chapter 3 note taking guide and organizer
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Chapter 3 Note Taking guide and organizer
Name_________________________Date_________________Mod_______
Water
Water has 4 important properties.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Polarity
Many of water’s _____________________ functions stem from its
___________________ structure.
The _________________ and ____________________ in water
__________________________ with ___________________ bonds.
These atoms do not share the __________________ equally.
Since the ________________ atom is bigger than the _______________________ atoms,
the electrons tend to hang around the _______________________ atom more often.
This gives oxygen a small _______________________ charge and the hydrogen a small
______________________ charge. A _______________________ molecule is when
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__________________________ have ________________________ charges. Not charges
like ionic bonds but smaller attractions that sometimes only water has.
Being polar leads to other things like………
_____________________________
This occurs when the slightly _____________________ hydrogen atom is
________________________ to a slightly ______________________ oxygen atom of
another water molecule, it is a very ___________________attraction.
Draw a hydrogen bond below.
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Cohesion
This occurs when ________________________ of the same ____________________
stick to one another.
What are some examples of cohesion in daily life?
Adhesion
This is when ___________________ that are not alike are _____________________,
example, water to walls of a test tube, or plant walls
When you see adhesion, think ___________________, sticky.
What are some examples of adhesion?
Capillarity
This is when __________________ goes up a small, narrow tube like a plant stem or
paper towel.
_________________ makes this possible.
Both adhesion and cohesion can be combined to let water do some amazing things!
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Property of
Water
Definition
Example
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Density of Water is Special!
Water is one of the only substances on Earth in which the _____________________
phase is less ____________________ than the ____________________phase!
Because of this, life can ___________________ in many places.
What would happen is this was not true? Describe.
Temperature Moderation
Water must ________________ or _____________________ a relatively large amount
of ____________________ for its temperature to change.
When water is ________________________, most of the ________________________
energy that the water initially absorbs breaks the ___________________________
between the molecules.
When the _______________________ are broken, the thermal energy is
_______________________ and increases the _____________________ of the
molecules.
Water’s ability to ______________________ large amounts of _____________________
helps keep cells at an even ________________________ despite temperature changes in
the _____________________.
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Fill in the blanks above to show what happens when water changes phases. Is energy released or absorbed? Are hydrogen bonds broken or formed?
Carbon Compounds
A _________________ atom has ___________________electrons in its outer level
which means it can create ___________________ bonds with any other atoms including
__________________________.
This makes carbon an excellent _____________________ for many
________________________ molecules.
Carbon can even form ____________________ and double and triple bonds!
Functional Groups
A _______________________ is a group of atoms that _______________________ the
properties of the molecules they compose.
Solid
Gas
Liquid
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_________________ is a functional group that has _________________ and
_____________________attached.
Alcohols can cause blindness or even _____________________ when consumed.
Some alcohols are important to assemble certain ______________________ in the body.
Large Carbon Molecules
In large _____________________ compounds, the molecules are built up from smaller,
simpler molecules called ____________________.
______________________ can bind together to create larger, more complex molecules
called ____________________.
Large ___________________ are called ___________________.
How are polymers made and broken?
______________________ link together in a _____________________________
reaction.
When two _______________________ combine, ______________________ is released.
When ____________________ are broken, it is called a __________________________
reaction.
Water is broken into two parts and breaks the __________________ that hold the
__________________________ together.
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Draw an example of a condensation reaction and a hydrolysis reaction below.
Energy Currency
Life processes require __________________.
This energy is available to life in the form of a compound called ___________________.
ATP has ____________________ phosphates on the molecule and when one phosphate
is broken off,___________________ is released.
Draw an ATP molecule below.
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Carbohydrates
A _________________________ of a _______________________ is called
________________________
A monosaccharide is a ________________________ sugar.
Two ___________________________ form a ___________________________.
A ____________________________ is a complex molecule composed of three or more
______________________________.
What are some carbs?
Proteins
_____________________ are _______________________ compounds made from
monomers called __________________________.
There are _________________________ different amino acids.
The differences between the amino acids are their ___________________ groups.
Two amino acids bond to form a _________________________.
In a __________________________ reaction, two amino acids form a
________________________ bond called a _______________________ bond.
Long chains of amino acids are called ___________________________.
What are some proteins?
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Enzymes are a special kind of protein.
______________________ are proteins that are important
__________________________for chemical reactions.
Enzyme reactions depend on the __________________________ between the
___________________and the _____________________________.
The _________________________ is the reactant being catalyzed.
Enzymes may fail to work when the _________________________ isn’t correct.
Other _________________ and ____________________ are also a factor.
Label the steps above.
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Affects on Enzymes
Temperature-
Denature-
A change in ___________________ can decrease the ability of an enzyme to function.
A ___________________________________ or ______________________ can
decrease the ability of an enzyme to function.
Lipids
___________________ are large, non polar molecules that do not
______________________ in water.
Fatty acids are _____________________ carbon chains that make up most lipids.
Hydrophilic-
Hydrophobic-
Types of Lipids
A ________________________ is composed of ____________________ molecules of
fatty acids joined to an alcohol called glycerol.
______________________ have two fatty acids joined with glycerol.
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Phospholipids are contained in the ___________________________ and form a
___________________ layer to create a barrier between the inside and outside of cell.
A wax is a type of _____________________ lipid.
A steroid has ___________________ carbon rings. _________________________ is an
example. _____________________ are also ________________________ and very
important for life.
Label the head and the tail of the molecule. Also label which is hydrophobic and
which is hydrophilic.
Types of Fats(Lipids)
A _________________________ has all available bonds used by
_______________________.
Saturated fats are _________________ at room temperature and are all single bonded,
straight chains
Phospholipid molecule
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__________________________________ have a _______________________ bond
which means not all available bonds are taken by hydrogen.
_________________________ are generally _________________________ at room
temperature and are healthier.
Nucleic Acids
____________________________________ are large and complex organic molecules
that store important _______________________ in the cell.
_________________________ stores and transfers information to make
_______________________.
______________________________ contains information that is essential for cell
activities.
Both ____________________ and ________________________ are composed of
____________________________ called __________________________.
A nucleotide has _________________________components: a
_____________________________ group, a _________________________ and a
___________________________.
Essential Questions
1. Describe the structure of the water molecule.
2. What are two properties of water that are caused by hydrogen bonding?
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3. What is an organic compound?
4. Define functional group and give an example.
5. How does a polymer form?
6. How does a polymer break down?
7. What are the 4 classes of organic compounds? Give an example of each.
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8. Explain the relationship between enzyme and substrate.
9. What affects the ability of enzymes to work?