chapter 3.2 - 3.4 the u.s. constitution changes over time the founding fathers were so smart, they...
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Chapter 3.2 - 3.4The U.S. Constitution Changes Over Time
• The Founding Fathers were so smart, they even made ways to make sure the Constitution could be changed!– Why?
• To keep it as the legitimate document of our government!
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What did the Constitution first look like?
• 1789– Had only Articles 1 through 7
• NO BILL OF RIGHTS!!
• 1791 – Bill of Rights added to protect people’s rights.
• Amendments 1 through 10
• Amendment = changes to Constitution
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Methods of Amending the Constitution
• Found in Article V1. “The Congress, whenever two thirds of both houses shall deem it
necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution”
• OR 2. “on the application of the legislatures of two thirds of the several
states, shall call a convention for proposing amendments”
• Both work only if, 1. “ratified by the [state] legislatures of three fourths of the several
states”,
• OR 2. “by conventions in three fourths thereof”
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How Article 5 allows for the Constitution to be amended…Part 1
• By a vote in Congress– All amendments have
come this way.
• How does this work? – Senate
• Must approve by 2/3 vote (67 total)
– House of Representatives
• Must approve by 2/3 votes (290 total)
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How Article V allows for the Constitution to be amended…Part 2
• 2/3 of the states agree to call a Constitutional Convention – 34 states must agree!
• When has this happened? – 1781?
• Why hasn’t it happened since? – Constitution does not say
that while at the Convention, delegates are limited to only making one amendment.
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How does an amendment get ratified?
• Ratified– Added to the
Constitution if agreed to
• “by the [state] legislatures of three fourths (3/4) of the several states”,
– Or• “by conventions in
three fourths (3/4) thereof”
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Can you take an amendment off once it is added?
• NO!– It must be repealed
• Reversed by legislative act
• Example: – 18th Amendment (1919)
• Started Prohibition– Made selling of alcohol
illegal
– 21st Amendment (1932)• Got rid of Prohibition
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So what does that get us???
• 27 amendments– Amendments 1-10
called Bill of Rights• Designed to protect
individual freedoms of citizens.
• Can you name them all?
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What are some of the other 17? • 13th (1865)
– Abolishes slavery
• 14th (1868) – Offers due process to all
citizens
• 15th (1870)– Rights can not be denied
according to color
• 18th (1919)– Prohibition
• 19th (1920)– Women’s right to vote
• 21st (1932)– Ended Prohibition
• 22nd (1951)– 2 term limit on POTUS
• 26th (1971)– Voting age set at 18
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So what is not mentioned in the Constitution?
• Executive agreements– Arrangements that
Presidents establish with foreign governments that do not require Senate approval
• Unlike formal treaties that do need Senate approval
• Example:– FDR and Churchill in WWII
• Worked together to fight off Hitler quickly
• We gave them ships for free!
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What about political parties?
• George Washington warned us to not become split into different parties! – Bad for a republic!
• Why? – It always makes a minority group!
• By 1804– Political parties were well established
• Organized groups that seek to win elections in order to influence the activities of government.
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Today there are 2 major political parties!
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Why else are political parties bad?
• They make factions– People or groups of
people who are usually motivated by self-interest.
• Tea Parties – Summer of 2009
• Neo-Nazis in America