chapter 3 1. solids have a definite shape and volume. hlhleast amount of movement of particles....
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 3
1. SOLIDS1. SOLIDS Have a definite
shape and volume. Least amount of
movement of particles.
Particles often arranged in a regular pattern, and tightly packed.
2. LIQUIDS2. LIQUIDS No definite shape, but
do have a definite volume.
A liquid will assume the shape of its container.
Particles are close together but move about freely.
3. GASES3. GASES No definite shape
nor volume Can fill any
container Particles are spread
out and move very fast. (1000 mph)
PLASMAPLASMAMost common
phase of matter in the universe.
Not found on earth.
Where can this be found?
Kinetic TheoryKinetic TheoryAll particles of matter are in
constant motion. Solids, liquids, and gases.
There are also forces of attraction between particles
PressurePressureA force exerted over a certain
areaMeasured in newtons/m2 or
pascals (Pa)
3 Factors that affect pressure:3 Factors that affect pressure:
1) Temperature
2) Volume
3) Number of particles
Charles’ LawCharles’ Law
The volume of a fixed amount of gas varies directly with the temperature in degrees kelvin of a gas.
Example:– Hot air balloons
Boyle’s LawBoyle’s Law
Named after Irish chemist Robert Boyle.
The volume of a fixed amount of gas varies inversely with the pressure of a gas.
Example:– Balloon in vacuum
Combined Gas LawCombined Gas Law When you look at the effect of both
temperature and pressure on a closed system of gas at the same time.
Formula:
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
Phase ChangesPhase Changes
ALL ARE PHYSICAL CHANGES The six types are:
– Melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, sublimation, and deposition
What happens to temperature What happens to temperature and heat energy during a phase and heat energy during a phase
change?change?
There is always a change in heat energy. Endothermic = heat energy is absorbed Exothermic = heat energy is released Temperature always remains constant.
Melting and freezingMelting and freezing
Melting Changing from a solid
to a liquid. The substance absorbs
energy
Freezing Changing from a
liquid to a solid. The substance releases
energy
vaporizationvaporization
Change of a substance from a liquid to a gas.
Must absorb energy.
2 types:1. Boiling2. Evaporation
EVAPORATIONEVAPORATION
Vaporization occurring at the surface of the liquid only.
BOILINGBOILING
Vaporization throughout the liquid.
Can you boil water when it is Can you boil water when it is cold?cold?
Boiling point depends on air pressure.
EARTH MOON
CondensationCondensation
Change of a gas to a liquid.
Releases heat energy
SublimationSublimation
Changing directly to a gas from the solid phase skipping the liquid state.
ex. – dry ice, iodine, ice and snow
DepositionDeposition
Changing directly from a gas to a solid. Frost forming on windows from the
humidity in the air.
ASSIGNMENTASSIGNMENT
Pages 95-96– 1-10, 17, 18, 21, 24, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32 – Page 97 1-6