chapter 3 work study

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Chapter 3:

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Page 1: Chapter 3 work study

Chapter 3:

Page 2: Chapter 3 work study

Work study is a service that uses techniques such as research methods and study time, to review the effectiveness of each activity in a

systematic work activities to produce an efficient and productive work.

Page 3: Chapter 3 work study

Minimize time Minimize cost Production based on ability raw material,

equipment and skill of workers. Produce high-quality spending Maximize worker safety.

Page 4: Chapter 3 work study

High production costs of the ordinary.

Production is not balanced in terms of quality.

Too much work in progress (Work In Progress)

The existence of the movement of people and material excess.

Page 5: Chapter 3 work study

Use of materials, equipment, machinery and labor is not satisfactory.

Often requires overtime.

There are works that have to much idle time.

Production quality is not satisfactory.

Page 6: Chapter 3 work study

Before starting any work study should take note of these two factors:

- How much savings if a work is reviewed and new methods developed.

- How much time is allocated for research work.

Page 7: Chapter 3 work study

KAJIAN KERJA

(work Study)

KAJIAN KAEDAH

(Research Methods)

KAJIAN MASA

(Time Methods)

MENINGKATKAN KECEKAPAN DAN PRODUKTIVITI

(Increase Efficency and Productivity)

Page 8: Chapter 3 work study

The study method is as a study to determine the various methods that can be usedfor a job.

From these studies we can determine the best method to practiced in carrying outthe work.

Page 9: Chapter 3 work study

Detailed studies carried out to analyze the following areas:

- purpose of this process is done- quality standards

- layout of workplace equipment - cycle (work cycle) - work methods

Page 10: Chapter 3 work study

Improve production flow Effective use of labor Improve the plant layout and design Effective use of existing facilities Create a more comfortable working conditions Establish standards for the methods used

Page 11: Chapter 3 work study

Flow Chart process describes in diagram form on the activities that occurred from the beginning raw materials are processed, they tend to run the operation and inspection.

Page 12: Chapter 3 work study

Flow chart process can devide to three such:

Material types - shows that the movement of material being processed.

Operator type that shows the movement done by the operator during the process.

Equipment type - that shows the activities done to a device for the purpose of processing

Page 13: Chapter 3 work study

SYMBOL ACTIVITIES PURPOSE (TUJUAN)

Control

(Pengendalian)

Process and Production

Inspection

(Pemeriksaan)

Inspect Quality and Quantity

Transportation

Pengangkutan

Movement

DelayKelewatan/simpanan sementara

Delay / Interruption

Simpanan Tetap Simpan

Page 14: Chapter 3 work study

Assembly / component opening Repair works Provide plant and equipment Change shape / condition of a material Chemical reaction command fill in the form Computation and others

Page 15: Chapter 3 work study

measure ingredients Mengkelas Check - measure, numbering.

Page 16: Chapter 3 work study

The motion of the hand, trucks, lorries and other transport devices.

Movement through the pipe or tube

Travel operators

Page 17: Chapter 3 work study

Operator / Material wait to lift / lifted

Materials waiting for the next process

Operator wait till material come.

Page 18: Chapter 3 work study

Alat/Bahan yang disimpan dalam stor sementara menanti untuk dihantar ke tempat lain.

Maklumat yang disimpan Semua kelewatan atau simpanan sementara

yang melebihi 24 jam.

Page 19: Chapter 3 work study

Example 1

Draw a Process Flow Chart to show the activities of laundry using the washing machine

Page 20: Chapter 3 work study

2

2 minit 1 kumpulkan pakaian kotor

17 meter 1 bawa pakaian ke tempat cuci

5 minit 2 masukkan pakaian ke dalam mesin

45 minit 1 tunggu sehingga mesin berhenti

15 meter - 2 bawa pakaian ke tempat jemuran

15 minit 3 sidai pakaian tersebut

120 minit 2 tunggu sehingga pakaian kering

15 meter - 3 bawa pakaian ke tempat melipat

20 minit 4 lipat pakaian

5 meter - 4 bawa pakaian ke tempat penyimpanan

1 simpan pakai

Page 21: Chapter 3 work study

Time study is  a study that using specific techniques to determine the total time taken by the operator to complete an operation.

Page 22: Chapter 3 work study

The study time objectives are to :

i. Determine the number of elements that an operationii. Determine the level of difficulty of an operationiii. Determine the level of employee skillsiv. Reduce production costsv. Determine the standard time for an operation

Page 23: Chapter 3 work study

Two techniques are commonly used;

i.  Using the Stopwatch

ii.  Movement Time System Set / Predetermined Motion Time System

Page 24: Chapter 3 work study

Standard time is the goal to be achieved in a time study using stopwatch. The standard time is

total time taken to perform each element found in a review of the work.

[Total Standard Time = Work + All rewards given

Page 25: Chapter 3 work study

Peti-peti surat yang dibuat daripada kepingan logam galvanis untuk kegunaan Politeknik Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah dibuat di Bengkel Kepingan Logam. Lima kitaran Kajian Masa telah dilakukan oleh En Saaid ke atas seorang pelajar Kejuruteraan Mekanikal. Kajian bermula dari pukul 8.00 pagi dan berakhir hingga pukul 9.50 pagi. En.Saaid telah mendapat butiran seperti berikut :

 Jumlah peratusan ganjaran :

Unsur 1 = 20% MAUnsur 2 = 15% MAUnsur 3 = 10% MAUnsur 4 = 25% MA

Page 26: Chapter 3 work study

NO. UNSUR KADARMASA PEMERHATIAN

(MINIT)

1.Memotong kepingan-kepingan logam galvanis

kepada saiz peti surat

90

95

90

90

95

6

7

7

8

5

2. Membentuk peti surat

90

95

95

80

90

4

5

5

5

4

3.Mencantumkan kepingan-kepingan logam peti

surat

105

95

90

95

95

5

6

6

7

7

4. Merivet peti surat

90

105

90

90

100

4

3

4

4

3

5. Memeriksa Peti Surat (untuk setiap 2 peti surat)

95

90

1

2

Page 27: Chapter 3 work study

Time is measured in the study methods are: -

i. The average time-which is the time for each element of its cycle.

ii. CAS / rating, during a review, the observer also assesses the speed of current employees to work compare with normal speed.

Masa Normal = Masa Purata + ( Masa Normal x Kadaran %)

Page 28: Chapter 3 work study

Time is stale-time employees' personal needs (eg go to the canteen, toilet, etc.), time to rest and time delays, such as damage to the machine and so on.

Usually the value given in percentage (%).

Page 29: Chapter 3 work study

Standard time is calculated by the following means:

Masa Piawai = Masa Normal + ( masa normal x masa basi )

Page 30: Chapter 3 work study

Seorang Jurutera industri di Syarikat Biz Sdn Bhd.mengambil masa piawai bagi suatu operasi dengan menggunakan teknik kajian masa. Data dari jadual di bawah adalah masa yang diambil dengan menggunakan jam randik secara ulangan.

UnsurMasa ( min )

KadaranKitaran 1 Kitaran 2 Kitaran 3

1 4.5 4.2 4.7 112

2 3.0 3.2 2.8 112

3 2.3 2.5 2.3 110

Sekiranya di tetapkan jumlah kelegaan / basi peribadi, kelewatan dan kelesuan adalah 10 %, dapatkan:-

1.Masa purata bagi setiap unsur2.Masa normal bagi setiap unsur3.Masa piawai bagi setiap unsur4.Masa piawai bagi keseluruhan

Page 31: Chapter 3 work study

Seorang penyelia Syarikat Jeman Sdn. Bhd. dikehendaki membuat kajian masa bagi satu operasi. Data dari jadual di bawah adalah masa yang diambil dengan menggunakan jam randik secara ulangan.

UnsurMasa ( min )

KadaranKitaran 1 Kitaran 2 Kitaran 3

A 0.30 0.35 0.50 100

B 0.12 0.15 0.10 110

C 0.41 0.43 0.45 110

D 0.80 0.90 0.92 95

Diberi kelegaan peribadi 15%. Dapatkan masa piawai bagi proses tersebut.

Page 32: Chapter 3 work study

END