chapter 3 tourism policy and organizations
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PowerPoint slides for The Tourism System 7th ed. by Robert C. Mill and Alastair M. Morrison, published by Kendall/Hunt, 2012.TRANSCRIPT
The Tourism System 6th edition Kendall Hunt Publishing Company
Chapter 3 Tourism Policy and Organizations
Robert C Mill and Alastair M Morrison © 2013 1
Chapter 3 Tourism Policy and
Organizations
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Contents Identifies the reasons for government involvement and
the roles of government in tourism. Describes the elements of a tourism policy model. Explains the roles of global, multi-country regional,
national, state, provincial and territorial, regional and local tourism organizations.
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The Tourism System 6th edition Kendall Hunt Publishing Company
Chapter 3 Tourism Policy and Organizations
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Purpose
Having learned about government involvement in tourism and tourism policy, students will be able to explain the roles of tourism organizations operating at different geographic levels throughout the world.
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Learning Objective 1: Government Involvement in Tourism
Identify the reasons for government involvement and the roles of government in tourism.
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The Tourism System 6th edition Kendall Hunt Publishing Company
Chapter 3 Tourism Policy and Organizations
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Reasons for Government Involvement in Tourism 1. Political reasons 2. Environmental reasons 3. Economic reasons 4. Safety and security reasons
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Government Roles in Tourism 1. Tourism coordination 2. Tourism policy-setting and tourism planning 3. Tourism legislation and regulation 4. Tourism infrastructure development 5. Tourism operations 6. Tourism development stimulation and control 7. Tourism marketing and research 8. Tourism training and education
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Learning Objective 2: Tourism Policy Model
Describe the elements of a tourism policy model and how they are used to form a tourism policy for a destination.
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Elements of a Tourism Policy Model 1. Destination area needs 2. Tourism goals 3. Constraints (external and internal) 4. Tourism objectives 5. Tourism policy 6. Tourism strategies and programs
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Chapter 3 Tourism Policy and Organizations
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Learning Objective 3: Global Tourism Organizations
Explain the roles of global tourism organizations, including the UN World Tourism Organization (UNWTO).
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Geographical Groupings of Tourism Organizations 1. Global organizations 2. Multi-country regional organizations 3. National tourism organizations 4. State, provincial, and territorial tourism organizations 5. Regional tourism organizations 6. Local tourism organizations
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Chapter 3 Tourism Policy and Organizations
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Global Organizations 1. World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)(Madrid) 2. International Civil Aviation Organization (Montreal) 3. International Air Transport Association (Montreal) 4. World Travel & Tourism Council (London, England)
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Main Activities of the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) 1. Improving competitiveness 2. Promoting sustainable tourism development 3. Advancing tourism’s contribution to poverty reduction
and development 4. Fostering knowledge, education and capacity building 5. Building partnerships 6. Mainstreaming tourism
http://www.unwto.org/, 2013
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Chapter 3 Tourism Policy and Organizations
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Program of the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) Competitiveness and Trade in Tourism Services Statutory Meetings (Conferences) Coordination in Destination Management Technical Cooperation and Services Education and Training Ethics and Social Dimensions of Tourism Information and Communications Knowledge Network Market Trends Risk and Crisis Management Statistics and Tourism Satellite Account Sustainable Development of Tourism Information Resources and Archives
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Strategic Objectives of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for 2011-2013 1. Safety: Enhance global civil aviation safety. 2. Security: Enhance global aviation security. 3. Environmental protection and sustainable development of
air transport: Foster harmonized and economically viable development of international civil aviation that does not unduly harm the environment.
http://www.icao.int/Pages/Strategic-Objectives.aspx, 2013
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IATA Industry Priorities and Targets (at December 2012) 1. Safety: Improve global safety, especially in Africa. 2. Security: Improve security checkpoints. 3. Airline revenues: Manage airline revenues securely and efficiently. 4. Value chains: Re-balance the value chains, improve airline revenues, and
reduce costs. 5. Environment: Protect the industry’s ability to grow in a sustainable
manner. 6. Regulatory: Protect members from burdensome regulation. 7. Industry costs and customer service: Create value, reduce industry
costs, and improve customer service. http://www.iata.org/about/Pages/priorities.aspx, 2013
http://www.iata.org/about/Pages/priorities.aspx
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Air Transport Action Group 1. Sustainable aviation biofuels 2. Sustainable development 3. Industry collaboration 4. Climate change 5. Social and economic benefits of aviation 6. Intermodality 7. Industry communications http://www.atag.org/our-activities/activities-overview.html, 2013
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Chapter 3 Tourism Policy and Organizations
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Strategic Priorities of World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC) 1. Freedom to Travel: Call on governments to adopt smarter
visa and border security policies to promote travel and tourism as driver of jobs and economic growth.
2. Policies for Growth: Lobby governments to implement policies which support the growth of travel and tourism through the creation of a competitive business environment
3. Tourism for Tomorrow: Develop plans for the future on developing human resources, optimizing relationships with host communities, protecting the environment, preserving tourism assets. http://www.wttc.org, 2013
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Learning Objective 4: Multi-Country Regional Organizations Explain the roles of multi-country regional organizations.
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Chapter 3 Tourism Policy and Organizations
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Multi-Country Regional Organizations 1. Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development (OECD, Paris) 2. Organization of American States (OAS, Washington,
D.C.) 3. European Union and European Commission (EU & EC,
Brussels) 4. Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC, Singapore) 5. Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN,
Jakarta)
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Multi-Country Regional Tourism Organizations
1. Caribbean Tourism Organization (CTO), Barbados 2. Confederación de Organizaciones Turísticas de la
América Latina (COTAL), Buenos Aires 3. European Travel Commission (ETC), Brussels 4. Pacific Asia Travel Association (PATA), Bangkok 5. South Pacific Tourism Organization (SPTO), Suva
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Chapter 3 Tourism Policy and Organizations
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Roles of Multi-Country Regional Tourism Organizations 1. Fostering international cooperation in tourism 2. Reducing barriers to travel within the region 3. Conducting research on travel patterns and on issues
of mutual interest to the regional partners 4. Improving the quality of tourism in the region 5. Developing common standards in tourism 6. Sharing of information on tourism
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Development Agencies and Banks (Examples) 1. World Bank 2. Inter-American Development Bank 3. Asian Development Bank
Some of these are Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) and have specific policies and programs for tourism
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Chapter 3 Tourism Policy and Organizations
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Learning Objective 5: National Tourism Organizations Explain the roles of national tourism organizations.
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National Tourism Organizations (Examples) Canadian Tourism Commission China National Tourism Administration Embratur, Brazil German National Tourism Board Singapore Tourism Board South African Tourism Tourism Australia Tourism Ireland Tourism New Zealand VisitBritain
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Supply-Side Roles of National Tourism Organizations 1. Conducting inventories and assessments of the
destination mix 2. Coordinating the national tourism planning process 3. Establishing minimum standards for hotels,
attractions, tour operators, and tour guides 4. Operating training and education programs 5. Providing financial incentives
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Demand-Side Roles of National Tourism Organizations 1. Facilitating inbound international travel 2. Conducting marketing research 3. Marketing inbound international travel 4. Representing the nation’s tourism in foreign countries
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Chapter 3 Tourism Policy and Organizations
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Learning Objective 6: The Roles of State, Provincial, and Territorial Tourism Organizations
Explain the roles of state, provincial, and territorial tourism organizations.
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State, Provincial, and Territorial Tourism Organizations (Examples) Visit California (USA) Jiangsu Provincial Tourism Bureau (China) Kerala Department of Tourism (India) KwaZulu-Natal Tourism Authority (South Africa) Ontario Tourism Marketing Partnership Corporation Sabah Tourism Board (Malaysia) Tourism Queensland (Australia)
The Tourism System 6th edition Kendall Hunt Publishing Company
Chapter 3 Tourism Policy and Organizations
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Roles of State, Provincial, and Territorial Tourism Organizations 1. Promoting domestic travel 2. Generating and fulfilling inquiries 3. Operating travel information or welcome centers 4. Organizing familiarization trips 5. Conducting marketing research 6. Encouraging tourism development 7. Offering training and education programs 8. Developing and promoting package tours 9. Offering cost-sharing programs
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Learning Objective 7: Regional and Local Tourism Organizations Explain the roles of regional and local tourism organizations.
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Chapter 3 Tourism Policy and Organizations
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Regional and Local Tourism Organizations Algoma Kinniwabi Travel Association (Ontario) Barcelona Turisme (Spain) Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority Melbourne Convention & Visitors Bureau (Australia) Tourism Auckland (New Zealand) Tourism Cape Town (South Africa) Tourism South East (England)
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Roles of Regional and Local Tourism Organizations 1. Promoting pleasure and meeting/convention travel 2. Conducting marketing research 3. Increasing the understanding of the benefits of
tourism to the community 4. Encouraging tourism development 5. Operating travel information centers 6. Operating membership programs
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Chapter 3 Tourism Policy and Organizations
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THE TOURISM SYSTEM
© 2013
Chapter Summary Highlights
Chapter 3
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Tourism policies are designed to guide the development of tourism in destination areas. Governments are involved in tourism for political, environmental, economic, and safety and
security reasons. Government roles in tourism include coordination, policy-setting and planning, legislation and
regulation, infrastructure development, operations, development stimulation and control, marketing and research, and training and education.
Global tourism organizations include UNWTO, ICAO, IATA, and WTTC. NTOs play a key role, as do tourism organizations at other geographic levels.