chapter 3 environmental...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 3
Environmental Toxicology
01: Paracelsus (1493–1541). © National Library of Medicine
02: Individual dose–response curve.
Source: Reprinted with permission from AE Marczewski, M Kamrin.
Toxicology for the Citizen. 2nd ed. East Lansing, Mich: Michigan State
University, Center for Integrative Toxicology; 1991:5.
03: A population dose–response curve.
Source: Adapted from Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessment. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Risk Assessment
Forum. Washington, DC, EPA/630/R095/002F; 1998:81.
04: The threshold of a dose–response curve.
Source: Reprinted from National Institutes of Health, National Institute of
Environmental Health Sciences. Chemicals, the Environment and You:
Explorations in Science and Human Health, p. 63. Available at:
http://science.education.nih.gov/supplements/nih2
05: Location of 81 hazards on factors 1 and 2 derived from the relationships
among 15 risk characteristics. Source: Reprinted with permission from P Slovic. Perception of risk. Science. 1987;236:282. Copyright 1987 AAAS.
06: Steps in risk assessment.
Source: From Basic Environmental Health by Annalee Yassi and Tord Kjellström,
Theo de Kok, Tee Guidotti, copyright © 2001 by the World Health Organization.
Used by permission of Oxford University Press, Inc.
T01: Ways to Describe a Dose
Source: Data from RJ Kendall, TA Anderson, RJ Baker, et al. Ecotoxicology. In: Klaassen CD,
Watkins JB III, eds. Casarett & Doull’s Essentials of Toxicology. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill;
2003:422; and National Library of Medicine. Toxicology Tutor I. Basic
T02: Ranking of the Relative Speed of Effect According to the Site and
Route of Exposure
T03: Direct and Indirect Adverse Effects of Xenobiotics