Chapter 3

Section 2

Notes

Early Explorations

• After Columbus Spanish explorers had discovered, settled, and conquered other islands.– Puerto Rico– Jamaica– Cuba

Ferdinand Magellan

• Spain learned from Natives there was another Ocean (the Pacific Ocean)

• Magellan sailed across the Pacific. His expedition left Spain in 1519.– They endured many hardships. Starvation

forced them to eat rats and sawdust.

Magellan continued

• Magellan was killed in a battle with local islanders in the Philippine Islands.

• Of 5 ships and 250 crew members that started the expedition, only 1 ship and 18 crew members returned in 1522.

Spanish Conquistadors

• Spanish Colonists in the Caribbean heard rumors of gold in the Americas.

• Spain gave the Conquistadors permission to establish settlements, in return, Spain would get 1/5th of any treasure captured.

Cortes and Montezuma

• Montezuma was an Aztec Emperor.

• Cortes was a Spanish Conquistador.

• In 1519 Cortes arrived in Mexico.– His goal was to conquer, gain riches, and

power

• Montezuma welcomed him as a guest, and the Aztec empire ultimately fell.

Cortes Video Notes

What was Cortes motto?

What was he hoping to find in his conquests?

Why did the governor of Cuba order the arrest of Cortes?

Cortes Video

Reasons for the fall of the Aztecs

• The Spanish had better weapons.– Guns– Armor

• Natives relied on spears, arrows, rocks, etc..

• Natives had also never seen horses. • Natives also offered slow resistance.

They had little understanding of what was happening.

Fall of the Incas

• The Incan Empire also fell to Spain.

• Francisco Pizarro set sail down the Pacific Coast with 200 Spanish Soldiers.

• In 1532 he captured the Incan emperor.– His 200 soldiers killed more than 10,000 men.

Pizarro Video Notes

• What did Pizarro hope to find?

• How large was his arm? (number of men)

• How far did the Incan empire stretch?

• What disease wiped out ½ the population of the empire?

Pizarro video