chapter – 3 base line environmental statusgpcb.gov.in/pdf/sam_fine_chem_eia_report_part_3.pdf8...
TRANSCRIPT
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CHAPTER – 3
BASE LINE ENVIRONMENTAL
STATUS
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_____________________________________________________________________________________________ Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page: 1 of 56 Chapter 3 Base Line Environmental Status
CHAPTER 3 BASE LINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS
3.1 INTRODUCTION
Preparation of EIA needs a datum on which the evaluation can be done. It is
necessary to collect data about different environmental aspects that are likely
to be affected due to the proposed industrial activity, which in turn defines an
existing environmental quality to serve as the datum.
Various environmental conditions exist in the area surrounding the project site,
which are liable to be affected due to the project activities, have been
assessed quantitatively as well as qualitatively. In order to assess the feasibility of
the said project, a study related to the present environment condition has been
carried out by generating the baseline data.
As per TORs of the project (vide letter no. J-11011/746/2009- IA dated on 9th
August, 2010) issued by Ministry of Environment & Forest, New Delhi, the study
area to be considered as 10 km from the project site. The baseline
environmental quality has been assessed as per the TORs for the month of
October 2010 to December 2010 (Winter Season) in a study area of 10 km radial
distance from the project site with reference to the attributes as summarized in
Table - 3.1.
3.2 STUDY AREA
The base line data has been collected within the 10 km radius surrounding the
project site of M/s. Sam Finechem Ltd. The study area is covered by 19 villages
of Gondal Taluka, 8 villages of Kotda Sangani Taluka. The detail of villages and
their location from the project site is given in Table - 3.2. The Google image of
the study area along with the distance from severely polluted area and Google
image showing 5 Km & 10 km radius area is given below as Plate - 3.1 & Plate –
3.2(A) & (B) respectively. While the map depicting administrative boundaries of
Taluka, showing locations of town & villages along with infrastructure facilities as
national & state highways, important roads & railway line is shown in Plate - 3.3.
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Plate- 3.1 Google Image showing project site and distance from severely polluted area
: Project site 1 : Hadmtala Industrial Area 2 : Shaper Veraval Industrial Estate 3 : Rajkot city 4 : Aji Industrial Area
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Plate- 3.2 (A) Google Image showing 5 km Radius Area from the project site
S1 : Project site S2 : Ardoi S3 : Hadamtala S4 : Biliyala S5 : Mahika Nana S6 : Mahika Mota S7 : Veri Talav S8 : NH-8B S9 : SH-233
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Plate- 3.2 (B) Google Image showing 10 km Radius Area from the project site
S1 : Project site S2 : Ardoi S3 : Hadamtala S4 : Biliyala S5 : Mahika Nana S6 : Mahika Mota S7 : Veri Talav S8 : NH-8B S9 : SH-233
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Table - 3.1: Details of AttributesAttributes Parameters Data procured from
Meteorology
Wind Speed, Wind direction,
temperature, relative humidity,
rainfall and cloudiness
Book “Climate of Gujarat”
published by Indian
Metrological Department,
Government Of India - 1995
Micro
Meteorology
Wind Speed, Wind direction,
Relative humidity, cloud cover
and temperature
Indian Meteorological
Department, Ahmedabad
for Rajkot Observatory
Water
Environment
Physical, chemical and
Parameters.
Ambient Air
Environment PM10, SO2, NOx, HC and VOCs
Noise
Environment Noise levels in dBA
Monitored data
Land Use
Pattern
Land use for different
land use classifications.
Based on Satellite Imagery
for study area of 10 km
Socioeconomic
Status
Socio-economic
characteristics, labor
force characteristics,
population statistics
Existing amenities in the study
area and quality of life.
Census Handbook of
Rajkot District – 2001
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____
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Table - 3.2: Villages Covered Under Study Area of 10 km
Sr.No.
Name of Village Name of Taluka Village code Position w.r.t project
site
1 Gundasara 796 6.75 km @ 21
2 Ribda 795 7.75 km @ 352
3 Rib 794 7.75 km @ 329
4 Mungavavdi 793 8.125 km @ 312
5 Daliya 799 7.125 km @ 294
6 Valadhari 800 8.125 km @ 284
7 Pipaliya 797 4.5 km @ 333
8 Bharudi 798 3.25 km @ 310
9 Mahika Mota 811 5.125 km @ 272
10 Bhunava 812 2.375 km @ 264
11 Sindhavadar 809 6.875 km @ 260
12 Lunivav 807 9.75 km @ 251
13 Mahika Nana 810 5.75 km @ 241.5
14 Biliyala 813 4.375 km @ 186
15 Umvada Mota 818 7.875 km @ 22016 Nagadka 817 5.875 km @ 19717 Bhojpara 816 6.625 km @ 18318 Shemla 814 3.125 km @ 14419 Pachiyavadar
Gondal
815 5.125 km @ 13520 Khareda 680 6.875 km @ 12521 Rajgadh 679 9.375 km @ 11122 Kotda Sangani 672 7.875 km @ 10223 Soliya 669 6.0 km @ 7424 Naranka 661 9.5 km @ 4425 Ardoi 665 3.875 km @ 4226 Hadamtala 668 2.3 km @ 8627 Anandpar
Kotda Sanghani
664 8.5 km @ 62
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3.2.1 INDUSTRIES WITHIN THE STUDY AREA
M/s. Sam Finechem Ltd. is located in the Hadamtala industrial area which is one
of well developed industrial area in Rajkot. There is approx 500 nos. of industries
of different sizes and categories in the industrial area. The major category of
industries involved in the industrial area are cement, food, textile engineering as
well as synthetic organic chemical manufacturing . Table-3.3 shows the
few of the major industrial units functioning in the area.
Table-3.3: List of few Industries in Hadamtala Industrial AreaSr. No. Name of Industry Type of Industry
1. Devdeep Ginning & Pressing Industries Ginning
2. Shyam Ginning Ginning
3. Radhashyam Ginning Ginning
4. Kailash Ginning Ginning
5. Jalaram Ginning Ginning
6. Goverdhan Core Ginning Pvt. Ltd. Ginning
7. Raghuvir Ginning Pressing Ginning
8. Ashirwad Ginning Pressing Ginning
9. Gil Ginning Pressing Factory Ginning
10. T.T. Ginning Ginning
11. Jagnath Industries Ginning
12. Jalaram Ginning (Bilyada) Ginning
13. Paper Favtory Paper
14. Sagar Cement Cement
15. Royal Cement Cement
16. Manek Cement Cement
17. Trilok Cement Cement
18. Cargo Cement Cement
19. Shree Ganesh Concrete Pvt. Ltd. Cement
20. Micro Tech Cement Cement
21. Polad Cement Pvt. Ltd. Cement
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Sr. No. Name of Industry Type of Industry
22. Power Cement Pvt. Ltd. Cement
23. Shaan Cement Pvt. Ltd. Cement
24. Pyramid Cement Cement
25. Pramukh Cement Cement
26. Nilkanth Concrete Cement
27. Kangaroo Cement Cement
28. Samrat Cement Cement
29. Gaj Sahara Cement Pvt. Ltd. Cement
30. Aum Cotton Cotton
31. K.K. Cotton Cotton
32. Raghuvanshi Cotton Cotton
33. Shree Ram Cotton Cotton
34. Raj Cotton Cotton
35. Cosmos Valves
36. Akash Polymers Plastic
37. Kranti Polymers Plastic
38. Rajkot Poly Pack Pvt. Ltd Plastic
39. Kelvin Plastic Plastic
40. KSP Auto & Forge Pvt. Ltd. Flanch
41. Patel Proteins Food
42. Aims Agro Food
43. Kishan Agro Food
44. Dolat Industries Oil Mill
45. Tirath Agro Engineering
46. Orchev Pharma Pvt. Ltd. Pharmaceutical
47. Endoc pharma Ltd. Pharmaceutical
48. Ascent Pharma Ltd. Pharmaceutical
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3.3 GEOLOGY
General geology of district Rajkot shows the basaltic rock of the deccan trap.
The most common type is fine to medium grained, compact, grayish black,
basalt. Some variants are also not uncommon. Amygdaloidal varieties having
comparatively light colour, softer and more weathered basalt containing
amygdales of zeolites, calcite and quartz is also found.
The rock mass is covered withs an overburden of fine to very fine grained, dark
brownish and blackish brown, clays of high plasticity having approximately 1.0,
thickness followed by moderate to highly weathered and completely fractured
basalt up to around 2.0 m.
The general physical character of the rock may be taken as follows.
Uniaxial compressive strength : 800-2000 kg/cm2
Specific gravity : 2.80-2.95
Unit weight : 2.50-2.75 g/cc
Water absorption : 0.50-0.80 %
Porosity : 5-6 %
Permeability : 1 x 10-12 mm/sec
The general character of rock is best suited as aggregate in concreting for non
bituminous layers in pavements. The safe bearing pressure of such rock is more
than required for common structures. The ground water table in the region is at
a greater depth.
3. 4 METEOROLOGY
The transport and diffusion of the pollutants in the atmosphere is governed by
meteorological factors. Knowledge of meteorological characteristics is
therefore, essential to assess the effect of pollution on the receptors. Moreover,
metrological characteristics of an area are very important in deciding the
project installation, assessing possible environmental impacts and in preparing
environmental management plan. The importance and measurement method
of each meteorological parameter is given in Table-3.4.
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Table-3.4: Meteorological Parameters
Sr.No Parameters Measurement
Method Importance
1. Surface Temperature
Temperature Sensors capable
of giving electrical signals
are used e.g. thermocouples,
resistance thermometers or
thermistors.
Temperature affect the plum rise & it increase the effective height of release and thereby increase dispersion and thus decreases the maximum ground level concentration of the pollutants. It also Influences stability conditions and extent of dispersion of pollutants.
2. Rainfall
Rain gauge as per IS: 5225 is used for the
measurement of rainfall.
Rainwater scrubs the atmospheric pollutants and pollutes surface and groundwater.
3. Relative Humidity
RH sensors giving electrical signals
are use e.g. hydrometer.
Moisture provides surface area for suspended particulate matter to coalesce and grow in the size and settle under the influence of gravity. It also enhances the chemical reactions of the gaseous pollutant High humidity is associated with
Lowered visibility for water vapour plumes Possible acid mist formation
4. Wind Speed
Totalizing type Anemometer is
used to measure the wind speed.
Determines initial dispersion of air pollution
5. Wind Direction
Wind vane is used to measure the wind direction
and wind direction
fluctuation.
Determines downward geometry
6.Atmospheric
Stability Condition
Determined from surface
observations on wind speed,
cloud cover and solar radiations
Determines plume spread associated with turbulent motions in the atmosphere
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The meteorological data were collected for Rajkot district from Book “Climate
of Gujarat” published by Indian Metrological Department, Government of India
– 1995 for temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind direction, wind speed, &
cloudiness. The summary of these parameters are given in Table-3.5 &
represented in Graph 3.1(A) to 3.1(E).
Whole season of one year is divided in four sub season as Cold season, from
December to February is followed by the hot season from March to May, while
period from June to September is Monsoon and October to November is Post
monsoon for the study of climates of this district.
Table – 3.5: Summary of Meteorological Parameters
Temp(oC) Wind Direction Humidity
(%) Cloudiness
(Okta) Month
Max Min M E M E M E
Avg.Wind
Speed(m/sec)
RainfallAverage
(mm)
January 28.1 10.7 NE NE/N 51 22 1.3 1.4 13.1 1.0
February 30.7 13.1 - NW/W 57 19 1.4 1.3 13.6 1.3
March 35.3 17.2 NW/N NW 63 17 1.6 1.4 16.6 1.6
April 38.8 21.3 W/NW NW/W 66 18 1.5 1.4 19.7 1.5
May 40.5 24.7 SW/W N 72 27 2.1 1.7 26.2 10.0
Jun 37.8 26.2 SW SW/W 76 48 4.7 4.7 28.1 100.0
July 32.6 21.9 SW SW/W 85 68 63 6.7 28.3 239.5
August 31.6 24.0 SW SW/N 86 65 6.3 6.7 23.2 157.0
September 32.9 22.9 SW/W W/SW 85 57 4.2 5.1 17.4 90.0
October 35.4 20.9 NW NE/NW 70 31 1.8 2.3 12.1 23.7
November 33.2 16.5 NE NE 50 24 1.2 1.4 10.6 4.8
December 29.6 12.3 NE NE/N 49 25 1.3 1.3 11.3 1.2
ANNUAL 33.9 19.6 SW/W W/NW 67 35 2.8 2.9 18.3 631.6
Note : M = Morning , E= Evening
Source : Climate of Gujarat, Government Of India; Indian Metrological Department-1995
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Graph -3.1 (A) Variation of Temperature
010203040
Jan
Feb
Ma
rA
pr
Ma
yJu
nJu
lA
ug Sep
Oct
No
vD
ec
Month
Tem
pera
ture
oC
M ax. Temp
M in. Temp.
Graph -3.1 (B) Variation of Relative Humidity
0
20
40
60
80
Jan
Feb
Ma
rA
pr
Ma
yJu
nJu
lA
ug Sep
Oct
No
vD
ec
Month
Hum
idity
, %
M orn. Humidity
Eve. Humidity.
Graph–3.1(C): Variation of Average Wind Speed
0
2
4
6
Jan
Feb
Ma
r
Ap
r
May Ju
n
Jul
Aug Se
p
Oct
No
v
Dec
Month
Avg
. Win
d Sp
eed,
m/s
ec
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Graph –3.1(D): Variation of Average Rain Fall
0
50
100
150
200
Jan
Feb
Ma
r
Ap
r
Ma
y
Jun
Jul
Aug Se
p
Oct
No
v
Dec
Month
Avg
.Rai
n fa
ll,m
m
Graph –3.1(E): Variation of Cloudiness
0369
Jan
Feb
Ma
r
Ap
r
Ma
y
Jun
Jul
Aug Se
p
Oct
No
v
Dec
Month
Clo
udin
ess
Morn.CloudinessEve. Cloudiness.
3.4.1 Temperature
The climate of district Rajkot is characterized by a hot summer and dryness in
the non rainy seasons. The period from October to December is a one of
continuous decrease in temperatures. December is generally the coldest month
with the mean daily maximum temperature being 29.6oC & mean daily
minimum temperature is 12.3oC.
The day temperature in May is nearly as highly as in April; the maximum
temperature was observed above 41oC during the summer season as hottest
day. January is the coldest month with the mean daily maximum temperature is
28.1oC and means daily minimum temperature is observed 10.7oC.
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The highest maximum temperature recorded was 47.8oC in May and lowest
minimum temperature recorded was – 0.6oC in January.
3.4.2 Humidity
Humidity is usually high during the monsoon months, generally exceeding 60
percent. Humidity decreases during the post monsoon months. The driest part of
the year is the period of December to April when the relative humidity’s are less
then 15-30 percent mainly in the afternoon period.
In the morning, Maximum relative humidity observed is 86 percent in the month
of August & minimum relative humidity observed is 49 percent in the month of
December.
In the evening, Maximum relative humidity is observed 68 percent in the month
of July and minimum relative humidity is observed 17 percent in the month of
March.
3.4.3 Cloudiness
During the southwest monsoon months, the skies are usually heavily clouded or
overcast. Cloudiness decreases during the post monsoon months. In the rest of
the year the skies are mostly clear or highly clear.
3.4.4 Wind Speed and Wind Direction
Winds blow mostly from the northwesterly direction during the May, April and
southwest monsoon season and early part of the cloud season. In October,
November and December winds are mostly from Northeast direction. In January
and February winds are again from direction between the west and northwest.
Monthly Average Maximum wind speed is observed 28.3 m/Sec in July and
minimum in November is 10.6 m/Sec.
3.4.5 Rainfall
The average rainfall in district is 631.6 mm. About 95% of annual normal rainfall is
received during the monsoon season. About 95% of the annual rainfall is
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received during the southwest monsoon season i.e. from June to September,
July being the month with highest rainfall.
3.5 MICROMETEOROLOGY
Latest Micrometeorological data were collected from Indian Meteorological
Department, Ahmedabad for the study period (October 2009 to December
2009) for nearest meteorological observatory based at Rajkot approximately
22.0 km from the project site to know the prevailing meteorological conditions
with respect to wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, cloudiness &
ambient temperature.
Maximum temperature observed during the study period is 39.20oC in the month
of October where as minimum temperature observed is 11.70oC in the month of
December. Maximum wind speed observed is 36 km/hr (10.0 m/Sec) where as
average wind speed varies from 12.03 to 20.47 km/hr. (0.13-0.24 m/Sec).
Dominant wind direction of the study area observed was from northeast.
Maximum Relative humidity observed is 33.53 % where as minimum humidity
observed is 17.63 %. As the study period is October – December (winter season),
no rain fall is observed.
The three hourly meteorology data for study period is given in Table 3.6(A) &
3.6(B) and represented in Graph 3.2(A) and 3.2(B) & wind rose diagrams
indicating wind speed & direction distribution is represented in Plate - 3.4.
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Table – 3.6(A): Meteorological Observations For study period
Wind Speed, km/hr.Hours of the Day Max. Min. Avg.
%Relative Humidity
CloudCover(Okta)
DominantWind
Direction
2.30 36.0 0.0 12.03 21.88 1.03 NNE
5.30 36.0 0.0 12.70 17.63 1.60 NE
8.30 36.0 0.0 11.51 33.53 1.71 E
11.30 36.0 0.0 13.63 29.12 1.51 E
14.30 36.0 0.0 18.96 19.58 1.55 NE
17.30 36.0 0.0 20.47 18.42 1.55 NE
20.30 36.0 0.0 18.86 25.41 1.00 NE
23.30 36.0 0.0 16.60 18.25 1.17 NE
Table – 3.6(B): Temperature during Study Period
Temperature, °C Month
Max. Min. Avg. October 39.20 38.30 32.8
November 22.08 14.80 11.70
December 27.45 26.37 22.70
Graph –3.2(A): Wind Speed during Study Period
0.005.00
10.0015.0020.0025.0030.0035.0040.00
2.30
5.30
8.30
11.3
0
14.3
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Graph –3.2(B): Temperature during Study Period
0.005.00
10.0015.0020.0025.0030.0035.0040.0045.00
March april May
Month
Tem
pera
ture
in °C
Max. Min. Avg.
3.6 ATMOSPHERIC INVERSION LEVEL & MIXING HEIGHT
Nearest IMD station form the project site is Rajkot, which is about 22.0 km away
from the project site. Atmospheric inversion level is not recorded at any IMD
station in Gujarat including Rajkot. Instead of this, mixing height data has been
procured for Ahmedabad IMD station from National Data Centre, Indian
Meteorological Department, Pune for the one year. These data has been
summarized in the following Table-3.7 and used for the mathematical modeling
to calculate Ground Level Concentrations (GLC), which is discussed in the
Section – 4.3.2.
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Table -3.7: Mixing Height Data for the Study AreaJan Feb March April May June Day
Of the Month MIX(M) MIX(E) MIX(M) MIX(E) MIX(M) MIX(E) MIX(M) MIX(E) MIX(M) MIX(E) MIX(M) MIX(E)
1. 286.6 1080.1 308.8 1022.9 323.1 3097.0 409.9 2599.1 194.0 3132.0 250.5 2030.3
2. 572.6 1462.2 345.0 2016.8 421.3 1027.0 214.1 2010.5 345.0 3133.9 485.8 3700.7
3. 476.1 1981.4 322.9 1046.4 574.7 986.4 259.8 2511.8 708.4 1540.5 196.3 2540.1
4. N.A. N.A. 236.4 1540.6 439.6 1131.6 513.6 1072.1 617.0 1522.2 N.A. N.A.
5. 349.7 1642.4 671.8 1496.6 551.9 1375.2 N.A. N.A. 418.4 1443.3 483.7 1510.6
6. 248.8 546.0 244.2 1448.9 223.6 1508.3 380.2 3700.9 421.9 2577.1 937.1 1936.3
7. 304.4 663.6 206.1 1560.6 206.6 2530.2 214.6 4391.7 352.6 2579.5 1402.6 2280.8
8. 368.5 1514.1 120.5 961.4 492.2 2135.4 1058.7 2640.5 493.0 3795.5 N.A. N.A.
9. N.A. N.A. 197.2 2576.7 210.3 3258.7 358.2 4382.5 296.7 3953.5 189.8 2055.1
10. 226.8 413.6 270.4 2019.4 322.6 3057.1 236.6 3725.9 222.2 3155.6 N.A. N.A.
11. 406.4 1007.0 208.1 1970.8 289.0 3157.9 322.3 3922.5 181.3 652.5 445.7 1975.3
12. 274.2 709.2 242.3 2066.3 357.4 3040.1 520.2 4421.7 194.9 3747.9 928.2 2147.1
13. 304.1 665.6 152.2 1952.7 335.7 2630.5 312.8 2021.0 608.4 1199.9 249.0 1959.3
14. 247.8 617.0 147.2 1961.6 306.3 2037.1 551.2 2126.5 669.5 3739.2 457.3 2068.2
15. 292.3 1183.5 171.0 2039.2 277.1 2581.6 N.A. N.A. 281.9 1451.0 1418.0 3129.9
16. 216.1 617.2 123.9 2116.0 515.1 3075.1 325.0 964.5 619.1 3820.1 N.A. N.A.
17. 197.8 499.3 319.0 637.0 361.2 1987.5 969.4 2074.7 572.7 4474.3 485.6 1028.0
18. 278.8 1499.9 348.7 1516.9 505.4 1980.5 1443.0 3094.4 598.4 1553.9 447.4 69.1
19. 370.4 2720.2 N.A. N.A. 376.2 2645.4 477.3 1486.4 939.7 2030.3 457.9 593.1
20. 287.2 2533.1 238.7 647.4 490.1 2974.5 330.6 2114.7 768.8 1564.6 223.6 115.9
21. 275.5 1107.7 304.3 1630.3 228.7 2595.2 290.2 2544.2 602.4 1509.6 389.1 1403.6
22. 263.2 1010.9 166.4 1589.6 406.0 2583.1 235.8 3132.0 1041.8 2000.6 225.0 996.5
23. 132.7 431.4 160.7 690.9 502.8 3268.7 244.0 2071.0 1227.6 2499.0 893.7 1611.1
24. 213.8 1455.4 168.9 977.9 324.9 2154.5 324.2 2571.9 493.2 1041.7 N.A N.A
25. 156.7 473.5 174.4 1011.7 284.4 2570.8 536.9 2509.6 757.9 2024.8 1486.0 2466.6
26. 245.5 2523.6 264.1 2014.4 343.9 3111.2 751.2 3769.6 581.9 2074.2 935.8 1975.2
27. 275.6 3092.6 261.6 1485.8 222.3 993.8 304.1 1431.4 504.0 1470.5 202.4 1491.0
28. 258.9 583.0 229.7 984.6 235.2 1486.1 230.0 3196.1 780.8 2589.9 247.5 416.6
29. 357.0 2067.4 -- -- 369.9 1994.7 524.8 4438.7 590.2 1571.2 247.9 1495.3
30. 386.4 1812.8 -- -- 601.0 2513.8 199.6 3762.5 289.9 1999.0 N.A. N.A.
31. 494.7 581.7 -- -- 266.7 2597.4 -- -- 190.3 1007.9 250.5 2030.3
*MIX(M) : Morning Mixing Height (in Meters) MIX(E) : Evening Mixing Height (in Meters)
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July August September October November December Day Of the Month MIX(M) MIX(E) MIX(M) MIX(E) MIX(M) MIX(E) MIX(M) MIX(E) MIX(M) MIX(E) MIX(M) MIX(E)
1. 1384.2 2077.7 N.A. N.A. N.A N.A 586.5 1477.2 228.9 2270.4 262.7 668.8
2. 420.0 N.A 470.3 468.7 503.1 935.3 419.7 1575.2 157.1 2020.2 182.2 1016.6
3. 329.0 671.5 298.6 267.9 N.A N.A 411.1 3140.4 323.0 2711.4 N.A N.A
4. 363.7 944.2 1038.4 521.2 N.A N.A 292.9 1473.1 383.8 2556.9 177.1 740.5
5. 1368.2 1513.4 194.9 308.2 227.1 450.0 407.7 2140.7 200.9 450.9 170.8 1470.8
6. 635.6 1069.7 474.5 1423.7 226.8 988.0 332.2 964.6 N.A. N.A. 195.4 2082.9
7. 486.6 111.7 295.9 495.8 466.3 1945.8 N.A. N.A. 355.1 2590.7 192.7 1517.9
8. 470.9 22.4 465.2 1001.9 219.2 995.9 335.6 1984.3 210.0 977.0 155.8 535.2
9. 615.1 1042.9 926.8 955.7 462.5 1525.5 169.8 373.3 262.7 2554.7 213.3 1097.5
10. 941.3 429.1 N.A. N.A. 221.1 933.6 387.9 3083.8 N.A. N.A. 250.0 990.1
11. 484.3 N.A. N.A. N.A. 189.3 1066.0 394.3 3062.9 209.2 2010.1 200.7 981.5
12. N.A N.A. 524.2 1409.3 445.3 1561.4 425.2 1566.8 164.3 1543.1 164.4 492.8
13. 449.4 540.1 508.8 1460.1 514.1 1952.0 229.4 781.8 203.1 1515.2 222.2 989.7
14. 485.4 525.1 462.2 611.9 510.1 2127.0 243.4 573.5 333.8 2756.3 N.A N.A
15. 431.2 458.3 285.0 578.6 196.5 592.4 161.2 494.9 N.A N.A 225.3 514.6
16. N.A N.A 521.3 1412.2 498.4 551.4 211.7 1488.0 314.4 2007.4 237.4 995.3
17. 427.1 200.7 509.8 1040.6 191.7 1460.4 343.9 2023.2 217.7 1006.3 226.4 724.0
18. 452.9 507.8 952.9 1493.2 215.6 966.7 224.6 978.3 N.A. N.A. 296.5 1153.6
19. 510.9 517.0 426.8 1510.2 206.5 106.9 489.0 3144.4 N.A. N.A. 285.4 1197.9
20. 570.5 1076.9 285.0 464.2 199.0 54.9 191.9 522.5 288.3 1489.2 319.3 1037.0
21. N.A N.A 297.7 618.8 165.9 146.2 314.8 2504.6 163.8 1060.0 302.9 1084.0
22. 526.5 923.6 1452.3 2457.6 481.0 954.0 206.9 2620.0 213.1 1021.1 233.8 530.7
23. 961.5 411.3 1765.8 1817.9 185.4 789.4 260.1 1511.5 N.A. N.A. 272.4 1063.0
24. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 184.6 1066.9 200.4 649.6 209.8 551.7 200.4 2027.3
25. 450.6 85.5 266.5 446.1 190.3 1460.9 201.6 3211.0 367.9 1620.4 431.1 1045.1
26. 1359.0 898.8 N.A. N.A. 248.4 1456.3 166.9 3757.8 225.6 1514.3 311.2 1479.2
27. 263.0 149.3 269.7 180.9 183.8 1521.0 556.7 3199.5 152.5 476.5 374.1 1110.3
28. N.A. N.A. 515.2 940.8 236.5 1454.8 212.7 1009.0 N.A N.A 290.8 510.3
29. 438.2 150.3 261.0 486.4 184.1 450.5 216.3 457.1 213.0 1101.5 246.7 573.3
30. N.A N.A 551.2 528.2 555.3 1953.8 2623.0 2912.9 332.9 1592.4 429.3 1158.2
31. 933.5 1963.0 251.6 572.1 -- -- 350.3 2141.2 -- -- 203.0 1206.7
* MIX(M) : Morning Mixing Height (in Meters) MIX(E) : Evening Mixing Height (in Meters)
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3.7 SELECTION OF MONITORING STATIONS
The following criteria were taken into account while deciding the location for
environmental surveillance.
Topography of the study area
Regional background
Populated and sensitive areas
Predominant wind direction
Based on the above criteria, several locations were selected for the surveillance
of various environmental parameters viz. ambient air, ground water and noise.
The details of these monitoring stations are given in Table- 3.8 and location map
of the stations is depicted in Plate-3.5.
Table - 3.8: Details of Monitoring Station
StationCode Monitoring Stations Location w.r.t
Project Site Sample
Collected For* S1 Project Site ---- A, GW, N
S2 Ardoi 3.9 km @ 42 A, GW, N
S3 Hadamtala 2.3 km @ 86 A, GW, N
S4 Biliyala 4.4 km @ 186 A, GW, N
S5 Mahika Nana 5.7 km @ 241.5 A, GW, N
S6 Mahika Mota 5.1 km @ 272 A, GW, N
S7 Veri Talav 4.2 km @ 156 SW
S8 NH-8B 3.9 km @ 186 N
S9 SH-233 3.7 km @ 42 N
*Note : A – Ambient Air, GW - Ground water, SW - Surface water, N - Noise
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3.8 AIR ENVIRONMENT
The ambient air quality status with respect to the specific (identified) pollutants
across the study zone of 5 km radial distance from the project site during study
period will form the base line information over which the predicted impacts due
to the proposed project can be superimposed to find out the net (final) impacts
(post-project scenario) on air environment. If the final impacts due to the
project activities are known at the planning stage of the project, a viable
Environmental Management Plan (EMP) can be prepared based on impact
assessment for the air environment. The ambient air quality monitoring was
carried out in accordance with guidelines and National Ambient Air Quality
Standards (NAAQS) of MoEF & CPCB.
3.8.1 Frequency of Sampling & Testing Procedures
All the monitoring stations were monitored twice in a week i.e. two consecutive
days in a week, throughout the monitoring duration over the period of October
2010 to December 2010 i.e. 24 samples were collected from each station based
on MoEF/CPCB guidelines. The sampling was carried out for 24 hours at each
station.
The parameters determined for each sample are:
1) Particulate Matter (PM10)
2) Sulphur Dioxide(SO2)
3) Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
4) Hydrocarbon (HC)
5) Volatile Organic Carbon (VOC)
The sampling and testing of ambient air quality parameters were carried out as
per relevant parts of IS: 5182. The details of testing procedures adopted are
given in Table – 3.9.
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Table – 3.9: Details of Testing Procedures
Parameter Testing Procedure
PM10 Gravimetric Method Using Respirable Dust Sampler
SO2Improved West and Gaeke method (IS:5182,Part II, R-2001)
NOx Jacob & Hochheiser modified (Na-Arsenite) Method (IS: 5182, Part VI, R-1998)
Hydrocarbon Organic Vapour Sampler with Glass Canister & Gas Chromatograph IS : 5182 (Part- XVII)-1979
VOC (Benzene)
Organic Vapour Sampler with Glass Canister & Gas Chromatograph
3.8.2 Ambient Air Monitoring Results
The summary of ambient air quality measured during study period is given in
Table-3.10 for different parameters and observed range of parameters have
been compared with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards given in
Annexure – XXII.
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Table – 3.10: Summary of Ambient Air Quality Results
Concentration ( μg/Nm3 )Parameters StationCode Min. Max. Avg. S.D 98 %tile NAAQs*
S1 60.0 80.0 67.6 5.0 79.1 100 S2 19.0 39.0 25.9 6.8 38.5 100 S3 30.0 48.0 37.9 5.1 46.6 100 S4 52.0 68.0 58.6 4.5 67.5 100 S5 41.0 57.0 48.9 5.1 56.5 100
Particulate Matter (PM10)
S6 25.0 35.0 29.1 2.8 34.5 100
S1 55.0 60.0 57.3 1.5 59.5 80 S2 20.0 28.0 24.4 2.4 28.0 80 S3 40.0 49.0 44.7 2.7 49.0 80 S4 50.0 55.0 52.7 1.7 55.0 80 S5 45.0 50.0 47.1 1.6 50.0 80
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2 )
S6 30.0 39.0 35.3 2.3 39.0 80
S1 40.0 50.0 45.5 3.6 50.0 80 S2 36.0 44.0 40.8 1.9 43.5 80 S3 22.0 37.0 30.8 4.7 37.0 80 S4 39.0 49.0 44.8 2.7 48.5 80 S5 24.0 33.0 29.5 2.8 33.0 80
Oxides Of Nitrogen
(NOx)
S6 25.0 29.0 27.1 1.4 29.0 80
VOC (Benzene) S1 1.10 3.10 1.91 0.55 3.01 5
Hydro Carbon S1 39.0 52.0 45.9 3.8 51.5 160
Concentration of VOC & HC at all other monitoring location is below detectable limit. *National Ambient Air Quality Standards published by MoEF, New Delhi vide G.S.R. 826 (E), dated 16/11/2009.
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3.8.3 OBSERVATION
The maximum concentration of PM10, SO2, NOx, & VOC (Benzene) at each
ambient air monitoring locations are compared with National Ambient Air
Quality Standards (NAAQS) for industrial, residential, rural and other area. The
concentration of HC is compared with GPCB norms for Air quality Standards.
Following comments can be highlighted from the ambient air monitoring results,
1) The maximum concentration as well as 98 percentile concentration of
PM10, SO2, & NOx at Project Site (S1) is well below the NAAQS.
2) The concentration of PM10 at all monitoring locations including project site
is in the range of 25.0 – 80.0 μg/Nm3 which is well below the NAAQS.
3) The SO2 concentration at all the monitoring locations including project site
is in the range of 20.0 – 60.0 μg/Nm3 and it is well below the NAAQS.
4) The NOx at all the monitoring locations including project site is in the range
of 22.0 – 50.0 μg/Nm3. The NOx concentration all the locations are well
within the NAAQS.
5) The VOC (Benzene) concentration at project site is in the range of 1.10-
3.10 μg/Nm3 and it is well below the NAAQS. VOC at all other monitoring
location is below detectable limit.
6) HC concentration at project site is in the range of 39.0-52.0 μg/Nm3 and it
is well below the GPCB Limit. HC concentration at all monitoring location is
well below the detectable limit.
3.9 WATER ENVIRONMENT
Studies on Water Environment aspects of ecosystem is important for
Environmental Impact Assessment to identify sensitive issues and take
appropriate action by maintaining ecological homeostasis in the early stages of
development of the project. Physical, chemical and biological factors
influencing water quality are so interrelated that a change in any one
parameter will change a complete network of variables. The baseline quality of
water in the region is established by analyzing the present water sources in the
study area during the study period.
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3.9.1 Geo-Hydrological Status of the study area
From Geo-hydrological study of the rregion shows that surface water as well
ground water flow direction is almost from Northeast to Southwest direction.
Sub-surface Geological cross- section which was drawn in the river flow
direction in the region shows that, it comprises predominantly of sand with
presence of intervening clay layers locally at places. It has limited lateral extent.
There is no continuity of clay beds with the adjacent areas. Clays are not
perfectly impervious and therefore it does not act as a perfect confining clay
bed/layer between two aquifer systems forming confined condition. Moreover,
regional as well as local aquifers in northern and north eastern part of the
present study area are leaky aquifer. Therefore, wherever and whenever
possible, adequate care need to be taken to restrict / control leakage of
waste water, if any, from waste storage site into upper unconfined aquifer.
The presence of leaky clay layer and its limited extent is likely to enhance or
accelerate the process of direct entry of pollutant into sub- surface aquifer
system, if adequate care is not taken at the time of construction of land fill
/waste storage site.
Studies on water environment aspects of ecosystem is important for
Environmental Impact Assessment to identify sensitive issues and take
appropriate action by maintaining ecological homeostasis in the early stages
of development of the project. Physical, chemical and biological factors
influencing water quality are so interrelated that a change in any one
parameter will change a complete network of variables. The baseline quality of
water in the region is established by analyzing the present water sources in the
study area during the period.
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3.9.2 Water Resources
The major source of water available in the study area is ground water. Surface
water sources are also available somewhere in the study area, however those
are non-perennial.
Surface water: Veri Talav is the surface water source in the study area and the
sample was collected once during the study period. It is approximately 4.25 km
in East direction from the project site. There are some surface water sources like
seasonal lake/village pond in the study area but none of them is perennial
source. People are using this non-perennial surface water for domestic activities
other than the drinking purpose.
Ground Water: Water samples were collected from six locations including
project site for ground and one location for surface water once during the study
period. The sampling and testing of water quality parameters were carried out
as per relevant IS: 2488 (Part I to V) ‘Methods for sampling and testing of
Industrial effluents, IS: 3025 ‘Methods for sampling and testing of water and
waste water’ and Standard Methods for Examination Of Water And Wastewater
Analysis published by American Public Health Association (APHA).
3.9.3 Water Monitoring Results
The surface and ground water quality results are depicted in Table- 3.11 which is
compared with drinking water standards IS-10500 and reproduced as Annexure
– XXIII.
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Table – 3.11: Water Monitoring Results for Study AreaIS: 10500 Sr.
No. ParameterDesirable Max.
Permissible
S1 GW
S2GW
S3GW
S4GW
S5GW
S6GW
S7SW
1 pH 6.5 – 8.5 Norelaxation 7.5 7.6 7.8 7.2 7.9 7.5 7.4
2 Temperature, ˚C -- -- -- 32 35 40 38 33 32
3 Turbidity, NTU 5 10 7 5.7 5 5.8 6.4 4.6 6.7
4 Suspended Solids -- -- -- 8 10 9 7 8 11
5 Dissolved Solids 500 2000 850 790 668 890 650 710 426
6Total Hardness As CaCO3
300 600 560 534 460 539 509 396 274
7 Calcium (as Ca+2) 75 200 150 138 121 135 128 109 52
8 Magnesium (As Mg+2) 30 100 45 48 42 38 46 30 35
9 Alkalinity 200 600 50 35 32 45 36 41 20
10 Chlorides (as Cl-2) 250 1000 283 263 223 297 217 237 142
11 Sulphates (as SO4-2) 200 400 60 65 55 75 61 70 35
12 Nitrates (as NO3-) 45 100 10 15 12 18 11 14 7
13 Fluorides (as F-) 1 1.5 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.2
14 Sodium (as Na) -- -- -- 75 98 65 89 102 50
15 Potassium (as K) -- -- -- 4 2 3 6 8 35
16 Iron (as Fe) 0.3 1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.05
17 Total Nitrogen -- -- 10.9 12.1 13.7 11.5 13.2 11.8 BDL
18 Phenolic Compound 0.001 0.002 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
19 COD -- -- 6 9 14 11 10 8.5 19 20 BOD -- -- 3.8 5.6 4.2 3.8 4.8 3.6 6.9
21 Chromium (as Cr+6) 0.05 No
relaxation BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
22 Copper(as Cu) 0.05 1.5 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
23 Lead (as Pb) 0.05 No
relaxation BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
24 Zinc (as Zn) 5 15 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
All units are expressed in mg/L except pH, Temperature & Turbidity BDL: Below Detectable Limit, GW: Ground Water, SW: Surface water
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3.9.4 Quality of Water
The following comments are derived based on water monitoring results,
1) At the project the site the water supply will be through own bore well and
the quality of water is analyzed which shows that all the parameters are well
below the desirable limit.
2) The pH for water sample is found to be in the range of 7.2 – 7.9 during the
monitoring period, which is in the range of desirable limit.
3) The TDS concentration for ground water sample at the project site is 850
mg/L and at other than the project site is in the range of 650 – 900 mg/L and
which is higher compared to desirable level of 500 mg/L. However, the TDS
concentrations are well below the maximum permissible level of 2000 mg/L.
TDS concentration for surface water is 426 mg/L.
4) The total hardness found is in the range of 274 – 560 mg/L for water samples.
The total hardness at all the location is higher compared to desirable level of
300 mg/L but it is well within the maximum permissible level of 600 mg/L and
hence can be used for drinking purpose in absence of any other alternate
source.
5) The chloride concentration for water sample is in the range of 142 – 297
mg/L, which is well below the maximum permissible level of 1000 mg/L.
6) The Sulphate concentration for water sample is in the range of 35 – 75 mg/l
which is well within desirable limits.
7) The mineral such as iron is well below the maximum permissible limits of 1
mg/L.
8) The concentration of Phenolic compound, copper, chromium, Zinc and lead
at all the location is in the range of BDL. Hence it can be used for drinking
water in absence of alternate source of water.
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3.10 NOISE ENVIRONMENT
The physical description of sound concerns its loudness as a function of
frequency. Noise in general is sound which is composed of many frequency
components of various loudness distributed over the audible frequency range.
Various noise scales have been introduced to describe, in a single number, the
response of an average human being to a complex sound made up of various
frequencies at different loudness levels. The most common and heavily favored
of this scale is the weighted decibel (dBA). This scale has been designed to
weigh the various components of noise according to the response of the
human ear.
The impact of noise sources on surrounding community depends on
characteristics of the noise sources (instantaneous, intermittent or continuous in
nature). It is well known that a steady noise is not as annoying as one that is
continuously varying in loudness. The time of day at which noise occurs, for
example loud noise levels at night in residential areas are not acceptable
because of sleep disturbance. The location of the noise source, with respect to
noise sensitive land use, which determines the loudness and period of noise
exposure. The environmental impact of noise can have several effects varying
from Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) to annoyance depending on loudness
of noise levels. The objective of the noise pollution survey around the project site
was to identify the existing noise sources and to measure the background noise
levels.
The noise monitoring was carried out at eight locations including six monitoring
locations (S1-S6), one location at State Highway No. 233 and one at National
Highway No. 8B to measure ambient noise levels. The monitoring was carried
out at SH and NH to find out the impact of noise due to vehicular traffic. The
noise monitoring work was carried out at the above locations, with the
monitoring frequency of once during the study period for a period of about 60
minutes during daytime and nighttime.
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3.10.1 Noise Monitoring Results
The range of noise levels at various locations in the study area is given in Table-
3.12 and a noise standard recommended by CPCB and Damage risk criteria for
hearing loss given by Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is
given in Annexure –XXIV.
Table – 3.12: Noise Monitoring Results for Study Area
Noise Level (dBA) Ambient Noise Standards, (dBA)*
Day Time Night Time Station Code
Name of Location
Min Max Leq Min Max Leq DayTime
Night Time Category of Area
S1 Project Site 45.0 60.0 54.5 30.0 45.0 37.5 75 70 Industrial Ares
S2 Ardoi 35.0 43.0 40.0 30.0 40.0 34.3 55 45 Residential Area
S3 Hadamtala 30.0 34.0 32.3 31.0 35.0 33.3 55 45 Residential Area
S4 Bilyala 32.0 40.0 36.3 24.0 30.0 26.8 55 45 Residential Area
S5 Mahika Nana 50.0 65.0 57.5 24.0 29.0 26.5 55 45 Residential Area
S6 Mahika Mota 43.0 59.0 49.8 23.0 27.0 25.3 55 45 Residential Area
S8 NH-8B 55.0 60.0 57.0 52.0 60.0 55.3 65 55 Commercial Area
S9 SH-233 58.0 60.0 59.3 52.0 52.0 56.0 65 55 Commercial Area
Notes:
1. Day time shall mean from 6.00 am to 10.00 pm.
2. Night time shall mean from 10.00 pm to 6.00 am.
* Ambient Noise standard published by MoEF, New Delhi vide Notification SO.123 (E) dated 14/02/2000, Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 under EPA’86
3.10.2 Comments
1) The noise levels measured at project site (S1) for daytime and nighttime
are well within the noise level standards for Industrial area.
2) The noise levels (Leq) measured at monitoring location (S2 to S6) is in the
range of 37.5-54.5 and 34.3-40.0 during daytime and nighttime
respectively which is well below the noise level standard prescribe by
CPCB.
3) The noise level (Leq) at National Highway -8B(S8) and State Highway -233
(S9) nearer to villages Bhojpara & Ardoi respectively and in the study area
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of 5 Km is higher because of heavy vehicular traffic both during day and
nighttime.
4) Assessment of existing noise level within premises revealed that adequate
control measures are taken by the industries to control the noise within the
plant premises and monitoring data also shows that noise within the
industrial premise is well below compare to noise level standard given by
OSHA to avoid noise damage to workers.
3.11 LAND USE PATTERN
Land cover inventories form an essential component in land resource
evaluation and environmental studies. The pattern and transformations of land
use/land cover is more pronounced in urban areas, mining areas, along
transportation networks and many more. Land use in general, shows the human
beings activities on land, whereas the word land cover indicates the
vegetation, agricultural and artificial man made structures covering the land
surfaces.
Identification of land uses and vegetation cover, in the vicinity of any
developmental activity is one of the most important components for a rapid
environmental impact assessment, which would help determine the impact of
the project developmental activities on the land use pattern.
To determine the baseline land use pattern at and around the proposed
project site, the required data have been obtained from published government
records i.e. Census Handbook of District Rajkot (2001) issued by the State
Government covering Hadamtala Taluka.
Remote sensing data is also used to determine land use/land cover pattern in
the study area. Remote sensing method is used because of having capacity to
provide synoptic and repetitive data at different scale. It provides unique
opportunity to study the assessment of distribution and condition of land use
and land cover changes in time and at regional and macro level.
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3.11.1 Land Use/ Land Cover As Per the Census Record
The major land use classification of the study area is placed into forest, irrigated
by source, unirrigated land, cultivable wasteland and area not available for
cultivation. The land use pattern of the study area is as given in Table – 3.13 and
graphical presentation is shown in Graph – 3.3.
Table – 3.13: Land Use Pattern of the Study AreaArea under Different Types of Land use in Hacters
Taluka Villages
Fore
st A
rea
Irrig
ated
by
sour
ce
Unirr
igat
ed
Cul
tura
ble
Was
te
Are
a no
t av
aila
ble
for
culti
vatio
n
Tota
l Are
a
Gundasara 0.00 148.10 888.60 109.80 74.30 1,220.8 Ribda 0.00 46.10 997.30 94.30 59.20 1,196.9
Rib 0.00 75.00 460.60 172.50 326.00 1,034.1 Mungavavdi 8.10 220.10 5849.40 550.90 26.00 6,654.5
Daliya 0.00 610.20 397.50 91.10 11.50 1,110.3 Valadhari 121.30 414.00 325.70 163.60 2.60 1,027.2 Pipaliya 4.00 33.20 567.30 195.50 15.70 815.7 Bharudi 0.00 18.00 489.70 53.20 142.80 703.7
Mahika Mota 0.00 43.20 503.40 0.00 98.90 645.5 Bhunava 0.00 74.10 652.90 87.90 3.00 817.9
Sindhavadar 0.00 24.00 391.70 26.40 129.00 571.1 Lunivav 0.00 947.80 114.00 120.30 5.60 1,187.7
Mahika Nana 0.00 164.70 343.10 51.70 88.20 647.7 Biliyala 0.00 200.70 557.90 80.00 53.80 892.4
Umvada Mota 0.00 149.30 654.50 60.50 0.00 864.3 Nagadka 14.70 7.40 411.90 7.80 68.40 510.2 Bhojpara 17.80 52.60 284.50 176.00 321.40 852.3 Shemla 0.00 243.20 490.20 52.80 146.20 932.4
Gon
dal
Pachiyavadar 0.00 105.70 445.20 0.00 73.40 624.3 Khareda 0.00 568.40 164.60 177.50 33.10 943.6 Rajgadh 0.00 410.60 290.20 63.20 5.70 769.7
Kotda Sangani 47.40 686.40 422.20 817.10 167.60 2,140.7 Soliya 0.00 270.20 252.40 63.00 117.30 702.9
Naranka 215.10 255.00 294.30 113.20 6.30 883.9 Ardoi 0.00 419.70 1770.60 401.00 80.20 2,671.5
Hadamtala 0.00 191.90 241.90 80.00 346.20 860.0 Kotd
a Sa
ngan
i
Anandpar 0.00 80.00 333.30 33.00 139.30 585.6 Total 428.4 6459.6 18594.9 3842.3 2541.7 31866.9
Percentage 1.34 20.27 58.35 12.06 7.98 100.0
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Graph 3.3 Land Use Pattern (0-10 km)
Area not available
for Cultivation,
7.08%Cultivable
waste, 12.13%
Unirrigated,59.19%
Irrigated bySource, 20.21%
Forest Area,1.38%
3.11.2 Land Use/ Land Cover as per Remote sensing data
Land use and land cover information of the study area of 10 km around the
proposed site and surrounding in Kotda Sanghani Taluka, district of Rajkot, has
been mapped using the digital data dated 2nd Nov. 2007 of IRS P6 LISS IV MX
sensor of the IRS series of satellite having resolution of 5.8 meter. Various major
categories like built up land, agriculture, wasteland, water body, etc were
identified and mapped. Data has been corrected geometrically and
radiometrically and this corrected data has been used for classifying the image.
The land use/ land cover statistics is shown in Table – 3.14. The satellite image of
land use/ land cover is given in Drawing 3.1(A) and its interpretation is given in
Drawing 3.1(B).
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Drawing 3.1 (A) : Satellite Image Within 10 Km Radial Distance From Project Site
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____
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Table – 3.14 : Land Use Pattern as per Remote Sensing Data
Sr.No. Category Particular Area, Ha. % of total
AreaBuilt – up residential 1078.73 2.38 1. Build up Land
Built – up industrial 952.54 2.11
Crop 18111.42 40.04 2. Agriculture land
Fallow 16250.14 35.93
Open scrub 7356.99 16.27 3. Wastelands
Dense Scrub 250.47 0.55
Water body 907.01 2.01 4. Water bodies
River 322.9 0.71
Total 45230.21 100
3.11.3 Cropping Pattern
The cropping pattern in the study area can be analyzed by the data of
cultivation pattern in Rajkot district. The crop calendar for different crops in the
district is given in Table – 3.15.
Table – 3.15: Details of Crops Cultivated in Study AreaD: Rajkot
Area ( In’ 00 Hectares) 2001 Census Sr.No.
Crop
1993 - 94 1997 - 98 1. Wheat 157 430
2. Chillies 19 17
3. Sugarcane 13 8
4. Other Food crops 180 397
5. Cotton 562 1045
6. Grass (Fodder) 59 87
7. Other nonfood crops 153 174
3.11.4 Observations
The distribution of land within 10 km radius of the project site constitutes of
Irrigated land (20.27%), unirrigated land (58.35 %), Cultivable waste (12.06 %)
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and area not available for cultivation (7.98%) and forest land (1.34 %). There is
No reserved forest within 10 km area of the project site.
The major land area of @ 78.39 % is Unirrigated, cultivable and area not
available for cultivation, so people of the study area depend on industrial
activities for their livelihood.
The forest land as per the census record is negligible. As per remote sensing
data agriculture land is @ 75.97% out of which fallow land is 35.93% and as per
the census record agriculture land is only @ 20.27%. Moreover, the land is not
enough / suitable for the agricultural activity. So the proposed industrial activity
will boost up the socio – economic activity of the area.
3.12 ECOLOGY
Producer, consumer and decomposer govern whole cycle of ecology. Plant
and animal both are interdependent to each other. Producer is necessary for
each consumer. Plant plays their role in ecology as producer. Plant, animals
and microorganism together with the environment in which they live make of
an independent unit called the Eco system.
Ecology in essence is the study of the living and non-living components,
interaction of community and the environment and exchange of material
(energy and nutrient) between living and non-living parts. A community
includes all organisms in the given area interacting with the abiotic
environment. Due to the geographic location and climatic conditions of
Gujarat, flora and fauna are not monotonous in nature.
3.12.1 Flora
A floral enlistment of trees, shrub & climbers, herbs with their scientific names,
common names and the family to which they belong are presented in a
tabular format as Table- 3.16 and details of rare and endangered flora species
is given in Table 3.17.
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Table- 3.16: Floral Species In Rajkot District
Sr.No Botanical Name Common Name Family
1 Acacia senegal Ghorad -
2 Acacia nilotica Babul Mimosaceae
3 Acacia leucophloea Hermo -
4 Zyziphus sp. Bor Rhamnaceae
5 Boswellia serrata Salad -
6 Wrightia tinctoria Kudi -
7 Commiphora wightii Gugal -
8 Balanites aegyptica Ingoriyo Balanitaceae
9 Sterculia urens Kadaya -
10 Tectona grandis Sisam Fabaceae
11 Butea monosperma Khakhra -
12 Aristida adscensionis Grass -
13 Tetrapogon tenellus Grass -
14 Eremopogon foveolatus Grass -
15 Eragrostis tenella Grass -
Table- 3.17: Rare and Endangered Floral Species In Rajkot District
Sr. No Family Botanical Name Common Name
1. Asteraceae Helichrysum cutchicum -
2. Liliaceae Gloriosa superba Malabar Glory Lily
3. - Nervilia aragoana -
4. Cucrbitaceae Citrullus colocynthis Bitter apple
5. Arecaceae Hyphaene dichotoma -
6. Burseraceae Commiphora wightii -
7. Convolvulaceae Convolvulus stocksii -
8. Boraginaceae Heliotropium bacciferum var. suberosum -
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3.12.2 Fauna
The area supports varied habitats viz. open space, scrub-land, agricultural fields,
wetlands and human settlements. A faunal enlisting of birds & mammals with
their scientific names and common names is presented in Table-3.18 and details
of Rare and endangered species of fauna are given in Table-3.19.
Table – 3.18: Faunal Species in the Rajkot District
No Scientific Name CommonName Family
Status in Schedule of
Wildlife Protection Act
1 Vulpes benghalensis Fox Canidae II 2 Canis aureus Jackal Canidae II 3 Boselaphus
tragocamalus Blue bull III
4 Hyaena hyaena Hyenas Hyaenidae III 5 Sus scrofa Wild Boar III 6 Felis chaus Jungle cat Felidae – 7 Viverricula indica Civet Viverridal II 8 Herpestes
auropunctatus Mongoose Herpestidae IV
9 Lepus nigricollis Hare -10 Calotes versicolor Garden lizard - 11 Varanus griseus Indian monitor Varanidae - 12 Pytas mucosus Rat snake Colubridae II 13 Vipera russelli Viper II 14 Prinia sp. Warbler Muscicapidae - 15 Lanius sp. Shrieks Laniidae - 16 Streptopelia sp. Doves Columbidae - 17 Pycnonotus sp. Bulbul -
18 Patronia xanthocollis Yellow
throatedsparrow
Plocidae -
19 Astrilda sp. Munia Plocidae - 20 Drycopus javensis Woodpecker Picidae - 21 Tephrodornis
pondicerianus Flycatcher Campephagi
dae-
Source: EIC- New Delhi
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Table – 3.19: Rare and Endangered Faunal Species in the Rajkot District
No Scientific Name Common Name 1. Manis crassicaudata Gray Desert; Monitor 2. Varanus griseus Rusty Spotted 3. Felis rubiginosa Geoffroy Long-Eared Hedgehog 4. Hemiechinus auritus(Gmelin) Ratel or Honey BadgerS 5. Mellivora capensis(Schreber) Dalmatian Pelican 6. Pelecanus philippensis crispus Porbandar Saline Gecko 7. Hemidactylus porbandarensis Lined Supple Skink 8. Lygosoma lineata --
3.12.3 Observations
The details of flora and fauna species in the district, which has been collected
and depicted in the above tables, indicate that there are few rare and
endangered floral and faunal species found in the study area.
3.13 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
The assessment of socio economic environment forms an integral part of an EIA
study. This section includes the present status of the socio-economic
environment in the study area. To determine the baseline socio-economic
pattern, at and around the project site, the required data have been obtained
from Published data i.e. District Census Handbook of District Rajkot; issued by
the State Government covering Taluka Gondal, and Kotda sangani.
Socio-economic base line data were collected for the following four major
indicators:
1) Demographic Structure (District Census Handbook, 2001)
2) Economic Structure (District Census CD, 2001)
3) Availability of Basic Amenities (District Census Handbook, 1991)
The major demographic and economic structure classification of the remaining
study area is placed into Population, Literacy Rate and workers details.
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_____________________________________________________________________________________________ Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page: 44 of 56 Chapter 3 Base Line Environmental Status
3.13.1 Demographic Structure
The population details and literacy rate of villages of the study area has been
given in Table-3.20 & Table-3.21 respectively. The population pattern and
literacy rate are shown in Graph – 3.4 (A) & (B) respectively.
Table - 3.20: Details of Population
Population
Talu
ka Villages House-hold Male Female Total
Area (ha)
Area(km2)
Popn
Density Per km2
Gundasara 301 837 812 1649 1,220.80 12.21 135.08 Ribda 262 781 705 1486 1,196.90 11.97 124.15
Rib 224 633 621 1254 1,034.10 10.34 121.26 Mungavavdi 163 484 473 957 749.00 7.49 127.77
Daliya 321 925 935 1860 1,110.10 11.10 167.55
Valadhari 235 593 592 1185 1,027.30 10.27 115.35
Pipaliya 228 652 586 1238 815.60 8.16 151.79
Bharudi 209 574 533 1107 703.70 7.04 157.31
Mahika Mota 234 625 623 1248 645.50 6.46 193.34
Bhunava 202 557 524 1081 817.90 8.18 132.17
Sindhavadar 97 295 264 559 571.10 5.71 97.88
Lunivav 307 797 693 1490 1,187.70 11.88 125.45 Mahika Nana 152 433 421 854 647.70 6.48 131.85
Biliyala 269 832 773 1605 892.40 8.92 179.85 Umvada Mota 204 637 586 1223 864.20 8.64 141.52
Nagadka 114 412 367 779 510.20 5.10 152.69 Bhojpara 188 512 463 975 852.30 8.52 114.40
Shemla 245 772 717 1489 932.50 9.33 159.68
Gon
dal
Pachiyavadar 98 321 312 633 624.30 6.24 101.39 Khareda 328 968 932 1900 943.50 9.44 201.38 Rajgadh 209 554 575 1129 769.70 7.70 146.68
Kotda Sangani 1504 4011 3821 7832 2,322.60 23.23 337.21 Soliya 185 541 498 1039 702.90 7.03 147.82
Naranka 159 465 451 916 883.90 8.84 103.63 Ardoi 575 1614 1489 3103 2,671.60 26.72 116.15 Ko
tda
Sang
ani
Anandpar 192 602 547 1149 1,132.70 11.33 101.44 Total 7314 20783 19691 40474 26415.8 264.16 153.22
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050100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Gundasara
Ribda
Rib
Mungavavdi
Daliya
Valadhari
Pipaliya
Bharudi
Mahika Mota
Bhunava
Sindhavadar
Lunivav
Mahika Nana
Biliyala
Umvada
Nagadka
Bhojpara
Shemla
Pachiyavadar
Khareda
Rajgadh
Kotda
Soliya
Naranka
Ardoi
Hadamtala
Anandpar
Population Density (per sq.Km.)
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_____________________________________________________________________________________________ Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page: 46 of 56 Chapter 3 Base Line Environmental Status
Table - 3.21: Details of Literates in the Study Area
LiteratesTaluka Villages Total Popn
Male Female Total LiteracyRate %
Gundasara 1649 581 486 1067 73.50 Ribda 1486 561 415 976 74.70
Rib 1254 400 323 723 67.50
Mungavavdi 957 355 270 625 75.00 Daliya 1860 683 552 1235 76.30
Valadhari 1185 389 300 689 66.60 Pipaliya 1238 470 332 802 73.60 Bharudi 1107 385 257 642 67.50
Mahika Mota 1248 446 341 787 71.30 Bhunava 1081 408 305 713 75.80
Sindhavadar 559 196 119 315 68.30 Lunivav 1490 569 421 990 76.40
Mahika Nana 854 549 305 854 73.70
Biliyala 1605 625 498 1123 83.00
Umvada Mota 1223 389 265 654 66.30 Nagadka 779 308 224 532 77.40
Bhojpara 975 339 229 568 68.80
Shemla 1489 464 375 839 64.90
Gon
dal
Pachiyavadar 633 251 246 497 88.80 Khareda 1900 645 485 1130 70.30 Rajgadh 1129 416 360 776 77.00
Kotda Sangani 7832 2741 2089 4830 71.80Soliya 1039 379 284 663 73.80
Naranka 916 322 190 512 67.50Ardoi 3103 1139 844 1983 73.80
Hadamtala 1149 602 547 1149 75.60
Kotd
a Sa
ngan
i
Anandpar 734 184 120 304 49.50Total 40474 14796 11182 25978 72.17
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ph.3
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): De
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ate
0102030405060708090100
Gundasara
Ribda
Rib
Mungavavdi
Daliya
Valadhari
Pipaliya
Bharudi
Mahika Mota
Bhunava
Sindhavadar
Lunivav
Mahika Nana
BiliyalaUmvada
MotaNagadka
Bhojpara
Shemla
Pachiyavadar
Khareda
RajgadhKotda
SanganiSoliya
Naranka
Ardoi
Hadamtala
Anandpar
Literacy Rate(%)
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_____________________________________________________________________________________________ Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page: 48 of 56 Chapter 3 Base Line Environmental Status
3.13.2 Economic Structure
Economic aspects of the study area include the economical structure of the
people of the surrounding area. It can be predicted that economic structure of
the study area will be improved with time, because it consists large industrial
area and hence there are more employment opportunities. The geographical
location, natural resources, business and employment, industries and
manpower play vital role in the economic development of any region. The
population can be divided into two groups in terms of employment:
Workers and
Non-workers.
Workers are further categorized into Main workers and Marginal workers.
Main worker: A person who has worked last year for six months or more.
Marginal worker: A person who has worked last year for less than six months.
Non-worker: A worker who did not work at all during the reference period of
one year.
Distribution of main workers, marginal workers and non-workers of total
population is presented in Table - 3.22 (A) and % distribution of each category is
shown in Graph - 3.5(A).
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_____________________________________________________________________________________________ Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page: 49 of 56 Chapter 3 Base Line Environmental Status
Table – 3.22(A) Distributions of Workers in the Study Area
Main Workers Marginal Workers Non Workers
Talu
ka
Village Popn
Total % Total % Total %
Employment Ratio
(%)
Gundasara 1649 625 37.9 27 1.6 997 60.5 39.5
Ribda 1486 584 39.3 49 3.3 853 57.4 42.6Rib 1254 409 32.6 56 4.5 789 62.9 37.1
Mungavavdi 957 399 41.7 87 9.1 471 49.2 50.8Daliya 1860 845 45.4 1 0.1 1014 54.5 45.5
Valadhari 1185 669 56.5 7 0.6 509 43.0 57.0Pipaliya 1238 498 40.2 22 1.8 718 58.0 42.0Bharudi 1107 597 53.9 90 8.1 420 37.9 62.1
Mahika Mota 1248 702 56.3 15 1.2 531 42.5 57.5Bhunava 1081 503 46.5 69 6.4 509 47.1 52.9
Sindhavadar 559 265 47.4 21 3.8 273 48.8 51.2Lunivav 1490 674 45.2 80 5.4 736 49.4 50.6
Mahika Nana 854 342 40.0 66 7.7 446 52.2 47.8Biliyala 1605 774 48.2 63 3.9 768 47.9 52.1
Umvada Mota 1223 342 28.0 125 10.2 756 61.8 38.2Nagadka 779 407 52.2 0 0.0 372 47.8 52.2
Bhojpara 975 502 51.5 4 0.4 469 48.1 51.9
Shemla 1489 509 34.2 284 19.1 696 46.7 53.3
Gon
dal
Pachiyavadar 633 167 26.4 2 0.3 464 73.3 26.7Khareda 1129 486 43.0 126 11.2 517 45.8 54.2Rajgadh 7832 3054 39.0 443 5.7 4335 55.3 44.7
KotdaSangani 1039 502 48.3 26 2.5 511 49.2 50.8
Soliya 916 540 59.0 0 0.0 376 41.0 59.0Naranka 3103 1512 48.7 161 5.2 1430 46.1 53.9
Ardoi 1149 500 43.5 7 0.6 642 55.9 44.1
Kotd
a Sa
ngan
i
Anandpar 734 442 60.2 0 0.0 292 39.8 60.2 Total 40474 17474 43.17 2209 5.5 20791 51.37 49.28
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_____________________________________________________________________________________________ Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page: 50 of 56 Chapter 3 Base Line Environmental Status
Graph.3.5(A):Distribution of workers and non-workers
Main Workers43.16%
Marginal Workers5.6%
Non Workers51.24%
Main workers and marginal workers can be divided into further four categories:
Cultivators
Agricultural labors
Household industry
Other workers
Cultivator: A person who has been engaged either as an employer, single
worker or family worker in cultivation of under noted crops on land owned or
held from Government or private persons or institutions for payment in money,
kind or share in cultivation including supervision of direction of cultivation.
Agricultural labors: A person who works in another person’s land for wages in
cash/kind or share crop is regarded as an Agricultural laborer.
Household industry: An industry conducted by one or more members of the
household at home or within the village in rural areas and within the precincts of
the houses where the household lives in urban areas. It should b smaller than the
scale of a registered factory and should be engaged in manufacturing,
processing, servicing and repairs of goods.
Other Workers: All workers, i.e., those who have been engaged in some
economic activity during the last one year, but are not cultivators or agricultural
laborers or in Household Industry, are 'Other Workers (OW)'. The type of workers
that come under this category of 'OW' include all government servants,
municipal employees, teachers, factory workers, plantation workers, those
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_____________________________________________________________________________________________ Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page: 51 of 56 Chapter 3 Base Line Environmental Status
engaged in trade, commerce, business, transport banking, mining, construction,
political or social work, priests, entertainment artists, etc. In effect, all those
workers other than cultivators or agricultural laborers or household industry
workers are 'Other Workers'. Distribution of main workers and marginal workers in
sub categories is presented in Table-3.22(B) and % distribution of each category
is shown in Graph – 3.5(B).
Table – 3.22(B) Distributions of Workers in each category
Main Workers Marginal Workers
Talu
ka
Village
Cul
tivat
ors
Agr
icul
tura
l la
bour
s
Hous
ehol
d In
dust
ry
Oth
ers
Cul
tivat
ors
Agr
icul
tura
l la
bour
s
Hous
ehol
d In
dust
ry
Oth
ers
Gundasara 372 27 6 220 15 12 0 0 Ribda 312 74 5 193 24 10 1 14
Rib 281 71 2 55 38 13 0 5 Mungavavdi 194 118 7 80 19 14 5 49
Daliya 500 253 19 73 0 1 0 0 Valadhari 398 113 28 130 0 1 1 5 Pipaliya 245 30 5 218 5 6 1 10 Bharudi 402 116 2 77 64 25 1 0
Mahika Mota 436 140 1 125 12 2 0 1 Bhunava 268 67 5 163 11 54 2 2
Sindhavadar 98 128 0 39 3 18 0 0
Lunivav 412 110 46 106 10 45 18 7 Mahika Nana 239 58 0 46 52 11 0 3
Biliyala 375 278 3 118 49 8 3 3 Umvada Mota 178 73 4 87 28 57 2 38
Nagadka 280 25 0 102 0 0 0 0 Bhojpara 141 217 5 139 0 1 1 2 Shemla 258 113 10 128 180 100 2 2
Gon
dal
Pachiyavadar 103 63 0 1 1 1 0 0 Khareda 300 116 1 208 180 159 3 36Rajgadh 313 55 16 102 80 34 0 12
Kotda Sangani 941 787 37 1289 124 256 9 54Soliya 303 113 4 82 17 7 1 1
Naranka 400 74 0 66 0 0 0 0Ardoi 990 253 25 244 106 47 2 6Ko
tda
Sang
ani
Anandpar 254 180 0 8 0 0 0 0 Total 9230 3775 231 4239 1018 888 52 251
% with ref. To population 22.80 9.33 0.57 10.47 2.52 2.19 0.13 0.62
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_____________________________________________________________________________________________ Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment Report Page: 52 of 56 Chapter 3 Base Line Environmental Status
Graph.3.5(B):Distribution of workers in categories
Cultivators, 52%
Agricultural Labours, 23%
House hold Industries, 1%
Others, 24%
3.13.3 Comments
The 51.37% of the total population in the study area are non-workers. So,
proposed project will increase the employment opportunity for the people in
the study area and which will also boost up the socio-economic status.
3.13.4 Availability of Basic Amenities
The basic amenities available in study area with reference to education,
medical, water resources, post and telegraph, communication, power supply is
given in Table – 3.23.
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List of Abbreviations Education Medical
P Primary or Elementary school CWC Chief Welfare Center C College PHS Primary Health Sub-Center S Secondary School PHC Public Health Center
PUC Senior Secondary School TB T.B. Clinic TR Training School O Others
Post & Telegraph RMP Register Private medical Practitioner
PTO Post & Telegraph office HC Health Center
PO Post Office CHW Community Health Worker / Health Worker
PH Telephone connection H Hospital
TO Telegraph office MCW Maternity & Child Welfare Centre
Drinking Water FWC Family Welfare Center` T Tap Water News Paper, MagazineW Well Water N Newspaper TK Tank Water M Magazine O Others CommunicationC Canal BS Bus
TW Tube well Water RS Railway Station HP Hand Pump Approach to Village
Power Supply PR Pucca Road EA Electricity for all purpose MR Mud Road
FP Foot Path
3.13.5 Observations
There are Twenty Six villages within study area of 10-km radius from the center of
cluster. Significant observations with respect to socio-economic environment of
the study area is depicted below,
1) The data shows wide variation in the population of the study area. From
the Table – 3.22(A) it is seen that eight villages have population less than
1000, Kotada Sanghani has maximum population i.e. 7832 while for the
other villages the population ranges from 1039 to 3103.
2) The literacy rate for the study area is 72.17%. The overall literacy is
highest in Pachiyavadar village (88.80 %) whereas it is lowest in village
Anandpar (49.50 %).
3) The details of workers in the study area indicate that 23.69 % of the
population is engaged in agricultural activity, 1.44 % of the people are
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engage in household industrial activity, while 52.06 % of people are
engaged in cultivation and 22.81 % of people are engaged in other
occupation.
4) All villages of the study area have primary school and college.
5) The brief summary of medical facilities available in study area is given as
under,
Maternity & Child Welfare Centre 26
Primary Health Sub-Center 11
Public Health Center 26
Community Health Worker / Health Worker 8
Hospital 27
Family Welfare Center 4
Registered Private Medical Practitioner 3
6) In the study area drinking water facility is good as well water, tube well
water, canal water and hand pump is available almost in all the villages.
7) Post office facility and telephone connection is available in all villages.
8) In the study all the villages are well connected through a network of Pucca
road.
9) Bus and railway station is the main mode of transportation in all villages of
the study area.
10) The electricity is available in all the villages of study area.
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CHAPTER – 4
IDENTIFICATION
AND ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT
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CHAPTER-4 IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT
4.1 PROLOGUE
Impact Identification and prediction is a way of ‘mapping’ the environmental
consequences of the significant aspects of the project and its alternatives.
Several techniques and methodologies are in vogue for predicting anticipated
impacts due to projects on natural and social aspects of the environment.
These predictions are superimposed over the baseline (pre-project) status of the
environment to derive the ultimate scenario of environmental conditions. These
Conditions are then subsequently evaluated for acceptability by screening
them against standards. Based on results of prediction and evaluation, pollution
abatement and control measures in order to mitigate the adverse impacts on
the environment are delineated in an Environmental Management Plan for
further implementation during the construction and commissioning of the
project activities, as well as during the operational phase.
The detailed list of activities described in this report have been taken into
consideration for generation of cause-condition-effect network, for
identification & prediction of the environmental impacts that would be
stimulated by the proposed activity.
Prediction involves determination of the nature and extent of the probable
impacts due to the proposed activities or the actions involved in the project.
Here it is determined, whether the likely environmental impacts are
Beneficial or Adverse
Long term or Short term
Permanent or Temporary
Caused or Induced
Primary / Secondary / Tertiary
Reversible or Irreversible
Site specific or Project specific
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The overall environmental impact is divided into two categories during
Construction Phase and Operation Phase. The environmental impact
assessment is accomplished in three stage actions viz. identification, prediction
and evaluation.
The following project related activities identified as sources having potential to
cause impact upon various environmental attributes;
Transportation and storage of raw materials and finished products
Manufacturing process (Emission of liquid effluent, off-gases from stack,
generation of Hazardous waste and Noise)
Consumption of resources
Emergencies or disaster
Breakdown of critical systems
Maintenance activity
Green Belt Development
The prediction and assessment of impact has been based on the following
data, which has been collected from the industry, concerned agencies or
generated on the basis of the field monitoring:
1. Environmental pollution potential from the proposed project : Collected data from
industry
2. Meteorological data during study period : Collected from Indian
Meteorological Department (IMD)
3. Baseline environmental quality status at project site and within the study area of 5km radius from project site with respect to air environment
: Monitored data
Potential impacts of the project on the various environmental components or
parameters given below are predicted.
Water Environment
Air Environment
Land Environment
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Noise Environment
Ecology
Aesthetics
Socio Economic Environment
The identification of environmental impacts has been made, based on the
understanding of cause-condition-effect relationship between an activity and
the impact component. The following activities identified as sources having
potential to cause impact upon various environmental parameters due to
proposed expansion project during the operation phase are given in Table – 4.1
(A) and Table-4.1(B).
Table – 4.1(A) Type of Activities and Impact during Construction Phase
Sr.No. Type of Activities Potential Impacts
1. Level and Road Laying Dust emission, Soil Compaction, Change in traffic pattern
2. Earthwork comprising of excavation, grading, trenching
Increase in erosion, soil compaction, increase in transport facilities; increase in employment
3. Foundation Work Dust emission, Noise, Decrease in water table
4. Mechanical erection Generation of noise
Table – 4.1(B) Type of Activities and Impact during Operation Phase
Sr.No. Type of Activities Potential Impacts
1. Trial runs and manufacturing activities
Gaseous emission, Increase in vehicular traffic, Increases in employment.
2. Material Handling Increase in Noise level, visual impact, Dust emission
3. Utilities Increase in traffic, Increases in Services, Gaseous Emission and effluent generation.
4. Green Belt Development Decrease in run off, increase in ground water table.
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The identification based on this is helpful in recognizing series of impact that
would be triggered by the proposed activities.
4.2 PREDICTION AND ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES
M/s. Sam Finechem Ltd. is an existing unit and situated in the Hadamtala
industrial area. They are planning to augment production capacity of plant
within the existing premises; therefore minor construction activity will be carried
out. Also the expansion activity is to be undertaken progressively; the time
period of the construction activities will be elongated. Thus, the impact due to
new construction activity will be negligible and for short term. However,
appropriate care will be taken to minimize the negative impacts if any to the
environment.
4.2.1 WATER ENVIRONMENT
Water requirement for construction phase will be very minor and for short
period. Water requirement will be fulfilled by own bore well. Thus, there will
not be any impact on availability of ground water during this stage.
The wastewater generating will be only from the domestic activities; which
will be disposed into soak pit through septic tank.
4.2.2 AIR ENVIRONMENT
The major construction activities from which air emission may occur are;
excavation, loading and unloading of material etc. Following mitigation
measures are proposed to minimize the air pollution during the construction
stage.
Water will be sprayed for dust suppression.
The sand and other such dispersible material will be stored at site for
minimum working period.
The equipment design will be chosen for least suspension of dust/sand into
atmosphere.
The construction activity will be carried out during day time only.
The emissions are temporary and not expected to contribute significantly to
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the ambient air quality and will be within prescribed limits for industrial
regions by National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS).
4.2.3 LAND AND SOIL ENVIRONMENT
The project site is located in industrial area of Hadmtala; there will not be
any significant topographical change.
The construction activity will help in fixation of soil, thereby reducing the soil
erosion.
Some construction activities will disturb the soil profile but that will be
temporary and have insignificant impact.
4.2.4 NOISE ENVIRONMENT
The noise generated from construction machinery will be kept low by
keeping the moving parts serviced and properly lubricated.
The noise impacts will be local; limited to the premises and very short – term.
4.2.5 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
During the constriction activities, there will be positive impact on the socio –
economic environment, as it will generate employment for the local people.
4.3 PREDICTION AND ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS DURING OPERATION PHASE
4.3.1 WATER ENVIRONMENT
With respect to water environment; three aspects are generally considered in
REIA, availability and consumption of Fresh water, Wastewater generation and
its disposal.
A) FRESH WATER CONSUMPTION
The existing fresh water consumption including gardening and domestic is @
23.4 KL/day which will increase up to 61.4 KL/day after proposed expansion.
Thus, additional water required after proposed expansion is 38.0 KL/day, which
will be met through their own bore well.
Since, the unit falls under Semi critical zone and water requirement of the plant
does not exceed the limit of 100 KL/day, as per CGWA guidelines it is not
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mandatory for the unit to obtain permission from CGWA for the abstraction of
ground water.
Moreover, the unit will design and implement the rainwater harvesting system to
recharge the ground water, which will create positive impact to the water
environment.
Hence, there will be not being any adverse impact on ground water due to
water consumption for proposed project.
B) WASTE LOAD GENERATION
The existing industrial waste water generation is 6.3 KL/Day. After proposed
expansion the industrial waste water generation will increase up to 71.8
KL/Day. Thus, additional industrial wastewater generation after proposed
expansion will be 65.5 KL/Day.
There will be increase in the domestic effluent generation from 2.0 KL/day to
6.0 KL/day after proposed expansion.
C) DISPOSAL OF EFFLUENT
Presently, the entire wastewater generated during industrial activity is taken
to own effluent treatment plant comprising of primary treatment units where
waste water is treated through physico chemical treatment. Entire treated
waste water is further passed through MEE followed by Thin Film Dryer. Finally,
evaporated and condensed water is reuse as boiler feed water & in process
also.
Total quantity of wastewater generated after proposed expansion will be
treated in proposed ETP having treatment capacity of 75 KL/Day along with
the additional multiple effect evaporator and thin film dryer. Finally,
evaporated and condensed water will be reused as boiler feed water & in
process. Thus, there will be a Zero Effluent Discharge from the unit.
Domestic wastewater is sent to septic tank and finally disposed in to soak pit
and same practice will be continued after the proposed expansion.
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Thus, wastewater management system proposed, by the unit will be
adequate. There will not be any impact on ground water environment as no
effluent disposal from proposed expansion.
4.3.2 AIR ENVIRONMENT
A) IDENTIFICATION OF MAJOR AIR POLLUTANTS
As the proposed will be expansion in the existing product capacity along
with the introduction of some new products of the same category, the
source of the air pollution will remain same after proposed expansion. Only
quantity of gaseous pollutants will increase.
The main source of air pollution will be flue gas emission from the stack
attached to steam boiler, thermic fluid heater & D. G. Set. The significant
pollutants identified due to flue gas emissions are PM (PM10 & PM2.5), NOx
and SO2.
There will be process gas emission and the significant pollutants identified are
SO2, HCl, HBr and Ammonia.
There will be very negligible chances of fugitive emission due to
manufacturing activities and fuel, raw material & products handing and
transportation.
B) ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT
Unit has switched over to agricultural waste to be used as fuel in steam boiler
and thermic fluid heater.
Since, agricultural waste is used as fuel in the steam boiler and Thermic fluid
heater; the unit has provided separate Cyclone Separator attached to the
each Boilers and thermic fluid heater as an APCM.
Adequate stack height of 31 m is provided for proper dispersion of pollutant
to the each stack of boiler & thermic fluid heater.
Adequate scrubbing system is provided for the control of process gas
emission which will also be expanded during expansion, so it will remains well
within gaseous emission norms prescribed by the GPCB/CPCB.
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Adequate stack height as per the gases content at the various emissions is
provided for the proper dispersion of pollutant as per CPCB guidelines.
Impact of a source or a group of sources on air quality is evaluated using
mathematical models. The model stimulates the relationships between air
pollutants emitted from the source and their impact on surrounding air quality.
The air quality model is prepared based on the stack details and
meteorological data.
The mathematical model based on Gaussian theory, a computer based version
ISCST3, was used to calculate Ground Level Concentrations (GLC) as a function
of wind speed, direction and stability class. The GLC for the parameters like
PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx as emitted from the stacks attached to steam boiler
and Thermic Fluid Heater and parameter like HCl, HBr, NH3 & SO2 as emitted
from the stack attached to scrubber have been predicted using above
mathematical model.
The likely impacts on air have been studied based on following assumptions,
1. PM(PM10 & PM2.5), NOx & SO2 likely to be emitted from steam boiler & TFH
and HCl, HBr, NH3 & SO2 emitted from the process stack attached to
scrubber were calculated.
2. Maximum possible computed emission at full capacity utilization,
The following methodology is adopted for the prediction based on above
model.
1. Input Parameters
The input parameters for the preparation of mathematical model consist of
Meteorological Data viz. ambient temperature, wind speed, wind direction etc.
and potential of the air pollutants viz, physical stack height, inner diameter of
the stack at exit, stack emission, flue gas temperature, flue gas velocity etc. The
details of all the in put parameters are discussed here below.
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Micrometeorological Data
Micrometeorological data required for the mathematical modeling were
collected for the site and the details of which are discussed and elaborated in
Section 3.5 of Chapter - 3 in earlier part of this report.
Potential of the Air Pollutants
The probable sources of air pollution are separate flue gas emission and process
gas emission stacks. The detail stack emissions likely to occur due to proposed
project and considered for the processing of mathematical model are given in
Table - 4.2.
2. The Receptor Area
The baseline ambient air quality monitoring stations are selected as
receptor area to evaluate the impact of air pollutants from the source and
eventually to find out resultant ambient air quality at above location.
The receptor locations in uniform polar grid within 5 Km with flow vector of
22.5 degree (sixteen directions) and 10 polar rings i.e. radial distance at 0.5
km increment from source is selected.
3. Model Output
The output of the model consists of ground level concentration at various
distances and direction from the source. The first three highest 24 hour average
ground level concentration value for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, HCl, HBr and NH3 is
given in Table – 4.3 (A & B) and the first highest 24 hourly average ground level
concentration value for various parameters like PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, HCl, HBr
and NH3 at the ambient air quality monitoring stations are given in Table-4.4.
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Table – 4.2: Details of Stacks emission due to proposed project
Particular / Detail Unit Value
Source Attached To -- Steam boiler
& Thrmic fluid heater
APCM-2 APCM-3
Stack / Release Height m 31 15 12
Stack Inside Diameter m 0.45 0.05 0.025
Cross Sectional Area of Stack m2 0.1590 0.0020 0.0005
Gas Exit Temperature Deg. C 160 35 35
Gas Exit Velocity m/sec 3 4 2
m3/sec 0.477 0.008 0.001 Gas Exit Flow Rate
Nm3/Sec 0.328 0.008 0.001
Concentration of Pollutant Discaharge
a) PM 150.0 -- --
Particulate Matter (PM10) 75.0 -- --
Particulate Matter (PM2.5) 37.5 -- --
b) SOx 261.2 40.0 --
c) NOx 9.4 -- --
d) HCl -- 20.0 --
e) HBr -- 30.0 --
f) NH3
mg/Nm3
-- -- 175.0
Load of Pollutant Discharge
a) PM 0.049 -- --
Particulate Matter (PM10) 0.025 -- --
Particulate Matter (PM2.5) 0.012 -- --
b) SOx 0.086 0.00030 --
c) NOx 0.003 -- --
d) HCl -- 0.00015 --
e) HBr -- 0.00023 --
f) NH3
gm/sec
-- -- 0.000166
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Table- 4.3 (A) : First Three Highest 24-Hourly Average GLC Values
HighestValue
Location w.r.t Project Site PM10 PM2.5 SO2 Nox
1st 3 km @ 270º 0.1269 0.0609 0.4442 0.0152
2nd 3 km @ 270º 0.0967 0.0464 0.3385 0.0116
3rd 2.5 km @ 270º 0.0560 0.0269 0.1998 0.0067
Note : All units are expressed in μg/m3
Table- 4.3 (B) : First Three Highest 24-Hourly Average GLC Values
HighestValue
Location w.r.t Project Site HCl HBr NH3
1st 0.5 km @ 270º 0.0142 0.0213 0.0320
2nd 0.5 km @ 270º 0.0119 0.0178 0.0250
3rd 0.5 km @ 270º 0.0103 0.0154 0.0245
Note : All units are expressed in μg/m3
Table-4.4: First Highest 24-Hourly Average GLC Values for AAQM Stations
Station Code
Station Name
Location w.r.t Project Site PM10 PM2.5 SO2 Nox HCl HBr NH3
S2 Ardoi 1.88 km @ 42 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
S3 Hadamtala 23.25 km @ 86 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
S4 Biliyala 4.75 km @ 186 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
S5 Mahika Nana 2.63 km @ 241 0.1251 0.0060 0.0435 0.0015 0.0008 0.0012 0.0009
S6 Mahika Mota 3.5 km @ 272 0.1058 0.0508 0.3697 0.0127 0.0028 0.0042 0.0037
Note : All units are expressed in μg/m3
Air Isopleths Showing 1st highest 24 hourly average GLCs contour plots for the
PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, HCl, HBr and NH3 for the proposed expansion project are
given in Drawing – 4.1 to Drawing – 4.7 respectively.
C) OBSERVATIONS
The maximum 24-hourly average concentration for pollutant due to proposed
expansion calculated using mathematical model (ISCST3) for PM10, PM2.5, SO2,
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NOx, HCl, HBr and NH3 is 0.1269 g/m3, 0.0609 g/m3, 0.4442 g/m3, 0.152 g/m3,
0.0142 g/m3, 0.0213 g/m3, and 0.0320 g/m3 respectively which is very
negligible even for the worst case scenario.
The incremental ground level concentration of various pollutants at all the
ambient air monitoring locations is practically nil as shown in Table – 4.4 and
therefore there will not be any impact on the air quality of surrounding villages
due to the proposed expansion.
Hence, there will not be any significant impact on air environment due to
proposed expansion considering worst-case scenario.
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4.3.3 LAND/ SOIL ENVIRONMENT
A) PREDICTION OF IMPACT
The impact on land and soil environment may be due to effluent disposal,
chemical handling and hazardous waste disposal.
B) ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT
Since the proposed expansion will be in the existing premises situated in
Hadmtala Industrial area, there will not be any change in land use pattern,
forest cover or vegetation in surrounding area. Moreover, Electricity, water,
roads, all basic amenities and infrastructure are already available at project
site.
Effluent Disposal
Their will not be any disposal of effluent due to proposed expansion activity
as entire wastewater generated will be reused in the process and as boiler
feed water after treatment in ETP followed by MEE & TFD.
Entire quantity of Domestic waste generated will be treated in septic tank
followed by soak pit.
Material handling
Spillage of material during loading, unloading and transfer, gland leakage of
pumps, flange leakage in pipelines may create soil/land contamination.
However, the management should ensure regular maintenance of pumps and
flange connections in the pipelines and proper care must be taken by the
management while loading, unloading and transfer of materials to avoid the
impact.
Hazardous Waste Disposal
The main sources of hazardous waste generation from proposed
manufacturing activity will be Process Waste viz. Spent Solvent, Spent
Carbon, Spent Catalyst and Distillation Residue and Dried sludge generated
from effluent treatment plant.
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The ancillary source of hazardous waste generation will be discarded
bags/bottles/drums/Carboys/Containers from storage and handling of raw
materials and spent oil generation from plant machinery.
The unit has already provided isolated area @ 1463.0 m2 with impervious
flooring system and roof cover for the on-site storage of hazardous waste,
which will be increased up to 1795.0 m2 for the hazardous waste likely to
generate due to proposed expansion.
The hazardous waste generated will be stored and handle as per The
Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement)
Rules, 2008.
Hence, there will not be any impact on land and soil environment due to
effluent disposal, material handling and disposal of hazardous waste.
Development of Green Belt
The unit has already developed green belt area of 1935.0 sq.m., which will be
increased up to @ 7033 sq.m. (33.3 % of total available area) area for the
betterment of the environment within and on the surrounding of the existing
premises which will not only improve the soil conditioning but will also prevent
soil erosion and the landscape & give slight beneficial impact on the land
usage. Greenbelt will minimize the predicted level of possible air pollutants and
to minimize noise pollution.
In consequence of development of green belt it will create a beneficial impact
on land and soil environment.
4.3.4 NOISE ENVIRONMENT
A) PREDICTION OF IMPACT
Prediction of potential impacts on noise environment from the proposed
expansion project activity is as important as other components of the
environment. The impacts of noise depend mainly on the characteristic of the
noise generating sources, topography and atmospheric conditions.
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During operational phase the impact on noise environment will be due to
manufacturing activities and transportation activities (transportation of raw
materials and finished products). Present Noise levels of the study area are
shown in section 3.10 of chapter - 3.
B) ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT
After commissioning of the expansion project their will be very negligible
increase in the noise level. The noise generation will be mitigated by installing
noise barriers/absorbers around stationery noise sources, viz. pumps,
compressors and blowers etc.
Adequate noise control measures such as anti vibration pad for equipment
with high vibration is provided. Proper and timely oiling, Lubrication
Preventive Maintenance will be done regularly.
Adequate noise control measures such mufflers, silencers at the air
inlet/outlet of DG set and earmuff and earplugs to the operators etc. is
provided.
Existing as well as proposed green belt is act as a barrier to the propagation
of noise from the factory premises. This will reduce the noise levels
appreciably and it will not have any impact to the nearby present human
settlement.
Vehicular movements during operation phase for loading/unloading of raw
and finished materials and other transportation activity may also increase
noise level. However, the volume of transport vehicles to be handled due to
proposed project is very low, as compared to the total vehicular traffic in the
industrial area.
Therefore, there will be negligible impact on noise environment of surrounding
area due to proposed expansion.
4. 3.5 ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
The impact due to the proposed expansion on the ecological parameters like
natural vegetation, crops, forests and species diversity is summarized in below
texts:
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The proposed expansion is within the existing industrial premises located in
Industrial area of Hadamtala. Hence, there will not be any cutting of natural
vegetation due to proposed expansion. On the contrary, the industry will
expand its green belt area within and surrounding periphery.
Since the proposed expansion is on non-agricultural land of the existing
factory premises, it is not likely to alter the crop production and pattern or
the area.
Necessary environmental protective measure have been planned under
EMP for air, water and hazardous waste management systems and regular
environmental surveillance will be carried out so as to prevent any short-term
or cumulative effect on the crops and natural vegetation of the area.
Higher concentrations of SO2 may damage to the plant tissues leading to
plant diseases like Necrosis or Chlorosis. However, adequate stack height is
provided as per CPCB guidelines for the proper dispersion of pollutants,
particularly sulfur dioxide (SO2) into the atmosphere. So that increment in
GLC of SO2 will be very negligible even for the worst case scenario.
There is no disposal of effluent from the unit and same practice will be
continued after proposed expansion also.
There is no reserved forest, nation park or sanctuary within the study area.
Very few rare and endanger flora & fauna is reported within the study area.
Thus, there will not be any significant impact on ecological environment due to
proposed expansion.
4.3.6 AESTHETIC ENVIRONMENT
The proposed expansion is in the existing premises having total area @ 21,138
m2 and located at Industrial area of Hadamtala. Hadamtala industrial area
having more than 50 units and spread over 300 hector of land. The area for
the plant when compared to the total area is insignificant or negligible.
The unit has already developed the green belt area @ 1935 m2 which will be
expanded up to 4483 m2 to improve the overall aesthetic view of the
premises.
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Since there is no discharge of effluent, there is no visual adverse impact on
quality of water. On the contrary, the wastewater generated from the
industrial activity will be reuse as boiler feed water and in process also.
Thus, there will not be any impact on aesthetic environment due to proposed
expansion.
4.3.7 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
A) EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY
Prediction of the socio-economic impacts of site would be totally a positive
mainly due to the employment opportunities. During operational phase, skilled
and unskilled manpower will be needed. This will increase the employment
opportunity. Secondary jobs are also bound to be generated to provide day-to-
day needs and services to the work force. This will also increase the demand for
essential daily utilities in the local market and ancillary business development to
some extent for the local population.
This phase is expected to create a beneficial impact on the local socio-
economic environment.
B) INDUSTRIES
During the operation activities, the required raw materials and skilled and
unskilled laborers will be utilized maximum from the local area. The increasing
industrial activity will boost the commercial and economical status of the
locality, to some extent.
C) PUBLIC HEALTH
During operation activities, workers will be provided with basic amenities like
safe water supply, low cost sanitation facilities, first aid, required personal
protective equipment, etc. Otherwise, there could be an increase in diseases
related to personal hygiene.
Hence, there will not be any significant change in the status of sanitation and
the community health of the area, as sufficient measures have been taken and
proposed under the EMP.
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The proposed expansion activities will improve the general environment by
expanding area of green belt and planting more number of trees through a
planned green belt development which will improve Aesthetic value of the
region.
On the whole the project will have a favorable ranking with the local
inhabitants and will be looked upon as a blessing for development of the area.
Thus, there will be a beneficial impact on socio-economic environment due to
proposed expansion activities.
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The possible beneficial Impacts due to the proposed expansion is shown in
Drawing-4.8
Drawing – 4.8 Possible Beneficial Impacts Due To Proposed Expansion
Project
Minimize the Noise Pollution
Improve Aesthetic
Environment
Improve community
health
Improve Sanitationcondition
Improve Educational
facility
ImproveSoil
Conditioning
Development of Green Belt
Socio Economic Environment
Probability of temporary
employment
Enhance Commercial
and economical
status
Probability of permanent
employment
Probability of secondary
employment
Prevent Soil erosion and improve the landscape
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4. 4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT VALUATION
The matrix system evaluates the impact on the environment both in terms of
quality and quantity. The environmental parameters that have some impact
due to the proposed expansion activities are considered. The environmental
impacts identify the possible relationship of proposed industrial operations with
respect to environment parameters. These relationships can be beneficial or
adverse. Impact identification matrix for operation phase is given in Table – 4.5.
The potential impact during operational stage along with mitigation measure is
presented in Table – 4.6.
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Table-4.5: Impact Identification Matrix (Without EMP)
ProjectActivities
(Construction Phase)
Project Activities (Operational Phase)
Sr.No. Environmental
Parameters
Exca
vatio
n
Con
stru
ctio
n
Inst
alla
tion
of
Equi
pmen
ts
Wat
er
Requ
irem
ent
Efflu
ent
Disc
harg
e G
aseo
usem
issio
ns
Solid
Was
te
Mat
eria
l Ha
ndlin
g
Man
fg.
Act
ivity
Equi
pmen
t Fa
ilure
Tran
spor
tatio
n
Gre
en B
elt
Deve
lopm
ent
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTIONi) Water Env.
Water Resource
Water Quality ii) Air Env. iii) Land / Soil
Env.
1.
iv) Noise Env. ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
NaturalVegetation
Crops Fisheries & Aquatic Life
2.
Forests & Species Diversity
AESTHETIC ENVIRONMENTVisual Water / Air Quality
Odour
3.
Landscape SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
Employment Opportunity & Economic Development
Public Welfare & Sanitation
4.
Social Amenities
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Table- 4.6: Impacts & Mitigative Measures Taken During Operational Stage
Env. Parameters
Potential Impacts Source Mitigative Measure Remarks
Water Environment
Consumption of Water
Process, boiler,
cooling, APCE,
washing activities
Ground Water through own bore well will be
used. New Effluent treatment
plant along with additional MEE & TFD will be installed to treat the
waste water. Reuse of effluent in
process and as boiler feed water.
Rain water harvesting system will be provided
for ground water recharge.
Negligible impact
Flue gas emission
Steam Boiler,
Thermic Fluid Heater & D.G. Set
Cyclone separator has provided for air pollution
control measures. Adequate stack height is
provided. DG set will be operated
during emergency.
AirEnvironment
Process gas emission
Manufacturing process
Two stage scrubbers & single stage ammonia
scrubber will be provided.
Negligible increase in
GLCs of pollutant and also meeting NAAQS.
Negligible adverse impact.
Socio-Economic
Environment
Increase in employment opportunities, overall growth
and development
of area.
Process Activities
and Transport-
ation
--- Beneficial impact
Ecological Environment
Long-term effect on plant
and floral species due to
pollutant.
Manufac-turing
activities
Proper EMP for air and water pollution.
Green Belt development
Negligible Impact
NoiseEnvironment
Increase in Noise Level
Manufac-turing
activities DG set
operations Transporta-
tion
Proper maintenance of equipments
Green Belt development
Marginal Impact
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4.4.1 IMPACT EVALUATION
The environmental impact evaluation is based on careful study of project site,
manufacturing operation of proposed expansion activities, surrounding
environment (meteorological conditions, ambient air quality status, water
quality status, soil quality status, ecological environment, socio-economic status,
land-use pattern of the study area) etc.
These can be further classified as short term or long term, reversible or
irreversible, local or regional. The evaluation of the impacts due to proposed
expansion activities are given in Table – 4.7. While Table - 4.8 shows the total
score of the project.
4.4.2 IMPACT QUANTIFICATION For calculating the severity of the impact on the environmental parameters due
to the various project activities the severity has been divided into impact scores
from 0-4 as under;
Severity Criteria Impact Score
No Impact : 0
Very Slight : 1
Slight Impact : 2
Moderate Impact : 3
Appreciable Impact : 4
The impact score is (–ve) or (+ve) depending on whether the impact is adverse
or beneficial. The construction phase is not considered in environmental impact
matrix, as impacts due to construction activities are temporary, short-term and
negligible.
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Table – 4.7: Environmental Impact Evaluation Matrix
Project Activities (Operational Phase)
Sr. No. Parameters
Wat
er
Requ
irem
ent
Efflu
ent
Gen
erat
ion/
Di
spos
al
Gas
eous
em
issio
ns
Haza
rdou
s W
aste
G
ener
atio
n
Mat
eria
l Ha
ndlin
g M
anfg
. A
ctiv
ity
Equi
pmen
t Fa
ilure
Tran
spor
tatio
n
Gre
en B
elt
Deve
lopm
ent
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
Water Env.i) Water Resource 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ii) Water Quality 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Air Env. 0 0 -1 0 0 -1 0 -1 +2 Land & Soil Env. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +1
1.
Noise Env. 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 +2 Total 0 0 -1 0 0 -1 -1 -2 5
ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
Natural vegetation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 Crops 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fisheries & Aquatic Life
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2.
Forests & Species Diversity
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 AESTHETIC ENVIRONMENT
Visual Water / Air Quality
0 0 -1 0 -1 0 0 -1 +1
Odour 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3.
Landscape 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +1 Total 0 0 -1 0 -1 0 0 -1 2
SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
Employment Opportunity & Economic Development
0 0 0 0 +2 +1 0 +1 0
Public Welfare & Sanitation 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4.
Social Amenities 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 1 0
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Table-4.8: Environmental impact score of the proposed project activities
Thus, proposed expansion activities will not have any significant environmental
impact on surrounding environment. On the contrary, there will be beneficial
impact on surrounding environment due to increase in employment
opportunities and economy of the area.
Sr.No.
Parameters Evaluation Score
1. Environmental Pollution 0
2. Ecology Environment -1
3. Aesthetic Environment -1
4. Socio-Economic Environment
+4
Total +2
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CHAPTER – 5
ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT PLAN
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CHAPTER- 5 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
5.1 PROLOGUE
The main purpose of the EMP is to identify project specific actions that will be
undertaken by the project authority for mitigation of the specific impacts
identified in the project. These actions will be incorporated into project
management system and integrated into the implementation at various stages
of project development. The EMP describe both generic good practice
measures and site specific measures, the implementation of which is aimed at
mitigating potential impact associated with the project activity.
The aim of Environmental Management Plan is to warrant that the industrial
development in an identified particular study area needs to be entangled with
judicious utilization of non-renewable resources and to ensure that the stress /
load on the ecosystem is within its permissible assimilative capacity i.e. its
carrying capacity. In above context assimilative capacity refers to the
maximum amount of pollution load that can be discharged into the
environment without affecting the designated use of various environmental
attributes and is governed by dilution, dispersion and removal due to physico-
chemical and biological process. An effective EMP ensures that these
environmental requirements and objectives are satisfied during all phases of
project.
Environmental Management generally includes protection / mitigation /
enhancement measures as well as delineation of post project monitoring
program. The plan as prepared may suggest revisions in the plant layout or
operational parameters to avoid adverse impacts. Sometimes additional
project operations have to be incorporated in the conventional plan of
operation, as per the actual requirement.
Adopting mitigative measures including incorporation of suitable features in the
planning and design stage can minimize the adverse impacts envisaged during
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construction and operation phases. Mitigation measures at the source level and
an overall management plan are elicited to improve the supportive capacity of
the study area and also to preserve the assimilative capacity of the receiving
bodies.
5.2 OBJECTIVE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
The long-term objectives of the Environment Management Plan for all the
environmental attributes are as under:
To comply with all the regulations / applicable laws stipulated by Central &
State Pollution Control Boards.
To create good working conditions (devoid of air and noise pollution for the
employees).
To encourage support and conduct developmental works for the purpose of
achieving environment standards and to improve methods of environment
management.
To rationalize and streamline environmental activities to add value in
efficiency and effectiveness.
To encourage and achieve highest performance and response from
individual employees and contractors.
To plan out the complete strategy to take care of stakeholder engagement.
To contribute significantly for sustainable development.
To treat all the pollutants i.e. effluent and hazardous waste with appropriate
technology.
Perspective budgeting and allocation of funds for environment management
expenditure.
Continuous development and search for innovative technologies for a
cleaner and better environment.
To encourage, support and conduct development work for the purpose of
achieving environmental standards and to improve the methods of
environmental management.
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The environment Management Plan has been chalked out for Operation phase
of the proposed expansion which has been categorized for:
Water Environment
Air Environment
Land Environment
Noise Environment
Socio Economic Environment
As a part of the efforts for sustainable development, to identify the adverse
impacts, their causes and prevention and precaution measures are the most
important part of the development activity of any project. For the purpose of
the prevention/minimization of the adverse impacts the Environmental
Management Plan (EMP) and impact mitigation measures are identified and
implementations of various mitigative measures for environmental impacts
envisaged are discussed.
5.3 WATER POLLUTION CONTROL SYSTEM
Water required for industrial & domestic activity after proposed expansion will
be fulfilled by own bore well within the industrial premises and which is well
below the permitted value by the CGWA in the located area. Hence, it will
not create any stress upon the ground water bodies.
Record for water consumption is maintained and will be maintained for each
usage in future.
Unit has already taken appropriate water conservation measures and in
future also will take appropriate measures to optimize the fresh water
requirement as listed below.
(1) The treated effluent is reused in the manufacturing process and as boiler
feed after treatment in existing ETP followed by MEE & TFD. The
maintenance of all the units of ETP is carried out regularly and same
practice will be continued after proposed expansion.
(2) The unit will carry out water audit regularly and implement the measures
suggested to minimize the use of water.
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(3) The unit will design and implement the rainwater harvesting system to
recharge the ground water, which will create positive impact to the
water environment.
Record of the wastewater generation and reused are maintained and same
practice will be continued after proposed expansion as well.
The domestic effluent is disposed to septic tank/soak pit system & same
practice will be continued after proposed expansion.
Cleaner production technology is assessed to maximize possible reuse and
recycling of material is done.
The unit will take following measures for storm water management.
1) Disposal system for storm water is provided separately and it will be
assured that there will not be any contamination of chemicals /
effluent in to storm water.
2) The unit will adopt water sprinkle system for gardening as open hose
system creates ponding and allow the water to flow outside the
premises.
3) The unit will give responsibility and instruction to the operator not to
allow treated wastewater to flow outside the premises.
The action sheet for mitigation of water pollution due to storm water and
effluent discharge is given Table-5.1 and Table-5.2.
Table – 5.1: Action Sheet for Mitigation of Storm Water Pollution
Source Rain
Mitigation Measures
1. Identify the potential sources of storm water pollution. 2. Evaluation of all non-storm water discharges to determine
if they contaminate storm water.
Methodology of Implementation
1. Good House Keeping – To maintain a clean and orderly working environment.
2. Visual Inspection – To conduct routine inspection of facility to ensure that all the elements of the plant are in place and working properly.
3. Spill Prevention & Response – Identify location where spill occur and define spill prevention handling practices and response procedures.
4. Employee Training-Trained employees in all aspects of storm water management plan.
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Table-5.2: Action Sheet for Mitigation of Water Pollution
Source Generation of wastewater due to process, Washing, Boiler and Cooling
MitigationMeasures
1. Flow meter is provided at the inlet of the MEE. 2. Storage tanks are cleaned at regular interval of time. 3. To check or to avoid and leakage and spillage of effluent
while transferring from one unit to another. 4. To carry out the analysis of waste water samples at regular
interval of time. 5. To minimize the use of fresh water consumption through
waste minimization measures to reduce the quantity of effluent.
Methodology of
Implementation
1. To measure the fresh water consumed and wastewater generated at each point.
2. Proper Maintenance of effluent drainpipe and collection tank to avoid any leakage.
5.3.1 RAIN WATER HARVESTING
The project site falls under semi critical zone and their water withdrawal will not
exceed the 100 m3/day. According to the CGWA guidelines it is mandatory for
the unit to adopt recharging of ground water (Rainwater harvesting). However,
the unit will design and implement the rainwater harvesting system to recharge
the ground water, which will create positive impact to the water environment.
The following major points will be kept in to consideration while designing the
system;
Total annual rainfall in the area
Catchments area within the project site
Subsurface geology and aquifer
Precaution to mitigate and control dust contamination
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Drawing – 5.1: Drawing of rain water harvesting
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Well design storm water network will be provided to collect the rain water from
the site area and diverted to the proposed rain water harvesting pits for
recharging the ground water. The storm water drain system will be designed
with proper slope and direction, considering the catchments area and intensity
of rainfall. The total volume of water harvested through the percolation well will
be 5125 m3/Annum considering the annual average rainfall of 600 mm. Here, for
designing of rain water harvesting system the area of the premises where
hazardous waste/chemical handling & storage carried out is not consider as
catchments area to ensure that storm water will free of contamination. All the
storm water collected in considered catchments area on site will be harvested
for ground water recharge.
The proper management and pretreatment of rainwater harvested will be
done. The storm water collected will be passed through multi grade filter to
remove the suspended matter before recharging. The Schematic drawing of
percolation well is shown in Drawing - 5.1. Unit has already provided water
harvesting pond near Main gate.
Total water requirement per day of proposed project will be 61,400 lit. i.e. 18,420
KL/annum (considering 300 working days per annum). Total requirement of
water will be met by own bore wells within the factory premises of unit. It can be
shown from Table – 5.3 that total volume of water harvested per annum will be
5,125 KL. Thus, 27.8 % of total ground water consummated will be recharged in
the soil. Thus the annual ground water required after harvesting system will be
13,295 KL.
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Table-5.3: Detail of Rain Water Harvesting System
Value
Particular unit Roof-Top
Ground Surface
Covering
Untreated Ground
Catchment
Catchments Area Sq.meter 4079 8559 6658
Runoff Coefficient -- 0.75 0.7 0.15
Filter Efficiency -- 0.85 0.85 0.85
Maximum intensity of rain fall mm/hr 50
Annual Rain Fall mm 600
1560 3056 509 Total Annual Volume of water harvested m3/Annum
5125
Per Day water Consumption m3/Day 61.4
Working Days per Annum Nos. 300
Annual water consumption m3 18420
Annual Water requirement after Harvesting m3 13295
Annual Reduction in Ground water Withdrawal % 27.8
5. 4 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL SYSTEM
Adequate scrubbing system is provided for the control of process gas
emission which will also be expanded during expansion, so it will remains well
within gaseous emission norms prescribed by the GPCB/CPCB.
HSD is used as fuel in D.G. set and proper air to fuel ratio is maintained to
reduce/control the emission.
To reduce the fugitive emission the entire manufacturing activities are
carried out in the closed system and the solvent recovery is carried out in
well designed distillation system.
The unit will also take all adequate measures to reduce the fugitive emission
likely to occur due to the transportation activity.
Stack monitoring facilities like porthole, platform etc. is provided with flue gas
& process gas stack in order to facilitate sampling of gases being emitted
into the atmosphere.
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Regular monitoring of flue gas stack and process gas stack is carried out.
In case of failure of any air pollution control equipments, the process
activities will be stopped.
Regular ambient air quality & stack monitoring is carried out within factory
premises.
Transfer vehicles will be properly maintained so as keep air emissions in
check.
The action sheet for mitigation of air pollution is given Table-5.4.
Table – 5.4: Action Sheet for Mitigation of Air Pollution
Source Process emissions, Steam Boiler, DG Set, Thermic Fluid Heater & Transportation.
Mitigation Measures
1. Regular preventive maintenance and overhauling of blowers, pumps etc. will be done.
2. Regular check on the content in the fuel and emissions. 3. To maintain proper air to fuel ratio. 4. Monitoring of combustion. 5. Regular check for the efficiency of Scrubber. 6. Regular check for the efficiency of cyclone separator.
Methodology of Implementation
1. Monitoring of source emissions and ambient air quality as per GPCB Norms through reliable testing authority to ensure compliance of air pollution emission standards as per consent.
2. Proper preventive maintenance of fuel firing system. 3. Spill Prevention & Response – Identify location where
spill occur and define spill prevention handling practices and response procedures.
4. All the kaccha roads will be made pacca or will be asphalted or concreted to avoid dust formation caused by movement of vehicles.
5. The PUC of the vehicles entering the industrial premises will be checked regularly.
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5.5 SOLID & HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
The hazardous wastes generated are stored and handle as per The
Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement)
Rules, 2008.
The main source of hazardous waste generation due to the manufacturing
of proposed Synthetic Organic Chemicals (Bulk Drugs & Drugs Intermediates)
products is Process Waste viz. Spent Solvent, Spent Carbon, Spent Catalyst
and Distillation Residue and Dried sludge generated from effluent treatment
plant.
Bags/Bottles/drums/Carboys/Containers from storage and handling of raw
materials is decontaminated and reused or sell or sent back to vendor.
Spent catalyst generated is send to registered re-processors regularly or
reuse within process and same practice will be continued after proposed
expansion.
Used oil from plants and machineries is reused as lubricant within premises.
ETP sludge, solid waste from centrifuge, spent carbon, distillation residue and
used resins are regularly sent to M/s. GEPIL (TSDF/CHWIF site) for the final
disposal.
Spent solvent generated is reuse in the process.
The unit has provided isolated area @ 1463 sq. m. area for the hazardous
waste storage within premises having pucca floor, roof cover which will be
expanded up to 1795 sq. m. as per the requirement.
Record of hazardous waste generation and disposal is maintained on
printed logbook.
The action sheet for mitigation of pollution due to Hazardous waste is given
Table-5.5.
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Table - 5.5: Action Sheet for Mitigation of Hazardous Waste
Source Manufacturing Process, ETP, Plants and Machineries and Raw Material Storage
Mitigation Measures
1. The hazardous waste likely to be generated is stored in covered area.
2. Spent catalyst generated is send to registered re-processors regularly or reuse within process.
3. Used oil from plants and machineries is reused as lubricant within premises.
4. ETP sludge, solid waste from centrifuge, spent carbon, distillation residue and used resins are regularly sent to M/s. GEPIL (TSDF/CHWIF site) for the final disposal.
Methodology of
Implementation
A record w.r.t quantity & quality and treatment/ management of solid/hazardous waste generation and disposal will be maintained
As the unit uses agricultural waste as fuel, very less quantity of fly ash is
generated from boiler as well as thermic fluid heater operation. However, fly ash
and bottom ash generated is stored in the covered area and is regularly sent to
the GEPIL (TTSDF/CHWIF) site for final disposal along with the hazardous waste
generated or is sent to the brick manufacturer.
5.6 NOISE CONTROL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Detrimental and unpleasant sound energy transmitted from one area to
another is classified as "Noise". There will be slight increase in noise level due to
proposed manufacturing activities, due to mechanical equipments for the
manufacturing of product. The precautions to be taken for abatement of noise
pollution are as follows,
The precautions taken for abatement of noise pollution is as follows,
Adequate noise control measures are provided whenever required.
Proper and timely oiling, lubrication and preventive maintenance is carried
out for the machineries and equipments to reduce noise generation.
The transport contractor is informed to avoid unnecessary speeding of
vehicles inside the premises.
Personal protective devices such as ear-muffs, ear-plugs etc. is strictly
enforced for the workers engaged in high noise areas.
Noise monitoring is done regularly at different parts of the plant.
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The unit will expand existing green belt which prevent the noise pollution in
surrounding area.
The action sheet for mitigation of noise pollution is given Table-5.6.
Table – 5.6: Action Sheet for Mitigation of Noise Pollution
Source DG set, Steam Boiler, Process Plant & Transportation
MitigationMeasures
1. Strict adherence for maintenance schedule of various equipments.
2. Staffs to use earplugs at places where noise level exceeds 90 dBA.
3. Inform all transport contractors to avoid unnecessary speeding of vehicles inside the premises
4. Use of dampening tools to reduce noise generation due to DG set operation.
Methodology of
Implementation
1. Periodically noise monitoring is done at various places inside the factory premises.
2. Boiler maintenance records, logs in the respective areas.
3. Placard will be displayed at various locations
5.7 APPLICATION OF CLEANER PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
Cleaner Production in recent times has emerged as an attractive proposition to
tackle the environmental problems posed by rapid industrialization and is being
accepted worldwide. Besides reducing pollution, it also improves the process
efficiency, thus reducing the cost of production. Applications of CP mainly
focus on preventing or minimizing the generation of waste and gaseous
emission. The basic idea of cleaner production is to avoid a problem altogether
rather than trying to find remedial measure by adopting proactive approach of
waste management.
CP is nothing but a new and creative way of thinking about products and the
processes which are used to manufacture. Cleaner Production is continuous
ongoing process. It is achieved by the continuous application of strategies to
minimize the generation of waste and emission. As far as the production
processes are concern, CP is achieved by raw material and energy
conservation, by reducing quantum of emission and waste generation. To opt
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fruitful results of CP should be implemented by adopting the concept of
product modification, source reduction and recycling.
M/s. Sam Finechem Ltd. is existing unit & have been implemented various
techniques of CP in their factory premises & put continues efforts for developing
new techniques. The techniques implemented & proposed by the unit & are
given below.
5.7.1 POLLUTION PREVENTION:
M/s. Sam Finechem Ltd. is manufacturing products having (80-90 %) yield by
using high-quality of raw material and advanced process technology.
To minimize material wastage, standard SOP is followed by the unit.
High density polythene bags or drums are used. Hence, the generation of
plastic waste is reduced. Moreover, Discarded Bags and Container are
decontaminate and Reuse/ sold.
The unit is maintaining the proper inventory of the hazardous chemicals and
keeping the buffer stock as minimum as possible. This will reduce the
possibilities & magnitude of environmental hazards.
There is a periodic arrangement of environmental training program to create
sensitivity among plant personnel towards environment.
5.7.2 WATER CONSERVATION:
The treated wastewater generated is reuse in the manufacturing process and
as a boiler feed after treatment in ETP followed by Multi Effect Evaporator &
Tin Film Dryer. Unit will installed one additional MEE & TFD during proposed
expansion.
Mopping is done for floor cleaning. Same practice will be continued after
proposed expansion.
As a part of water conservation, excess service water taps will not be
provided in the plant premises. Likewise, the green belt will be developed by
using water sprinkle system instead of hose pipe.
Rainwater harvesting system will be installed.
Flow meter is installed at inlet MEE in the Effluent Treatment plant.
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High Pressure Jet Pump will be used for the cleaning of equipment, vessel &
rector etc.
5.7.3 ENERGY CONSERVATION:
First step to conserve energy is to identify source of energy utilization. The
exact electricity requirement in the plant premises will be identified.
Variable frequency drives (VFD) in pumps, whenever required is provided to
save energy.
Use of low loss transformer instead of conventional transformer.
As far as possible the unit will use solar street lights in the factory premises
which is the renewable energy.
Proper air to fuel ratio is maintained for the maximum efficiency of boiler.
Good insulation practice has been adopted to prevent heat losses.
Regular cleaning to the lamps and fixtures is done to get better illumination in
the plant.
To avoid loss of precious quantum of energy, regular maintenance/ servicing
is provided to all the equipments.
Energy audit will be conducted regularly as a tool for monitoring purpose.
5.7.4 REUSE / RECYCLE:
The wastewater generated from the industrial activity is reused as boiler feed
water and process again after treatment in the existing ETP. Same practice
will be continued after proposed expansion.
The HDPE drums are reused in plants for processing.
The solvent used in the manufacturing process are recovered through
distillation and reused again in the manufacturing process.
Used oil from the plant & machineries are reused as a lubricant within plant.
5.7.5 GOOD HOUSEKEEPING:
Good house keeping means changing existing practices or introducing new
ways of operating and maintaining equipment. Proper good housekeeping can
prevent accidents, spillages and leakages, raw material & product loses.
For Good house keeping following action will be taken.
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All the materials are stored in compatible group.
All pits, sumps are properly covered or securely fenced.
Appropriate tools are provided for handling of all the materials.
Regular training is given to all workforces.
All the passages, floors and stairways are maintained in good condition. The
system will be made available to deal with any spillage at the plant.
Sufficient disposable bins are clearly marked and these are suitably located
in the plant.
In the plant, precaution and instructions are displayed at strategic locations.
Proper working instructions are given to all the workers in factory.
Roads/walkway within the plant is maintained neat and clean. Walkways are
clearly marked and free from obstructions.
5.8 SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
Environment Management Plan is prepared to reduce the likely adverse
impacts of the project based on existing socio economic profile in the area.
Environment Management plan would be helpful for smooth functioning of the
project and uplift of the quality of life of the people in the area. The impact on
the major attributes of the socio-economic environment is discussed here under;
Resettlement and Rehabilitation
As this is the working project on the industrial area and no additional land will
be required for the proposed expansion, there will not be any requirement of
the resettlement and rehabitation due to the manufacturing activity.
Impact on Population Growth
This project will have an impact on the population growth, as it will provide
some employment to the families in the nearby villages. About 85%
employees are domicile and employed from the near by village and
remaining 15% skilled and managerial staff are non-domicile.
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Impact on Economic Aspects
The impact of plant on the economic aspects can be clearly observed. The
manufacturing activities will provide employment to persons of different skills
and trades. The local population will have preference to get an
employment. The employment potential will ameliorate economic
conditions of these families directly and provide employment to many other
families indirectly who are involved in business and service oriented activities.
These will in-turn improves the socio-economic conditions of the area.
Impact on Civic Amenities
As per the census 2001, the area has a good network of roads,
communications, educational facilities, post and telegraph facilities and
health care facilities. There will not be any major impact or stress on the
existing facility due to the proposed industrial expansion.
The project will definitely help for the improvement of the socio-economic status
of the society in the region by generating direct or indirect employment
opportunities. The project will also induce the development of ancillary and
related small-scale industries in the adjoining areas. It is obvious to assume that
the activities of the proposed industrial operations will produce some
improvements in the socio-economic levels in the study area. The project will
contribute additional revenue to the state and central exchequer in the form of
cess and other taxes etc.
M/s. Sam Finechem Ltd. not only carries out business but also understands the
obligations towards the society. The unit is aware of the obligations towards the
society and for fulfills the social obligations; they will employ semi-skilled and
skilled labor form the nearby villages for the proposed expansion. At least 85 %
of the total manpower recruitment will be conducted from domicile workers
(i.e. Within the Gujarat) as per the Factory Act and out of which most of the
recruitment will be carried out from the nearby villages as far as possible. They
will also try to generate maximum indirect employment in the near by villages
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by appointing local contractor only during construction phase as well as during
operation phase.
Apart form this they are also giving their adequate and reasonable contribution
for the following action in the nearby villages,
Plantation all along the road side in nearby villages and development of
garden/greenbelt on government barren land/common plots.
Education aids & scholarship to poor students for higher education.
Organizing medical camp for the near by villagers.
Company will also participate & contribute in Local religious and social
programs.
Company will also cooperate and participate in the various activities
conducted by the government for the socio-economic development and
welfare of the society such as;
Participate in the medical camp organized in the villages.
Participate and cooperate in animal husbandry camp.
Participate in the Forestry Programme of state government.
Participate and Cooperate in Education Camp of state government.
Participate in the national programme organized on 15th August and 26th
January.
Participate in new school admission campaign.
Participate in Cleanliness Camp of state government.
5. 9 GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT
The main objective of green belt is to provide a barrier between the plant and
surrounding areas to prevent air and noise pollution. To maintain the ecological
balance project authorities are planning to develop green belt around the
plant. Green belt recommendations around the company premises will be
evolved as per CPCB norm for noise pollution control and to prevent the
gaseous pollutant into surrounding, balancing eco-environment, soil
erosion/protection, economic sustenance and aesthetics. The scenario of
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planting arrangement and size will be based on the optimum use of available
land. Based on the agro-climatic conditions of the region, location of proposed
plant and physico-bio-chemical properties of the soil strata in addition to the
nature of pollutants and their rate of dispersion, it is suggested to develop green
belt around the plant. Plants suitable to abate the pollution have been
identified to be local plants.
The plant authorities have proposed to plant a green belt in around the
periphery of the rode particularly around the storage yard. In addition to the
green-belt planted around the project, roadside plantation will also be
required within the project.
The tree plantation shall be based on the following principles
The plant shall be fast growing and indigenous
It has been tolerant to air pollutants present in the area mainly dust pollution
and SO2, HCl and HBr
It has been maintain ecological, land and hydrological balance of the
region.
It has been possess extensive foliar area to provide maximum impinging
surface for continued efficient adsorption and absorption of pollutants.
It has been tall in peripheral curtain plantation, with large, spreading
canopy in the primary and secondary attenuation zones.
It has been able to grow and thrive on soil of areas, be evergreen in habitat
having minimum of leaf fall.
It shall be efficient in absorbing pollutants without significant effects on plant
growth.
In order to mitigate the air pollutants and to attenuate the noise generated by
the plant and also improving the ecology and aesthetics of the area, the unit
has already developed green belt area in 1935 m2 (9.15 % of total area) within
the existing premises and along the periphery & after proposed expansion it will
increases to 4483.07m2 (21.21% of total area) and unit will also plant a tree in the
surrounding villages to meet the 33% greenbelt area requirement. Green belt is
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developed to avoid any kind of fugitive mission in to surrounding environment in
any case. The unit has already planted 488 numbers of plantation species and
unit will also plant more 650 numbers of plantation species during the proposed
expansion. The details of plant species are given in Table-5.7(A). The green belt
development program (three years) for the proposed plantation is shown in
Table – 5.7(B). The rate of survival would be 80 – 90%.
Table – 5.7(A): Plantation Species
Sr.No. Scientific Name Common
Name Existing Proposed Total After proposed expansion
1 Azardorachta Indica Neem Tree 114 125 239 2 Polyalthia longifolia(Sonn.) Asopalav 92 125 217 3 Delonix regia Gulmohar 55 200 255 4 Saraca Indica Ashoka 90 100 190 5 Miscellaneous -- 137 100 237
Total 488 650 1138
Table – 5.7(B): Three Year Program for Proposed Plantation Species
Proposed Plants 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year
650 320 190 140
In addition to the green belt development plan within the own industrial
premises, the unit propose to develop green belt on out side peripheral of the
industry premises and also develop the green belt in common plots, barren land
and along the road side in the nearby villages and contributes towards the
green belt development. This way the unit will contribute indirectly to develop
green belt on minimum 2,550 m2 on such areas. Thus, total green belt
development by the unit will come to 7,033 m2, which will be around 33.3 % of
the total area occupied by the unit.
5.10 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CELL
All the project activities will be monitored to ensure that appropriate
environmental mitigation activities are implemented and to identify areas
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where environmental management plan compliance is not satisfied. Effective
monitoring will allow corrective actions to be identified and implemented in a
timely manner.
One of the principal goals of environmental monitoring is the effective
observation of site conditions and work activities to:
Verify and document compliance with environmental requirement
Identify and document existing or potential non compliance situations and
initiate corrective or remedial actions
Regular monitoring of environmental parameter will be made to find out any
deterioration in environmental quality. The head of environmental cell will be
responsible for total environmental management. The EMS shall perfume
following functions.
Establishment and maintenance of documented environmental objectives of
the “Environmental Protection Policy” of the management.
Collected information from regular monitoring and create database.
Analyze the data and decide thrust area.
Based on the data collected, decide target for each thrust area.
Carry out “project” in each thrust area to arrive at practical solutions to
environmental problems.
Discuss the reports of study on environment and disseminate the information.
Work out action plan for the implementation of the recommendations made
in the report.
Prepare Management Information System (MIS) reports and budget for
environment management program.
Apart from having an environment plan, it is also necessary to have a
permanent organizational set up for effective implementation of various
activities. In this effect, all the units assign responsibility to officer from various
disciplines to co-ordinate the activities concerned with management and
implementation of environmental control measures. M/s. Sam fine chem Ltd. is
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the existing unit, it has already set up permanent and efficient team for the
effective implementation of environmental control measures. The current
practice will be continued after proposed expansion. The environmental
management cell set up by the unit is given herewith.
The management of the unit will keep adequate funds aside to meet with
regular expenses for the environmental control measures. Recurring cost for
environmental management plan is shown in Table- 5.8.
Table –5. 8: Recurring Cost for Environmental Management Plan (EMP)
Recurring Cost, Lac Rs./Annum Sr.No.
DescriptionExisting Proposed Total after
proposed 1. Air Pollution Control 6 6 12
2. Water Pollution Control 30 12 42
3. Hazardous waste management 6 6 12
4. Noise Pollution - - -
5. Environmental Monitoring 2 1 3
6. Occupation Health 2 2 4
7. Green Belt 3 3 6
8. Stationary Compliance & Charted Service
1 1 2
9. Community Welfare 2 2 4
Total 52.0 33.0 85.0
Director
General Manager (Plant)
Chemist
Operator & Helper
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5.11 POST PROJECT MONITORING
All the project activities shall be monitored to ensure that environmental
mitigation activities are to be implemented and to identify areas where
environmental management plan compliance is lacking. M/s. Sam Finechem
Ltd. has schedule periodic investigations at predetermined locations for
effective monitoring of emission and environmental quality.
Along with the industrial emission monitoring as per the GPCB regulations and
under the various environmental laws, the unit also conducts work area
ambient air quality monitoring as per Gujarat Factories Rules by GPCB
approved agency regularly. The Monitoring Plan and schedule describing
scope, parameters to be monitored and frequency are given in Table – 5.9.
Table – 5.9: Monitoring Plan and schedule
Scope of monitoring Parameter Frequency of Monitoring
Gaseous Emission
Steam Boiler, Thermic Fluid Heater, DG set (Flue gas) SO2, NOx, PM Monthly
APCM / Scrubber (Process Gas) HCl, HBr, SO2, NH3 Monthly Ambient Air PM10, NOx & SO2 Quarterly Noise Noise level in dB(A) Quarterly
Work Place VOC(Benzene), HC, HCl Quarterly Occupation Health X-ray and Blood test Once in a year
Unit will also keep a close vigil on any non-compliance of emission and
deterioration of environmental quality in the project area. Accordingly unit will
identify and implement corrective actions in a timely manner.
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CHAPTER – 6
RISK ASSESSMENT,
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH &
SAFETY MANAGEMENT
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CHAPTER- 6 RISK ASSESSMENT, OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND
SAFETY MANAGEMENT 6.1 INTRODUCTION
Increasing use of hazardous chemicals as raw materials, intermediates and
finished products has attracted attention of the Government and the public at
large in view of the chemical disasters. The serious nature of the accidents,
which cause damage to the plant, personnel and public, has compelled
industries to pay maximum attention to the safety issues and also to effectively
manage the hazardous material and operations. Identification analysis and
assessment of hazard and risk are very useful in providing information to risk
management. It provides basis for what should be type and capacity of its
onsite and offsite emergency plan and also what types of safety measures are
required. It is mandatory for the industries handling hazardous chemical to
maintain specified safety standards and generate an on-site emergency plan
and keep it linked with off site emergency plan.
The safety management includes the implementation of preventive methods or
accident prevention methods to avoid incident or accident and handling of
emergency in case of accident. The implementation of accident prevention
methods needs the risk analysis, to identify the risk associated with handling,
storage, operations and reaction in the process and from that to find out the
prevention methods. The broadly the safety management may be divided in
followings,
Risk Analysis
Emergency Preparedness
6.2 STORAGE OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS/SOLVENT
Raw material used and product generated are hazardous & non hazardous in
nature. The unit does not involve any process where phosgene used. The
hazardous materials used may be corrosive, toxic and/or flammable. The details
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of the storage of the hazardous material along with the storage details are
given in Table – 6.1.
Table – 6.1: Details of the storage of Hazardous Chemicals
Sr. No.
Name of HazardousChemicals
Type of packing/ storage
Packingsize
Maximumstorage
capacity, MT
Possible type of hazardous
1 Acetic acid Bottle 35 lit 5.0 Corrosive, Flammable
2 Ammonia Bottle 50 lit 6.0 Corrosive 3 Caustic Sda Lye Tank 150000 lit 15.0 Corrosive
4 Mrthylene Di Chloride
HDPEDrums 250 lit 12.0 Corrosive
5 Hydro bromic acid HDPEDrums 200 lit 25 Corrosive
6 Sulphuric acid Bottle 60 lit 6.0 Corrosive
7 Chloro Benzene MS Drum 250 lit 2.0 Flammable, toxic
8 Formic Acid HDPECarboy 35 lit 15.0 Flammable,
toxic
9 Methanol Tank 12000 lit 15.0 Flammable, toxic
10 Xylene MS Drum 200 lit 5.0 Flammable, Toxic
11 Iso Propyl Alcohol Tank 12000 lit 12.0 Flammable 12 Hydrogen Gas Cylinder 1 Kg 6 Flammable 13 Tetra Hydro Furan MS Drum 180 lit 5.4 Flammable 14 Hexane MS Drum 200 lit 5.0 Flammable
15 Chloroform MSDrum 300 lit 30.0 Toxic
16 Toluene Tank 12000 lit 15.0 Toxic
17 Nitric acid HDPECarboy 50 lit 5.0 Corrosive,
toxic
18 Oleum Tank 12000 lit 12.0 Corrosive, toxic
19 Hydro-chloric Acid HDPEDrums 200 lit 25 Corrosive,
toxic
20 Triazol Fiber/ HDPEDrum
25 kg 5 Corrosive, toxic
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The unit is taking various precautions during the storage of hazardous chemicals
which is given below.
Tanks are located and marked in designated area of hazardous chemical
storage.
MOC of tanks is properly selected.
All tanks are uniformly tagged.
Level indicator is provided in all storage tanks.
Dyke wall is provided to tank farm area where hazardous chemicals are
stored.
Spare barrels of sufficient quantity are kept ready for any emergency
spillage or leakage.
Drum trolley is used for the movement of drums of hazardous chemicals.
Most of the liquid chemicals are transferred by mechanical seal pump
through closed pipeline.
Industrial type electric fittings are provided in whole plant area.
Anti corrosive paint are applied in production plant.
Safety instruction boards are displayed at prominent places.
6.3 RISK ANALYSIS
Risk and Safety is situation without unacceptable risk. Risk is defined as a
likelihood of an undesired event (accident, injury or death) occurring within a
specified period or under specified circumstances. This may be either a
frequency or a probability depending on the circumstances. Hazard is defined
as a physical situation, which may cause human injury, damage to property or
the environment or some combination of these criteria.
The followings are the hazards associated in proposed project,
Fire Hazard
Toxicity Hazard
Corrosive Hazard
Electrical Hazard
Mechanical Hazard
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6.3.1 Fire Hazard
Since the Stone Age term ‘fire’ is associated with fear. It is very dangerous if
occurs in uncontrolled manner. It should be clearly understood that Flammable
Chemicals which have a flash point lower than 65°C and which remain liquids
under pressure, where particular processing conditions, such as high pressure
and high temperature, may create major accident hazards. The details of the
chemicals are given in Table-6.2.
Table-6.2 Details of Flammable Chemicals
Sr. No. Name of Chemical Flash Point Auto Ignition Temperature
1 Chloro Benzene 29.44 ºC 638 ºC
2 Hexane 15 ºC 225 ºC
3 Iso propyl Alcohol 12.77 ºC 399 ºC
4 Hydrogen Gas -- 570 ºC
5 Formic acid 69ºC 539ºC
6 Methanol 16 ºC 464 ºC
7 Tetra Hydro Furan 20 ºC 321 ºC
8 Xylene 21-27 ºC 432-530 ºC
9 Toluene 16 ºC 480 ºC
The condition of events which can leads to fire:
Equipment failures, presence of open flame or spark in the area, static
charge accumulation, Leakage of gas and open live cables and reaction
between incompatible chemicals are some of the reasons which lead to the
occurrence of fire.
A brief description of the preventive measures roused to prevent fire.
Proper earthling connections for the all the equipments, i.e. lines and
similar operations is given.
The entire pipe lines and storage tanks have been provided with proper
earthing to handle static charges safely.
All the electrical connections have been done with flameproof fittings
within the flammable area.
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At preset adequate nos. of fire extinguishers (CO2 and DCP, Mechanical
foam type) of various types are provided at prominent place in fire prone
area and unit will install more nos. of fire extinguisher after proposed
expansion.
The unit has decided to provide automatic fire detection and control
system to prevent spreading of fire due to leakage of gas.
Storage and process areas are posed with “No Smoking” sign.
All gas pipe joints are provided with heavy duty champion gaskets to
prevent any leakage.
First aids boxes are also provided at different places wherever required.
The gas pipe lines are painted with different colors to distinguish it.
The flanges are provided with Teflon washers for long life and efficiency.
Pressure controllers and pressure safety locking are provided in the plant.
Fire protection system
The plant’s fire protection is consisting of structural solutions, hydrant system, fire
extinguishing systems, and fire alarm systems.
Fire Hydrants
Hydrant type Fire Protection System is consisting of a network of piping and
hydrant valves- both indoor & outdoor. The distance between any two hydrants
is not more than 45 meters. Each hydrant is provided with a hose cabinet
(mounted along side the hydrant on a steel column, lockable type) containing
two nos. of 15 M long hoses and branch pipes/nozzles.
The number and position of the hydrants are such that spray from at least two
hoses with combined jet and water fog nozzles may reach any interior places.
Some hydrants are also installed on an external wall, to allow the use of hoses
outside a building.
Fire hoses are cotton and nylon jacket seamless woven and rot proofed
material equipped with quick couplings and adjustable water fog nozzles. Hose
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couplings and nozzles throughout the fire line are completely interchangeable.
Hose couplings are made of a copper alloy or other approved material.
Hose length: 15 m
Hose diameter: 63 mm
Busting pressure test: 32 kg/cm2
The unit has already provided under ground water tank of 100 KL and overhead
tank of 30 KL.
Fire extinguishing equipment
Extinguisher, preferably wall mounted type, are located such that they are not
far from each other at max distance of 15 m.
CO2 extinguishers
Fire extinguisher contains extinguishing carbon dioxide which under expected
conditions of use gives off to prevent fire to get oxygen. CO2 extinguishers are
meant to extinguish mainly fire caused by electric devices. Capacity of
extinguisher is Min. 4.5 kg.
Dry powder extinguishers
Dry powder extinguisher contains extinguishing medium which either by itself or
under expected conditions of use gives off fine powder to prevent fire to get
oxygen. Dry powder extinguishers are suitable for all kinds of fires. Capacity of
one extinguisher will be Min. 5 kg Dry powder type ABIII-E.
Fire alarm system
The fire alarm system is a part of the primary systems and will take care of the
places which are unmanned or do not have any fixed fire extinguishing system.
Three nos. of fire alarms are provided to prevent spreading of fire in the plant
area.
6.3.2 Toxicity Hazard
The chemicals which create adverse effect to human body are called Toxic
Chemicals and hazard is Toxicity Hazard. The Toxicity of chemicals is defined
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based on their Threshold Limit Value on 8 hrs Time Weighted Average. The unit
uses toxic materials like Hydrochloric Acid, chloroform, Methylene chloride, nitric
acid, oleum, furan, hydrogen cynide, benzyle cynide, xylene and toluene etc.
in the manufacturing process. The detail of toxic chemical is given in Table-6.3.
Table-6.3 Details of Toxic chemical
TLV*, ppm Name of Chemical
IDLH STEL TWA Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) 100 5 5
Chloform 1000 -- 10
Methylene chloride 5000 500 75
Nitric acid 216 4 2
Oleum -- 3 1
Tetra Hydro Furan 20000 -- 200
Toluene 2000 150 100
Xylene 10000 150 100
Benzyle cynide -- -- 25
Sodium Cynide 10 10 --
*Note: TLV data are taken from “Fundamentals Of Industrial Safety and Health” complied by Dr. K. U. Mistry and “NIOSH Pocket Guide To Chemical Hazard” published by U.S. Department Of Health and Human Services.
TLV = Threshold Limit Value IDLH = Immediately Dangerous To Life Or HealthSTEL = Short Term Exposure LimitTWA = Time Weighed Average
The condition of events which can leads to Toxic Hazards
Incase of failure of bottom valve or overflow of the reaction vessel, the
chemicals will splash /fall on the employees. The leakage can also be taken
place during pumping of liquid and failure of any component during
transferring.
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A brief description of the measures roused to prevent spillage / leakage of
toxic chemicals
The preventive maintenance is planned and carried out as per plan to avoid
the failure of valve, pipe lines and other component of transferring line. The
spillage will be confined to the dyke area underneath the vessel. The resultant
splash of such chemicals will result in exposure of toxic chemicals to employees.
Decontamination facilities (Safety shower and eye wash fountains) are provided
in the plant area, which can be used to decontaminate the affected
employees.
Suitable decontamination procedure is used to decontaminate the spilled or
leaked material. The SOP for decontamination is reared with all related
department. The followings are some measured taken for handling the toxic
chemicals safely.
Suitable personal protective equipment like splash goggles, gloves and
protective clothes are provided while handling the toxic chemicals and
details of the same are given in Table-6.4.
The installation of all the equipment is as per guidelines of provision of
Gujarat Factories Rule 1963.
All the toxic chemicals are being stored under adequate safe condition.
The storage of corrosive and toxic chemicals is segregated from each other.
The piping is examined thoroughly every year for finding out any defects;
and a defect is removed forthwith. The record of such examination is
maintained.
Smoking is prohibited inside the factory. Train employees are employed for
handling of toxic and corrosive chemicals.
All pipe joints are provided with heavy duty champion gaskets to prevent
any leakage.
Self breathing apparatus are provided and workers are trained about their
use also.
Dyke wall is provided to tank farm area where hazardous chemicals are
stored.
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Spare barrels of sufficient quantity are kept ready for any emergency
spillage or leakage.
Dyke wall is provided to tank farm area where hazardous chemicals are
stored.
Drum trolley is used for the movement of drums of hazardous chemicals.
Most of the liquid chemicals are transferred by mechanical seal pump
through closed pipeline.
Table -6.4: The Details of Personal Protective Equipments
Sr. No. Type Of PPE Name Of PPE Hand gloves
1. Hand Protection Shock proof hand glovesHelmetHelmet ring2. Head Protection Helmet with welding face shield
3. Face Protection Face shield
4. Eye Protection Safety gogglesEar muff
5. Ear Protection Ear plugChemical resistance apronPVC apron 6. Body Protection Boiler suit - Blue colorCotton Mask
7. Respiratory Protection Dust maskSafety harness beltGeneral Purpose safety belt8. Fall Protection Rope ladderWind socks - 5ftFolding stretcher First aid box Rubber mat
9. Industrial Hazard Protection
Barricaded tape ( red color ) Electrical safety shoes Safety shoes 10. Foot Protection Half gum boot
6.3.3 Corrosive Hazardous
Unit uses corrosive substances viz. Caustic Lye, sulfuric acid, ammonia,
Methylene chloride, Hydro-bromic acid and Hydro-chloric acid in the
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manufacturing process. If corrosive substances are not handled properly it can
cause eye irritation and Skin allergy. Sometimes ingestion and inhalation of such
chemical can cause gastro-intestinal irritation and damage to the central
nervous system. The unit is taking following precautions while handling corrosive
chemicals.
Corrosive chemicals are transferred to another vessel by pumping to avoid
splash and manual handling.
Corroded valves, pipelines are periodically changed.
Personal Protective equipments are provided to all the workers who handle
such chemicals.
Pressure test, wall thickness test of each and every vessel is regularly carried
out.
Painting of equipment is being done on periodical basis with anti corrosive
paint.
All protective and safety precautions are observed while cleaning up spills
and chemical goggles are also used.
Corrosive substances are stored away from the moisture.
6.3.4 Electricity Hazard
Electrical Installation is carried out as per Indian Electricity Act 1910 and The
Indian Electricity Rules, 1956.
Monitoring of earth pit resistance is carried out.
Safety tag out system under the electric work permit is done for electric
isolation.
Marking of under ground path of the cable from substation to the
transformer.
Proper earthling is provided to pump body, drive motor and electrical
switch.
Provision of Rubber mats is made in working platforms of control room.
The ELCB is installed for human safety as and when required.
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6.3.5 Mechanical Hazards
The following general precautions are being taken during the project stages to
minimize and control the hazards due to mechanical failure,
Equipment
Vendors for fabrication are selected based on the exposure in the related
field. During fabrication the inspections are done at every stage like material
checking, weld joint checking, dimensions like thickness, diameters. All The
installation is as per the related standards and codes of fabrication.
Safety guards (Enclosures) are provided on the moving parts of the
machines.
Safety hand rails are provided around the heavy machineries.
Standard operating procedures (SOP) are provided near the machines to
read before operation. All are available in Gujarati and English Language
and easily readable to the workers.
Safety shoes, helmets & other precautionary equipment are provided to the
workers at the time of operation in the plant.
First aid kit is provided at every working location.
Hand trolley is used for manual handling and movement of the raw material
and products.
Civil
In principal R.C.C. frame structure / steel structure design is considered.
To go for more precise design some where mix design, R.C.C. frame structure
and steel structure, is considered.
Architectural views, Wind directions, Safety for escape at the time of
accidents, Bylaws of factories inspector’s office and site development is
taken for consideration of design in view of Equipment’s live loads, loads,
working space and other related details of equipments.
Roads, Drainage, mechanical and electrical layouts are planned in easy
and safe handling from maintenance consideration.
Following accident prevention methods are used during the operation stages to
minimize and control the hazards due to mechanical failure,
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Maintenance and inspection schedules
Regular maintenance and preventive maintenance are carried out as per
schedule.
All the rotating parts are guarded properly.
The high pressure storage tank thickness is tested by the outside agency
after every 6 months.
The crane, lift, hoist, fork lift system is also tested by the competent person
every year.
Description of responsibility for plant safety
Safety committee is formed which complies of senior persons with officers
and workers from each fields.
Safety department consist of nine management level employee & nine
workers.
This committee meet minimum once in every three months.
The points raised in the committee are ill implemented based on the
evaluation.
Work permits system
The meaning of work permit is the permit or approval for the work other than the
manufacturing process or routine manufacturing jobs. This is one type of
accident prevention technique. The main objectives of the permit systems are
as follows,
To ensure the safe working place
To ensure that all necessary precautions are taken
To prevent the human error
To prevent the unsafe condition
To prevent the incidents / accidents
To give information to the plant personnel
To make the hazardous operations smooth and tension free
The various work permits will be introduced according to the requirement.
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6.4 OCCUPATION HEALTH HAZARDS AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT
Health hazards associated with the occupation are called occupational
hazard. An occupational hazard is a thing or situation with the potential to harm
a worker. Occupational hazards can be divided into two categories:
Safety hazards, that cause accidents that physically injure workers,
Health hazards which result in the development of disease.
Hazards can be rated according to the severity of the harm they cause - a
significant hazard being one with the potential to cause a critical injury or
death.
6.4.1 Safety Hazards
Safety of plant personnel and equipment’s is of utmost importance irrespective
of plant size. Units will bring its environment, health and safety policy and follow
it. The need of safety is to protect and serve the mankind, to search and
suggest the safe ways of behavior and keeping the safe working.
Unit has already taken various preventive measures for plant safety. All the
existing practices will be continued after proposed expansion also.
Various emergency spots in plant area are identified and kept in sharp
and alert watch.
Fire and sand bucket and hose reels are provided to withstand the fire or
explosion conditions.
Various types of fire extinguishers such as (Foam type, water type, CO2
type) are also provided inside the factory premises. Unit will also increase
the no. of extinguishers after proposed expansion.
On site/off site emergency plan is also in practice.
Annual mock drill is carried out to train and aware the workers and other
employees in case of emergency situation as a part of on-site
emergency. Record of the same is maintained regularly.
Open space near security gate is decided as Assembly Point where all
the employees and worker are meet at the time of emergency
occurrence. Counting of workers and employees take place immediately
at assembly point and compared with those present.
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Safety guards (Enclosures) are provided on the moving parts of the
machines.
Safety hand rails are provided around the heavy machineries.
6.4.2 Occupational Health Hazards
Health hazards associated with the occupation are called occupational
hazard. Hazard identification is carried out through careful study of plant
process. Since chemical and fuel poses different kind of hazard, both have
been separately associated. The chemical poses more of Occupational Health
Hazard, while fuel posses more of safety / accidental hazards. Hazard and risk
assessment has been carried out for exposure to harmful dust / vapors, liquid
pool evaporation or boiling and leakage’s in confined space.
From the preliminary risk assessment study carried out for the unit some of the
possible hazards have been identified which are mentioned in Table 6.5.
Table 6.5: Accident Scenarios
Sr.No. Scenario Vulnerability
Zone Control Measures
1. Spill of Acids
Area close to spill area
Isolate the area immediately and ensure no ignition source comes near by. Reclaim the material if possible or cover the spill with sand/mud /foam (to be safely disposed off later)
2.
Toxic Liquid
Leakage/ Spillage in Confined
Space
Confined Area
Spillage to be mopped up, decontaminated (if required) and disposed of as per norms. Fresh Air inlet / Ventilation System to be fully opened. Ventilation Exhaust will carry harmful vapors. Personnel to avoid contact with exhaust vapors. Exhaust to be released at safe elevation.
The above mentioned hazards scenarios can further aggravate into much more
serious incidents if not intercepted in time. The vapors of toxic chemicals if
carried away by wind above TLV concentrations may further enlarge the
vulnerability zone. Similarly, toxic chemical spillage and all wastes leaving the
live processing zone if not decontaminated properly can cause serious health
hazard to plant personnel and persons in nearby area.
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A brief description of the measures roused to prevent health hazard
The potential health aspects, impacts and remedies are shown in Table - 6.6.
Some of the safety measure carried out by M/s. Sam Fine Chem Ltd. to ensure
prevention of occupational hazards is delineated below.
Suitable personal protective equipment like water jet blankets, gloves,
helmets, safety belts, first aid boxes is provided to personnel in the plant &
detail of the same is given in Table-6.4.
Use of protective equipments is regularly checked and will be kept easily
accessible and easily workable during emergency.
Monitoring of occupational hazards like noise, ventilation is carried out at
frequent intervals.
The workers exposed to higher noise level are provided with ear muffs/
ear plugs.
Drinking water supply for the employees is provided by the project
proponent and the standard of the drinking water is as per WHO
guidelines.
Proper sanitary facilities are made available by the project proponent so
that employees do not suffer from any health ailments.
Training includes information on accident prevention, proper control and
maintenance of equipment, first aid training and safe material handling
practices.
MSDS of the chemical used are made available at the place of use.
Storage and process areas are posted with “No Smoking” signs. Smoking
is prohibited throughout the factory. All management staff, Executives on
their rounds to factory ensures the compliance.
Adequate ventilation is provided in process area so that airborne
concentration does not exceed threshold limit value.
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Recommended actions to prevent exposure to gas are as follows:
Design facility ventilation to maximize air circulation.
Installed exhaust ventilation at the significant point sources of gas
emissions.
Provided a sealed cabin with filtered air conditioning for an operator
needed in a contaminated area.
Provided separated eating facilities that allow for washing before eating.
Provided facilities that allow work clothes to be separated from personal
clothes, and for washing / showering after work.
Implemented a policy for periodic health checks.
Recommended actions for respiratory protection include the following:
For light, metallic dust and gases, fresh-air supplied respirators are used.
Alternatively, a complete facial gas mask (or an “overpressure” helmet)
are used.
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Table - 6.6: Prospective of Health Aspects, Impact and RemediesPotential Health Aspect
Potential Health Effect First Aid Measures Remedies
INHALATION (acute)
Severe Irritant & Pneumonitis may occur. Severe respiratory disturbances. Effects from
inhalation of dust or mist to serious damage of the upper respiratory
tract causing coughing, burns, breathing difficulty and possible coma. Symptoms may include sneezing sore throat or runny
nose. Lack of sufficient oxygen may cause serious injury or death.
INHALATION (chronic)
Prolonged contact with dilute solutions or dust has a destructive
effect upon tissue. Repeated exposure may cause erosion of teeth. May cause conjunctivitis
and photosensitization. Prolonged inhalation can cause irritation of
mucous membranes.
Remove to fresh air, if not breathing
give artificial respiration. Get
medical attention immediately.
A system of local/general
exhaust is recommended. Wear a NIOSH
approved respirator when exposed to dust above exposure
limits.
EYECONTACT (acute/ chronic)
May cause eye irritation, severe burns and damage to cornea. That may result in permanent
impairment of vision, even blindness.
Immediately flush eyes with plenty of
water. Lifting upper and lower
eyelids immediately. Get
medical aid.
Wear safety goggles and/or full
face shield to prevent
Contact with eyes. Maintain eye wash
fountain and quick-drench
facilities in work area.
SKIN CONTACT (acute/ chronic)
May cause irritation, severe burns scaring with greater exposures
and photosensitization in certain individuals.
Immediately flush skin with soap and
plenty of water. Remove
contaminated clothing and shoes. Get
medical advice if irritation develops.
Wear impervious gloves, shoes and
protective clothing to prevent
skin contact
INGESTION (acute/ chronic)
Swallowing may cause severe burns of mouth, throat and
stomach. May cause permanent tissue destruction of the
esophagus and digestive tracts. Symptoms may include Bleeding, Vomiting, Diarrhea and possible
death.
Do not induce vomiting, but drink plenty of water or milk. Never give
anything by mouth to an unconscious
person. Seek Medical attention
for discomfort.
Wear face mask to prevent contact
with mouth.
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In addition to regular control measures to prevent the health hazards to the
workers, the following check-up are carried out regularly to avoid occupational
hazard.
Pre-employment medical check-up at the time of employment.
The unit has appointed the medical officer cum industrial hygienist for the
regular medical examination and treatment of the employee.
Certificate of fitness of employ is maintained. Reference medical check up
report of an employ is attached as Annexure-XVII.
Unit has also taken Steps to avoid musculo-skeletal disorders (MSD), backache,
pain in minor and major joints, fatigue etc.
Crane/fork lift/trolley for Loading, unloading & movement of the heavy
containers/bags etc. of raw material as well as product which ever is
appropriate.
Suitable flooring to allow easy movement of equipment. Earmarked/Anti skid
flooring is provided for the movement of the plant personnel.
Adequate ventilation and temperature control to ensure the comfort of user.
Adjustable room lighting with easily accessible dimmer controls; shaded
windows to eliminate light.
Accessories that improve posture and reduce muscular force should be
available and easily accessible to the user.
Adequate rest breaks between working hours is provided particularly for
procedures comprised of similar postural and muscular force attributes.
Regular shift changing is maintained to reduce mental physical burden on
the workers.
Maintain all equipment in good working order.
Unit has also planned to take following measures during proposed expansion.
Appropriate training will be given to workers on the risk & prevention of
musculo disorder.
Perform risk assessments in consultation with the users on a regular basis to
identify musculoskeletal disorders and formulate and implement controls for
the prevention and/or reduction of these disorders.
Task rotation will be encouraged in the workplace as much as possible.