www.cengage.com/cj/siegel

Larry J. Siegel

Valerie Bell • University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH

Chapter ThreeVictims and Victimization

• The Victim’s Role– Victimology– Victimologists

Victims and Victimization

• Victimization’s Toll on Society– Economic Loss

• System costs• Individual costs

Victims and Victimization

• The Nature of Victimization– Blaming the Victim– Long-Term Stress

• PTSD• Adolescent stress• Relationship stress

– Fear

Victims and Victimization

• The Nature of Victimization– Antisocial Behavior

• Cycle of Violence

Victims and Victimization

• The Nature of Victimization– The Social Ecology of Victimization

• Violent crimes– More likely in:

» Public areas» Commercial establishments

• Crime in Schools

Victims and Victimization

• The Nature of Victimization– The Victim’s Household

• Larger• African American• Western• Urban

Victims and Victimization

• The Nature of Victimization– Victim Characteristics

• Gender• Age• Social status • Race/Ethnicity• Marital Status• Repeat Victimization

Victims and Victimization

• Theories of Victimization – Victim Precipitation Theory

• Active precipitation• Passive precipitation• Victim Impulsivity

Victims and Victimization

• Theories of Victimization – Lifestyle Theories

• High-Risk Lifestyles• College Lifestyle• Criminal Lifestyle• Victim or Criminal?

– Deviant Place Theory

Victims and Victimization

• Theories of Victimization – Routine Activities Theory

• Suitable targets• Capable guardians• Motivated offenders• Crime and everyday life• Research support

Victims and Victimization

• Caring for the Victim– Victim Service Programs

• Victim-Witness assistance programs • Victim compensation• Victim advocates • Victim impact statements• Public education • Crisis intervention • Victim-Offender reconciliation programs

Victims and Victimization

• Caring for the Victim– Victims’ Rights

• Victims’ Bill of rights– The right to be notified of proceedings and the

status of the defendant– The right to be present at criminal justice

proceedings– The right to make a statement at sentencing

and to receive restitution from a convicted offender

Victims and Victimization

• Caring for the Victim– Victims’ Rights

• Victims’ Bill of rights– The right to be consulted before a case is

dismissed or a plea agreement entered– The right to a speedy trial– The right to keep the victim’s contact

information confidential

Victims and Victimization