Organization Man
III. The Advent of Eisenhower
A) 1952-Stevenson v. Eisenhower“I like Ike”Nixon-Checkers speech
B) Korea-7 months after becoming president-54k died-billions spent
IV. Rise and Fall of Joseph McCarthy
A) McCarthy-accused dems of being communistB) McCarthyism-suspicion and fear of
communismC) Army-McCarthy Hearings-McCarthy cut his
own throat
V. Desegregating American SocietyA) Jim Crow Laws-segregation in South
B) Lynching of 6 WWII vets
C) Emmett Till-mobbed for leering a white woman
D) Paul Robeson-spread word of maltreatment in US in Europe
E) Jackie Robinson-broke color barrier by being drafted by Dodgers in 1947
F) Rosa Parks-12/55-arrested for not moving
G) Montgomery Bus Boycott-year long boycott-no longer living by white absurdities
VI. Seeds of the Civil Rights Revolution
A) Brown vs. Board of Education (1954)-Reversed Plessy vs. Ferguson-only branch to deal with segregation-2 years later, only 2% desegregated in schools
B) Central High School-Little Rock-1957-federal students sent in to escort 9 students
C) MLK Jr.-Southern Christian Leadership Conference in 1957
-black churches tied to civil rights
D) Sit-in movement in Greensboro NC-demanded service at white’s only diner
E) Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
VII. Eisenhower Republicanism at Home
A) Eisenhower-small gov’t-transfer of offshore oil to state gov’ts-curb TVA-condemned anti-polio vaccine as Socialist
B) Operation Wetback-removed 1 million Mexicans back to Mexico
in 1954 as they undermined the Bracero program
C) Tried to terminate Indian tribes as legal entities
D) Federal Highway Act of 1956-necessary for defense (incase of Soviet
invasion)-$27 billion for 42k miles of roads-destroyed downtowns in major cities
VIII. A “New Look” in Foreign Policy
A) Policy of Boldness-use Strategic Air Command to carry nuclear bombs to flatten cities
B) Nikita Khrushchev-rejected Ike’s open skies for inspection plan
C) Hungarian Uprising-1956-fell on deaf American ears as the Soviets crushed them
IX. The Vietnam Nightmare
A) French controlled Indochina-Ho Chi Minh-freedom-inspired by Wilson and FDR-went communist
B) Battle of Dien Bien Phu-French lost-Vietnam divided-elections in 2 years-US Supported Ngo Dinh Diem of South -elections never game-guerilla warfare heating up
X. Cold War Crises in Europe and the Middle East
A) 1955-Warsaw Pact
B) 1955-Soviets withdrew from Austria
C) Suez Crisis-Nasser wanted dam on Nile-US withdrew offer to finance after he flirted with the Soviets-declared Suez Canal nationalized-France and England send it troops-US refuses support-Gain for Egypt
D) Iran-US put Shah in place to keep oil interests in 1953
E) OPEC-1960-Middle East’s new control on Western Nations
XI. Round Two for Ike
A) Ike vs Adlai Stevenson again-he won 457 to 73 in the electoral college
B) Landrum-Griffin Act-1959-Labor Unions had pay consequences for financial shenanigans and bullying tactics
C) Sputnik-10/4/57-launched by USSR-inspired National Defense Education Act (NDEA)
in 58 for study of sciences and languages
XII. The Continuing Cold War
A) Stop testing of nuclear weaopons-damaging the atmosphere-both US and USSR stopped
B) Spirit of Camp David-USSR to leave Berlin
C) Paris Summit-spirit died—American plane shot down in USSR
XIII. Cuba’s Castroism Spells Communism
A) US not giving aid to its southern neighbors-supporting dictators who claim to be fighting
communism
B) Fulgencio Batista-Cuban dictator-huge investments of American capital
C) Fidel Castro-successful revolution-seized American lands-US-embargo-broke diplomatic relations in 1961
XIV. Kennedy Challenges Nixon for the Presidency
A) Nixon (R) -VP for Eisenhower-kitchen debate-American consumerism better
than Soviet economic planningB) John F. Kennedy (D)
-Roman Catholic-won via TV-helped portray his image-303 electoral votes but only by 118.5k popular
C) Democrats control both houses of Congress
XV. An Old General Fades Away
A) Eisenhower-universally admired
B) Vetoed Democratic Congress 169 times
C) St. Lawrence Seaway opened up
D) Woven in New Deal Programs
E) Admitted AK and HI into the US
XVI. A Cultural Renaissance
A) NY-art capital of the world after WWII
B) Jackson Pollock-abstract expressionism-modern art
C) Pop music
D) International Style Architecture-UN headquarters, Sears Tower, and John Hancock Tower
E) JFK Airport and Gateway Arch
F) Gains in Literature-John Steinbeck- “East of Eden”-Rabbit Series-John Updike-Ezra Pound-Beat Poets-Robert LowellTennessee Williams-”A Streetcar Named Desire”-Arthur Miller “Death of a Salesman”-J.D. Salinger “The Catcher in the Rye”
G) Southern Renaissance-life in south after war-William Faulkner