chapter 32 (1939-1945). weaknesses of the treaty of versailles the axis powers invade territory in...
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WORLD WAR IIChapter 32 (1939-1945)
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Weaknesses of the Treaty of Versailles
The Axis Powers invade territory in Europe and Asia during the 1930s Third Reich Violations
Italy, Germany, Japan What was created after
WWI to prevent this situation from occurring?
What did the League do? Britain and France don’t
attack Germany
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“I believe it is peace for our time” British government
under Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain urges a policy of appeasement
Giving in to an aggressor to keep peace
Munich Conference Let Hitler keep the
Sudetenland after he agrees to respect the borders of Czechoslovakia
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Words of Anger
“Throughout history, it has been the inaction of those who could have acted, the indifference of those who should have known better, the silence of the voice of justice when it mattered most, that has made it possible for evil to triumph.”
-- Ethiopian emperor Haile Selassie after an Italian invasion is made possible by an unblocked use of the British-controlled Suez Canal, 1935
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Another World War…
Within 6 months, Hitler ignores Munich Agreement
Germany and Soviet Union sign nonaggression pact Why?
Germany invades Poland Allies Great Britain and
France declare war on Germany (Sept. 1939)
United States’ response?
Causes of World War II Treaty of Versailles Rise of totalitarian
governments Appeasement Nationalism Militarism Imperialism German invasion of
Poland Immediate cause
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Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Agreement (August 1939)
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German War Machine
Blitzkrieg of Poland and France
Two parts: Airplanes and tanks Massive infantry
forces “Lightning war”
Element of surprise Maginot Line
“Sitzkrieg” France is destroyed
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Effects of the Blitz
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Germany Continues to Gain Strength Germany takes over
much of Europe and northern Africa
Europe, 1942 --------> Germany breaks its
non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union, by 1942 pushes 500 miles into Russian territory
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View from U.S. ship at sea
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View from the shoreline
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Why Pearl Harbor?
Japan Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto calls for an attack on Hawaii
He felt that it was a threat to Japan’s goal of controlling southeast Asia
December 7, 1941
2,300 Americans killed in surprise Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor, an American naval base in Hawaii
U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt: “A day that will live in infamy”
United States declares war on Japan
Internment camps
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World War II Political Cartoon
1. A man from what country is depicted in the cartoon?
2. What audience is this cartoon aimed at?
3. What message is the cartoonist trying to send to his audience?
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Battle of Britain
Luftwaffe vs. RAF British endure air
bombing raids from Germany
Britain, under the leadership of Winston Churchill, forces Germany to retreat
*First time a German attack fails since Hitler took power
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How were the Allies able to weaken the Axis war machine? Axis powers’ mistakes Germany breaks non-
aggression pact with Soviet Union
Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor; Hitler declares war on United States
Heavy bombing of Tokyo by U.S. Broke the “aura of
invincibility” of Japan
Battle of Midway D-Day
Invasion of Normandy Battle of the Bulge Hitler commits
suicide as Soviets approach
V-E Day (5/9/1945) Victory in Europe
Was Allied victory complete?
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The Japanese in Retreat
Kamikazes “I’m desperately
trying to figure out why kamikazes wore helmets.”
Iwo Jima Okinawa How could the
United States defeat Japan? Many options
1. Atomic bomb2. Full-scale invasion3. Blockade4. Negotiate a treaty Why does U.S.
President Harry Truman use the atomic bomb?
Truman warns Japan of bomb and need to surrender in July 1945
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Hiroshima, Japan—August 6, 1945
First atomic bomb is dropped by the B-29 bomber Enola Gay
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Nagasaki, Japan—August 9, 1945Approximately 150,000 civilians
were killed instantly in both atomic bomb attacks.
Nearly as many later died or were wounded as a result of burns or radiation poisoning.
Japan surrendered on September 2, 1945.
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Shin’s Tricycle
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World War II Death Toll
Germany 4.2 million, Japan 2.35 million, Italy 410,000. Total Axis deaths: 8.3 million people
Soviet Union 20 million, U.S. 400,000, France 600,000, China 10 million, Britain 388,000. Total Allied deaths: 40 million people
21 million military personnel and 27 million civilians die in World War II
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Postwar Europe
Few farmers remained Famine and disease What happened to the
popularity of communism? Why?
Nuremberg Trials “Crimes against
humanity” Ten Nazi leaders
sentenced to death Allies turned enemies
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Postwar Japan
Democratization Creating a government
elected by the people New Constitution
Emperor was not divine Demilitarization Loss of colonial empire Continued U.S. military
presence in Japan Enemies turned allies