chapter 37 section 1 - quiaadapted from holt biology 2008 your turn with a partner complete chapter...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Adapted from Holt Biology 2008
Chapter 37 Section 1:
Protecting Against Disease
Key Vocabulary
Terms
9
![Page 3: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Adapted from Holt Biology 2008
Pathogen
A microorganism,
another organism, a
virus, or a protein that
causes disease; an
infectious agent.
![Page 4: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Adapted from Holt Biology 2008
Mucous Membrane
The layer of epithelial
tissue that covers
internal surfaces of the
body and that secretes
mucus.
![Page 5: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Adapted from Holt Biology 2008
Inflammation
A protective
response of tissues
affected by disease
or injury;
characterized by
pain, swelling,
redness, and heat
![Page 6: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Adapted from Holt Biology 2008
Histamine
A chemical that
stimulates the
autonomous
nervous system,
secretion of gastric
juices, and dilation
of capillaries
![Page 7: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Adapted from Holt Biology 2008
Antigen
A substance that stimulates an immune
response
![Page 8: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Adapted from Holt Biology 2008
Macrophage
An immune
system cell that
engulfs pathogens
and other
materials
![Page 9: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Adapted from Holt Biology 2008
Neutrophil
A large leukocyte that contains a lobed
nucleus and many cytoplasmic granules
![Page 10: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Adapted from Holt Biology 2008
Natural Killer Cells
A type of white
blood cell that is
present in
individuals who
have not been
immunized and that
kills a variety of
cells
![Page 11: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Adapted from Holt Biology 2008
Interferon
A protein that is
produced by cells
infected by a virus and
that can protect
uninfected cells from
reproduction of the
virus
![Page 12: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Adapted from Holt Biology 2008
Chapter 37
Section 1:
Protecting Against Disease
Notes
![Page 13: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Content Objectives
• I will be able to identify the physical
barriers that protect the human body.
• I will be able to identify three general
defense mechanisms that the body uses
to fight pathogens.
• I will be able to identify how the body
responds to pathogens that have infected
a cell?
![Page 14: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Preventing Entry
Disease-causing
microorganisms
and viruses are
called pathogens.
The body has
many ways to
protect against
pathogens.
![Page 15: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Preventing
Entry
Skin and mucous
membranes form
strong barriers that
prevent pathogens
from entering the
body.
![Page 16: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Preventing Entry
Skin is the first line of defense against
pathogens.
![Page 17: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Preventing Entry
Oil and sweat on
the skin’s surface
inhibit the growth
of many
pathogens.
![Page 18: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Mucous membranes form a second barrier to pathogens. Mucous
membranes are layers of epithelial tissue that produce a sticky, viscous fluid called mucus. Mucus traps pathogens before
they can cause infections.
5
![Page 19: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Mucous membranes cover internal body surfaces, such as the linings of
the digestive tract, respiratory tract, and reproductive tract.
![Page 20: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Cuts and abrasions allow pathogens to enter through the skin. Airborne
pathogens can enter the body through the respiratory system.
![Page 21: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
How do physical
barriers prevent
pathogens from
entering the body?
THINK, SHARE, & WRITE
TSW #1
4
![Page 22: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Skin physically prevents many pathogens
from invading the body (unless there is a
tear in the skin).
How do physical barriers prevent pathogens
from entering the body?
THINK, SHARE, & WRITE
TSW #1
![Page 23: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Adapted from Holt Biology 2008
YOUR TURN
With a partner complete
Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease).
Take turns reading the questions aloud to each other, alternating questions.
Read the paragraphs aloud, alternating paragraphs.
![Page 24: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Adapted from Holt Biology 2008 Adapted from Holt Biology 2008
YOUR TURN
Discuss what you have read!
From your discussion write the best possible response to the questions.
• Be prepared to share with the class.
Adapted from Holt Biology 2008
2
![Page 25: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Nonspecific Immune Responses When pathogens break through the body’s physical
barriers, the body quickly responds with second-line defenses—fever, inflammation, and the activation of
special proteins that kill or inhibit pathogens.
![Page 26: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Nonspecific Immune Responses
As the body begins to fight against an
invading pathogen, the body’s temperature
may rise several degrees. Increased
body temperature, or fever, is a common symptom of illness.
![Page 27: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Nonspecific Immune Responses
Fever helps the body fight
infection because higher
temperatures are harmful to many
bacterial pathogens.
![Page 28: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
An injury or local
infection may
stimulate
inflammation.
Inflammation is a
protective response
that results in the
accumulation of
chemicals and cells
that attack and
destroy pathogens in
the area of injury or
infection.
![Page 29: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Infected or injured
cells release
chemicals such
as histamine.
Histamine dilates
local blood
vessels,
increasing blood
flow and causing
swelling and
redness.
![Page 30: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Three types of white blood cells attack
pathogens: macrophages, neutrophils,
and natural killer cells.
![Page 31: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
White Blood Cells Involved in
Inflammation
![Page 32: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Nonspecific Immune Responses
Some pathogens activate proteins that help the body’s general responses to
infection.
![Page 33: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Nonspecific Immune Responses
Complement proteins attack pathogens by
punching holes in the cell
membranes and causing the
contents to leak out.
![Page 34: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Nonspecific Immune Responses
Another group of proteins called interferons are
released by cells infected with
viruses.
![Page 35: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Nonspecific Immune Responses
Interferons prevent viruses
from making proteins
and RNA.
![Page 36: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Specific Immune Responses
The body’s third line of defense is called the specific immune response. This response
involves specialized white blood cells.
![Page 37: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Specific Immune Responses
When a pathogen infects a cell, the body produces
immune cells that specialize in detecting and destroying that
specific pathogen.
![Page 38: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Specific Immune Responses
Macrophages are one type of white
blood cell that destroys
pathogens.
![Page 39: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Specific Immune Responses
Pathogens have
unique proteins on
their surfaces called
antigens that help the
body identify the
pathogen as foreign
and trigger an immune
response.
![Page 40: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Content Objectives
• I will be able to identify the physical
barriers that protect the human body.
• I will be able to identify three general
defense mechanisms that the body uses
to fight pathogens.
• I will be able to identify how the body
responds to pathogens that have infected
a cell?
![Page 41: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Specific Immune Responses
After a macrophage
destroys a pathogen,
pieces of the pathogen
that contain its
antigens move to the
surface of the
macrophage, changing
the cell surface
markers on the
macrophage. 4 & 5
![Page 42: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Specific Immune Responses
This new antigen
display on the
surface of the
macrophage alerts
the immune system
to an invader.
![Page 43: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Specific Immune Responses
Every antigen
has its own
receptor which
is located in the
surface of an
immune cell.
![Page 44: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Specific Immune Responses
Antigen receptors bind to antigens that
match their shape exactly.
![Page 45: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Specific Immune Responses
The unique
structure of antigen
receptors allows
the immune system
to be specific to
certain antigens.
![Page 46: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Specific Immune Responses
The body
produces a
variety of
immune cells,
each of which
has receptors
for a different
antigen.
![Page 47: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Specific Immune Responses
When a displayed antigen binds to
its antigen receptor on an
immune cell, more immune cells are
produced that have the same
antigen receptor.
![Page 48: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Specific Immune Responses
These new immune cells
function to destroy body cells that are no longer normal and to remove extracellular
pathogens that have not yet
entered body cells.
![Page 49: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
How does the body
recognize “nonself”
invaders?
THINK, SHARE, & WRITE #1
![Page 50: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Viruses display antigens on their cell
surfaces, which tells the body that the
viral cells are different from “self” cells
How does the body recognize “nonself”
invaders?
THINK, SHARE, & WRITE
![Page 51: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Summary
Skin and mucous
membranes form
strong barriers
that prevent
pathogens from
entering the
body.
![Page 52: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Summary
When pathogens break
through the body’s physical
barriers, the body quickly
responds with second-line
defenses—fever,
inflammation, and the
activation of special proteins
that kill or inhibit pathogens.
![Page 53: Chapter 37 Section 1 - QuiaAdapted from Holt Biology 2008 YOUR TURN With a partner complete Chapter 37 Section 1 Active Reading (Protecting against Disease). Take turns reading the](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022040907/5e7e37f987012e723f742b59/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Summary
When a pathogen
infects a cell, the
body produces
immune cells that
specialize in
detecting and
destroying that
specific pathogen.