chapter 3 satellites, sensors and data forms fundamentals a. dermanis
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CHAPTER 3CHAPTER 3
Satellites, SensorsSatellites, Sensorsand Data Formsand Data Forms
FUNDAMENFUNDAMENTALSTALS
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LANDSAT 7 SATELLITE SPOT 4 SATELLITE
SATELLITES & SENSORS
ETM+Enhanced Thematic Mapper7 bands
2 HRVIR High Resolution Visible Infrrared4 bands
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REMOTE SENSING SATELLITES AND SENSORS
Satellite from until sensors altitudeh
(km)
inclin.i
(deg)
periodT
(min)
repeatcycle (days)
Landsat 1, 2, 3
1972 (1) 1983 (3) MSS, RBV 920 99 103 18
Landsat 4, 5 1982 (4) ... MSS, TM 705 np 98.9 16
Landsat 7 1999 ... ETM+ 705 np 98.9 16
SPOT 1, 2, 3 1986 (1) HRV 832 np 101 26
SPOT 4 1998 HRVIR, VGT 832 np 101 26
NOAA 10 - 14 1986 ... AVHRR 861 / 845 np 1
ADEOS Aug 1996 July 1997 AVNIR, OCTS 797 np 101 41
Nimbus 7 Dec 1986 CZCS 1000
IRS-1A Mar 1988 LISS-1 904 101 22
IRS-1B Aug 1991 LISS-2 904 101 22
IRS-P2 Oct 1994 LISS-2 101 24
IRS-1C 1995 LISS-3, WIFS 817 101 24
IRS-1D Sep 1997 LISS-3, WIFS 736 / 825 101
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REMOTE SENSING SATELLITES AND SENSORS
Satellite from until sensors altitudeh
(km)
inclin.i
(deg)
periodT
(min)
repeatcycle (days)
MOS-1 Feb 1987 MESSR, VTIR 908 99.1 17
MOS-1b Feb 1990 MESSR, VTIR 908 99.1 17
RESURS-01 1985 MSU-SK 678 98 21
Orb View-2 SeaWiFS 705 np 98.9 1
GMS VISSR 35900 0 gs
GOES GOES Imager 35900 0 gs
Space Shuttle 1983 MOMS-01
Space Shuttle 1993 MOMS-02
Mir Space Station
1996 MOMS-02P
ERS-1 July 1991 ATSR
ERS-2 Apr. 1995 ATSR-2
ENVISAT-1 1999 AATSR
EOS-AM-1 1999 MODIS
Ikonos Sept 1999 681 98.1 98
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Airborne Sensors
Daedalus ATMS TIMS
bands 0 0.32 – 0.381 0.38 – 0.422 0.42 – 0.453 0.45 – 0.504 0.50 – 0.555 0.55 – 0.606 0.60 – 0.657 0.65 – 0.698 0.70 – 0.799 0.80 – 0.89
10 0.92 – 1.1011 3.0 – 5.012 8.0 –14.0
1 0.42 – 0.452 0.45 – 0.523 0.52 – 0.604 0.605 – 0.6255 0.63 – 0.696 0.695 – 0.757 0.76 – 0.908 0.91 – 1.059 1.55 – 1.75
10 2.08 – 2.3511 8.5 – 13.0
1 8.2 – 8.62 8.6 – 9.03 9.0 – 9.44 9.5 – 10.25 10.2 – 11.26 11.2 – 12.2
FOV (degrees) 86 86 76
IFOV (mrad) 2.5 2.5 2.5
dyn. range (bits) 8 8 8
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spectralregion
No. ofbands
TOTAL
spectralresolution
(nm)
IFOV(mrad)
pixelsper line
dynamicrange (bits)
GERIS 0.40 – 1.081.0 – 2.02.0 – 2.5
247
32 63
25.412016.5
2.5, 3.3, 4.6 512 or 1024 16
CASI 0.4 – 0.9 288 1.8 1.02 – 1.53 512 12
AVIRIS 0.4 – 0.720.69 – 1.301.25 – 1.871.84 – 2.45
316363
63 224
9.79.68.8
11.6
1 550 12
MIVIS 0.433 – 0.8331.15 – 1.552.00 – 2.50
8.20 – 12.70
208
64
10 102
2050
500
2 765 12
MAIS 0.45 – 1.11.40 – 2.508.2 – 12.2
3232
7 71
2030
400-800
varies 8
HYDICE 0.4 – 2.5 206 7.6-14.9 0.5 320 12
HYMAP 0.44 – 0.880.881 – 1.335
1.4 – 1.811.95 – 2.94
128
16131216
2.52.0 512 12
MODIS 0.4 – 14.5 36
HYPERSPECTRAL SENSORS
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DATA RESOLUTION
Spatial Resolution: no of pixels per ground areaIncreases when pixels become smaller
Spectral Resolution: no of bands per wavelength Overall:increases with number of bandsLocally: increases when wavelength difference between
successive bands becomes smaller
Temporal al Resolution: no of imaging repetitions per timeIncreases when days between revisiting an area become fewer
Radiometric Resolution: no of values for grey tone variation = 2p
p = number of bits per single (integer) valueIncreases with number of bits p
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THE DATA
Field Of View
InstantaneousField Of View
one image for each bandcovering the same ground area
no of bands
for each band:image = matrix of pixelswith R rows & C columns
pixel xij
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DATA FORMATS
BSQ: Band Sequential
BIL: Band Interleavedby Line
BIL: Band Interleavedby Pixel
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DATA PRESENTATION
The RGB Color System
Each band in Black & White
black pixel value 1(0 reserves as “no data” code)
white pixel value max (2p)
3 bands in a color composite
red pixel value of 1st band
green pixel value of 2nd band
blue pixel value of 3rd band
1st, 2nd, 3rd band =
= any 3 bands in any order
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3 2 1 4 3 2 7 4 2 7 5 4 5 7 4
LandsatThematic Mapper
7 bands
Band 1 Band 2 Band 3
Band 4 Band 5 Band 7 Band 6
Color composites
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