Chapter 31Human Geography of Southeast Asia, Oceania, & AntarcticaMigration & ConquestObjective: Analyze features of human geography in Southeast Asia, Oceania, & Antarctica

Chapter 31 Section 1Southeast AsiaVocabulary: Mandala, Khmer Empire, Indochina, Vietnam War, & ASEAN

Objective: Examine Southeast Asia’s history of diversity

Long History of Diversity• China & India influenced

ancient Southeast Asia• Chinese art, technology,

political ideas, & ethical beliefs

• Hinduism & Buddhism spread from India & influenced religion & art in much of Southeast Asia

• Mandalas – states organized as rings of power around a central court

• Khmer Empire ruled from Cambodia in Southeast Asia from 9th to 15th century

Colonialism & Its Aftermath• By the 20th century, most of Southeast

Asia was colonized by the Europeans• The Europeans forced colonies to

produce commodities like rubber, sugar, rice, tea, & coffee

• Japanese had control of the region during WWII

• After the war, they sough independence

• Indochina (Cambodia, Laos, & Vietnam) controlled by the French struggled for independence

• Vietnam War: 1957-1975 US tried to prevent communism in South Vietnam, the US eventually withdrew their troops

An Uneven Economy• People of Southeast Asia

depend mostly on agriculture for income

• Rice is a profitable commodity

• ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) an alliance that promotes economic growth & peace in the region

• Other importance industries include textiles, clothing, & electronic products

A Rich Mosaic of Culture• Southeast Asia has a

religious diversity with Buddhism, Catholic, Muslim, & Hinduism

• Buddhism & Hinduism influence art & architecture especially in Angkor Wat (Cambodia)

• Most Southeast Asians live in rural villages & follow traditional lifestyles

• However, more are moving into cities & leading more modern lives

Chapter 31 Section 2OceaniaVocabulary: Micronesia, Melanesia, Polynesia, Subsistence Activities, Copra, & Taro

Objective: Explain the Oceania region

A History of the Islands• For thousands of years,

their descendants continued to migrate

• Oceania is divided into three regions (Micronesia, Melanesia, & Polynesia)

• European settlers set up plantations to grow coconuts, coffee, pineapples, & sugar

• Some islands were destroyed during WWII & with nuclear testing

A Traditional Economy• Subsistence Activities:

family produces only the food, clothing, & shelter they need for themselves

• Major crops for agriculture include banana, sugar, cocoa, & coffee

• Fishing is also a major source of income

• Tourism has become very important to the economy of Oceania

Culture of the Islands•1100 languages

are spoken in Oceania

•Christianity is the most widely spread religion however some practice their traditional religion

•Two distinct ways of life exist on the islands (traditional & modern)

Chapter 31 Section 3Australia, New Zealand, & AntarcticaVocabulary: Penal Colony, Aboriginal People, Maori, Treaty of Waitangi, & Pakeha

Objective: Explain how Australia & New Zealand became European outposts

History: Distant European Outposts• Great Britain established

Sydney as a penal colony (place to send prisoners)

• Aboriginal People migrated to Australia from Asia at least 40,000 years ago

• New Zealand was first settled by the Maori

• Treaty of Waitangi gave Britain control over New Zealand

• When gold was discovered, thousands of British went to Australia & New Zealand, most stayed there

Modern Nations• Australia & New Zealand

remains apart of the British Commonwealth

• New Zealanders have a long tradition of concern for equal rights & the welfare of its citizens

• Australia & New Zealand prospered by exporting food products & wool to the United Kingdom

• They have also developed industry & other manufacturing services

• Antarctica is preserved for research

Distinctive Cultures & Modern Life• Most Australians are British

descent but that proportion is changing because of high rates of immigration

• New Zealand’s culture is a blend of British & Maori ways

• 85% of people live in cities & towns in Australia & New Zealand

• They are also well known for their recreational outdoor sports (swimming, tennis, rugby, cricket, & soccer)