chapter 3 learning styles

© 2012 Wadsworth, Cengage Learning

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Learning About Learning



You’re About to You’re About to Discover…Discover…

You’re About to You’re About to Discover…Discover…

• How learning changes your brain

How learning changes your brain• How people are intelligent in different ways

How people are intelligent in different ways• How you learn through your senses

How you learn through your senses• How to become a more efficient and

How to become a more efficient and effective learnereffective learner

• How your personality type can affect your

How your personality type can affect your learning stylelearning style


© 2012 Wadsworth, Cengage Learningp. 48-49

Tammy KoTammy KoTammy KoTammy Ko


1. You’re intrinsically motivated to learn material that is appropriately challenging.

2. You’re appropriately stressed, but generally relaxed.

3. You enter into a state researchers call “flow” and are totally absorbed in what you’re doing.

Create the Best Conditions for LearningCreate the Best Conditions for LearningCreate the Best Conditions for LearningCreate the Best Conditions for Learning

“ ”It is not the answer that enlightens, but the question. Eugene Ionesco, Romanian and French playwright


4. You’re curious about what you’re learning and you look forward to it.

5. You’re slightly confused, but only for a short time.

6. You search for personal meaning and patterns.

7. Your emotions are involved, not just your mind.


“ ”It is what we think we know already that often prevents us from learning.Claude Bernard, French physiologist


8. You realize that as a learner you use what you already know in constructing new knowledge.

9. You understand that learning

is both conscious and unconscious.

10. You are given a degree of choice in what you learn, how you do it, and feedback on how you’re doing. Exercise 3.1:Exercise 3.1:

What is LearningWhat is Learning


“ ”Personal participation is the universal principal of knowing. Michael Polanyi, Hungarian-British scholar


Interpersonal

Logical-Mathematical Spatial

IntrapersonalMusical Naturalistic

Linguistic Bodily-Kinesthetic

HowHow are You Smart? are You Smart?HowHow are You Smart? are You Smart?


Studying Intelligently



Visual: (depicted) symbols, charts, diagrams, color, layout,

flow charts, mindmaps, spatial arrangements, headings

Aural: (spoken, heard) lectures, Podcasts, discussions,

study groups, email, chats, oral presentations, oral

feedback

Read/Write: (read, written) textbooks, papers, notetaking

Kinesthetic: (reality-based, uses all the senses) analogies,

case studies, application, simulations, field trips, role plays,

experiments, games, problem-based learning,

learning by doing, film, animated websitesExercise 3.3:Exercise 3.3:

Your VARK StyleYour VARK Style

VVAARRKK and Learningand Learning


GeneralStrategiesGeneral

StrategiesStudy

StrategiesStudy

StrategiesExam

StrategiesExam

Strategies

Draw maps.Create charts.Develop graphs.Use symbols.Draw diagrams.Underline text.Make flow charts.Use highlighters.Write with different colors.Draw pictures.Use word imagery.Use spatial arrangements.Pay attention to teachers who are dramatic and dynamic.

Convert your lecture notes to a visual format.Study the placement of items, colors, and shapes in your textbook.Put complex concepts into flowcharts or graphs.Redraw ideas you create from memory.

Practice turning your visuals back into words.Practice writing out exam answers.Recall the pictures you made of the pages you studied.Use diagrams to answer exam questions, if your instructor will allow it.

VVISUALISUALVVISUALISUAL


Discuss topics with other students.Use a tape recorder so you can listen more than once.Attend as many class lectures as you can.Leave spaces in your lecture notes for later recall and filling in.Join a study group. Find ways to talk about and listen to conversations about the material.Describe the material to a student who wasn’t there.Make a point of remembering examples, stories, and jokes: things people use to explain things. Tune in to your teacher’s voice.

Read your notes aloud.Explain your notes to another auditory learner.Ask others to “hear” your understanding of the material.Talk about your learning to others or to yourself.Record your notes onto tapes or CDs or listen to your instructors’ Podcasts.Realize that your lecture notes may be incomplete. You may have become so involved in listening that you stopped writing. Fill your notes in later by talking with other students or getting material from the textbook.

Practice by speaking your answers aloud.Listen to your own voice as you answer questions.Opt for an oral exam if allowed.Imagine you are talking with the teacher as you answer questions.


StrategiesStudy

StrategiesStudy

StrategiesExam

StrategiesExam

Strategies

AAURALURALAAURALURAL


Make lists.Take lecture notes (almost verbatim)Journal about what you’re learning.Pay attention to headings.Read textbooks thoroughly.Compile/read glossaries.Write out definitions.Read/find quotations.Look up words in the dictionary.Pay attention to printed handouts.Read outside library materials.Read websites and webpages. Read manuals (for computers or labs).Listen to teachers and students who are articulate.

Write out your lecture notes again and again.Read your notes (silently) again and again.Put ideas and principles into different words.Translate diagrams, graphs, etc. into text.Rearrange words and “play” with wording.Turn diagrams and charts into words.

Write out potential exam answers.Practice creating and taking exams.Type out your answers to potential test questions.Organize your notes into lists or bullets.Write practice paragraphs: particularly beginnings and endings.

RREAD/WRITEEAD/WRITERREAD/WRITEEAD/WRITE


StrategiesStudy

StrategiesStudy

StrategiesExam

StrategiesExam

Strategies


Go on field trips.Find real examples of abstract concepts.Apply information.View exhibits, samples, and photos.Use hands-on approaches, computers for example.Take advantage of labs.Engage in service-learning related to the course.Listen to teachers who give real-life examples.Don’t forget that you need to do things in order to remember them.Use all your senses.

Recall experiments, field trips, etc.Remember the real things that happened.Talk over your notes with another “K” person.Use photos and pictures that make ideas come to life.Go back to the lab, your lab manual, or your notes that include real examples.Remember that your lecture notes will have gaps if topics weren’t concrete or relevant for you.Use case studies to help you learn abstract principles.

Role-play the exam situation in your room (or the actual classroom).Put plenty of examples into your answers.Write practice answers and sample paragraphs.Give yourself practice tests.

KKINESTHETICINESTHETICKKINESTHETICINESTHETIC


StrategiesStudy

StrategiesStudy

StrategiesExam

StrategiesExam

Strategies


1. Remember that VARK preferences are not necessarily strengths.

2. If you have a strong preference for a particular modality, practice multiple suggestions listed for that modality.

3. An estimated 55 to 65 percent of people are multimodal.

4. If you are multimodal, you may have to use all your modalities to be confident you’ve learned something.

5. You may want to save experimenting with modalities you don’t prefer until after college.

Using Your Sensory PreferencesUsing Your Sensory PreferencesUsing Your Sensory PreferencesUsing Your Sensory Preferences



Does Personality Affect Learning?Does Personality Affect Learning?Does Personality Affect Learning?Does Personality Affect Learning?

What energizes you?What energizes you?

Introvert Extrovert

Sensor iNtuition

How do you process information?How do you process information?

Thinker Feeler

How do you make decisions?How do you make decisions?

Judger Perceiver

How do you relate to the world?How do you relate to the world?


Using Using Your Your

PersonalityPersonality

Using Using Your Your

PersonalityPersonality

• Translate for Maximum Comfort.• Your instructor may have a different learning style• Adapt course material to what works best for you

• Make Strategic Choices.• Don’t use your style as an excuse• Become more versatile

• Take Full Advantage.• Make the most of your time in college• Pursue new learning opportunities

“ ”Each person is an exception to the rule. Carl Jung, psychiatrist



Chapter 3: Exercises and ActivitiesChapter 3: Exercises and Activities

What Is Learning?What Is Learning?

Multiple Intelligences Self AssessmentMultiple Intelligences Self Assessment

VARK Learning Styles AssessmentVARK Learning Styles Assessment

Chapter ExerciseChapter Exercisep. 50p. 50





What Is Learning?What Is Learning?What Is Learning?What Is Learning?

Exercise 3.1, p. 50

chapter 3 learning styles

Education

youre learning

problembased learning

learning menu options

best conditions

lecture notes againwrite

inwhat youre

youre curious

learneryou use