chapter 30 after the fall: the western world in a global age (since 1985)
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 30
AFTER THE FALL: THE WESTERN WORLD
IN A GLOBAL AGE (SINCE 1985)
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Toward a New Western OrderRevolutionary Era in the Soviet Union
Mikhail Gorbachev • Perestroika• Glasnost
End of the Soviet Union• Boris Yeltsin• Commonwealth of Independent States
New Russia• Putin Era
Vladimir Putin
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The New Europe
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Eastern Europe: The Revolutions of 1989and the Collapse of the Communist Order
The Fall Poland
• LechWalesaHungaryCzechoslovakia
• Gustav Husa´k• Vaclav Havel• Nicolae Ceaus¸escu
After the FallNATO
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Chechnya
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Reunification of Germany
GermanyErich Honecker
‘‘The wall must go!’’
East Germany free elections March 18, 1990
Political reunification October 3, 1990
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The Berlin Wall 1961 -1989
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Disintegration of YugoslaviaSlovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Macedonia
Slobodan Milosevic
War in Bosnia‘‘Ethnic cleansing’
Massacre at Srebrenica
War in Kosovo Kosovo Liberation Army
Vojislav Kostunica
NATO troops
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Western Europe and the Search for Unity
Germany RestoredHelmut Kohl
Christian Democrats
Stasi Files
Gerhard Schroeder
Post-Thatcher BritainLabour Party
John Major
Tony Blair
Gordon Brown
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Western Europe and the Search for Unity (cont)
FranceJacques Chirac
• 2005 Muslim riots
A Move to the RightNicolas Sarkozy
ItalyCorruption in Italy
• Silvio Berlusconi
• Romano Prodi
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Unification of Europe
European CommunitySingle Europe Act
Treaty on European Union
European Union• Competition on the world market
• Military force
• Problems of national identity
• By 2007, EU to 455 million people
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The United States: Move to the Center
George H. W. BushBill Clinton
Period of economic revival 2nd term impeachment
George W. BushWar in IraqBush tax cuts
CanadaBrian Mulroney (b. 1939), elected in 1984Quebec
• René Lévesque• Parti Québécois
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Quebec
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End of the Cold War
Mikhail GorbachevINF Treaty
Overthrow of Communist regimes
Gulf War Iraq forces in Kuwait
‘‘New World Order’’
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An Age of Terrorism
Munich Olympic Games
Terrorist OrganizationsRed Army Faction
Red Brigades
Charles Martel Club
IRA
Palestinian terrorists• Pan American flight 103
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Terrorist Attack on the United States
September 11, 2001al-Qaeda
Osama bin Laden• U.S.S. Cole
Afghan and U.S. special forces ousted The Taliban in Afghanistan in 2001
New multiethnic government faced problems from renewed Taliban activity
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War in IraqIn 2003, largely American-led forces invaded Iraq
Iraqi army was quickly defeatedAllied forces sought to restore stability to the country
• Setting forth plans to lay the foundations of a future democratic society
Saddam Hussein captured, tried and executedBy 2006, violence had increased dramatically and Iraq
In 2007, President Bush increased the number of U.S. troops
• The Surge• Troops loss decreased significantly
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The West and Islam
Israeli-Palestinian conflict
The Shah of IranAyatollah Khomeini
U.S. forces in the Middle East considered an affront to Islam by anti-Western Islamic groups
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New Directions in Western Society
Transformation in Women’s LivesBirthrates down
Woman in workforce on the rise
The Women’s Movement
Involvement in Environmental movement
International conferences
ImmigrationGuest workers
Islam is growing in Europe and the United States
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Art and Music in the 1980s and 1990sVisual Arts
Kiefer
Basquiat
Andres Serrano and Robert Mapplethorpe• National Endowment for the Arts
MusicGrunge, Rap and Hip Hop
Digital Worldwide Web
Cellular phones
Art and Music• Bill Viola
• Matthew Barney
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Toward a Global Civilization
GlobalizationGlobal Economy
• World Bank
Transnational corporations
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
World Trade Organization
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Toward a Global Civilization (cont)
Environmental issues
Global warming
Greenhouse gases
Social Challenges
Migration and developed and developing nations
Global Movements‘‘Think globally, act locally’’
Nongovernmental organizations
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Discussion Questions
1. What was the impact of Mikhail Gorbachev’s reforms on the Soviet Union? Was he its savior or its destroyer?
2. What were the chief obstacles in the reunification of Germany? How were these obstacles resolved?
3. How has terrorism changed over the last two decades? What forces brought about these changes?
4. Examine the debate over global warming. Defend and refute each side of the debate.
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Weblinks
Mikhail Gorbachev
Vladimir Putin
Gustav Husak NATO
Berlin Wall
Slobodan Milosevic
Nicolas Sarkozy
George W. Bush