SYSTEM CONCEPTS LESSON 27

SOFTWARE

USER

Hardware

Computer hardwarei. Input devices : any electronic device

connected to a computer and produces input signals.

(Eg: keyboard , joystick, light pen, mouse, video camera, scanner, webcam, bar code reader, CCTV. )

ii. Processor: - Brain of computer. Eg: CPU (central processing unit/

processor/ microprocessor)

iii. Output devices: shows people the process data information

(Eg: printer, plotter, speaker, monitor, LCD projector, woofer, headphone)

iv. Storage devices:- help users to store programs and data to be used at a later time.

(Eg: Floppy disk, diskette, CD-ROM, DVD ROM, flash memory card, pen drive, hard disk, floppy disk.)

Computer system

Computer Software

User Computer Hardware

Processor Input

devices

Storage Devices

Output Devices

Application software

System software

Examples:-BIOS program

-Operating system - Utility program

-Programming languages

Examples:-Word processing

-Spreadsheets -Databases -Accounting

-Games -Internet explorer

-Desktop publishing

Input Output PROCESSOR

The information processing cycle

LESSON 29

Storage

Machine Cycle

Processor

Fetching

Storing

Executing

Decoding

Data representation Data measurement Clock speed measurement

Binary digit1= on , true , yes 0 = off, false, no

Kilobyte (KB )1 KB = 2 10 bytes

1 hertz = 1 cycle 1 second

Bit (smallest unit of data )

Megabyte (MB)1 MB = 2 20 bytes

1 MHZ = 1,000,000 cycle 1 second

Byte 1 byte =8 bits Eg: 3, a, Z

Gigabyte (GB)1 MB = 2 30 bytes

1 GHZ = 1,000,000,000 cycle 1 second

1 GHZ= 1000 MHZ

Character 1 byte= one character Eg: 01000110 = F

Terabyte (MB)1 GB = 2 40 bytes

Morse code (1791-1872)

History of character codes

Telegraph (1845-1903)

Hollenrith Code (1850-1929)

ASCII (1963)

ASCIIDEFINITION :

-ASCII pronouced as “ask key” stands for the American standard Code For Information Interchange.

-Proposed by ASA (American standard Association)

- Examples: 0011000, 00110001

Functions of ASCII- Established to achieve compatibility between various type of data processing equipment making it possible for the components to communicate with each other successfully.

- enables manufactures to produce components that are assured to operate Correctly in a computer.

- make it possible for human to interact with a computer.

Devices Input / output

Text Graphic Audio / sound

Video Pointing

Keyboard Input /Virtual keyboard Bar code readerScanner Digital cameraMicrophone CCTV camera WebcamDigital video cameraMouse TrackballGraphics tablet Touch screen Monitor PrinterLCD projectorSpeakerFacsimile machine HeadphoneWoofer

Exercice 1: Tick the column with correct answers

Motherboard

Components of motherboard 1

Components of motherboard 2

-CPU (Central processing unit/ processor/ microprocessor)-CPU is a brain of computer.

-Integrated circuit chip that is capable of processing electronic signals.

LESSON 29, 37,39

What is CPU?

• It utilizes the computer memory to execute instructions from application software and accomplish a task.

• Eg: editing a letter, drawing a picture, sorting numbers • intepreted

What the functions of the CPU?

What the 2 subcomponents of the CPU?

• Control unit (CU)• Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)

How data is processed by the CPU

When a user starts a program, its instruction are transferred from storage device to the memory. The users enters the data needed by the program. The control unit the interpret and executes instructions in the memory. The Arithmetic Logic unit the performs calculation on the data in the memory. As a result, information is then stored in the memory. Information can then be sent to an output device or a storage device.

What is Computer Storage?• information are stored in the computer storage so that it can Be retrieved whenever they are needed later on.

What the functions of the Computer Storage?1. To help users store programs and data to be used at a later time.2. Stores instructions from a computer program.

Two types of the computer storage?1. Primary storage 2. Secondary storage

LESSON 40

Computer storage

Primary secondary Primary secondary Secondary Secondary storage storage

Installed internally Installed internally Installed Installed externallyexternally

Store, read, written Store, read, written or retrieve data or retrieve data

Alternative Alternative storage storage

RAM –volatile RAM –volatile

ROM – non –volatile ROM – non –volatile

Non-volatile Non-volatile

permanentlypermanently

Volatile – the content is lost when a computer’s power is turned off

LESSON 40, 42

RAMRAM ROMROM

Data & Data & programprogram

Stores during Stores during or after or after processing processing

Stored by Stored by manufacturermanufacturer

Content Content Store Store information information temporarilytemporarily

Stores Stores instructions instructions permanently permanently

Processing Processing time time

Fast, but uses Fast, but uses a lot of power a lot of power

Fast, uses little Fast, uses little power power

Volatility Volatility Volatile Volatile Non-volatile Non-volatile

Differences between RAM and ROM LESSON 41

System software Application software

Operating system Utility program

Eg: Operating System 1. Linux 2. Mac os x3. Unix 4 Windows XP

Eg: Utility Program

1. Antivirus 2. File manager 3. Diagnostic utility 4 screen saver

Eg: Application Software

1. Word processing 2. spreadsheet3. Database 4 Presentation

LESSON 43,44 ,48

System software VS Application software LESSON 43

System softwareSystem software Application softwareApplication software

Usage Usage Enables the computer to Enables the computer to function properlyfunction properly

Enables users to work Enables users to work efficiently with efficiently with documentation such as documentation such as letters.letters.

Need Need CompulsoryCompulsory Optional Optional

No. of No. of softwaresoftware

Each computer only Each computer only needs one system needs one system software software

Each computer have more Each computer have more than one software than one software

DependencyDependency Independent Independent Dependent Dependent

Function Function Provides the environment Provides the environment in which the application in which the application run run

Enable users to accomplish Enable users to accomplish specific tasks.specific tasks.

Differences between operating system and utility programLESSON 44

Operating system Operating system Utility program Utility program

Contain instructions that Contain instructions that coordinate all the activities coordinate all the activities among computer hardware among computer hardware resources.resources.

Perform maintenance type task, Perform maintenance type task, usually related to managing a usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its program computer, its devices or its program

Computer cannot be used or Computer cannot be used or started without an operating started without an operating systemsystem

Helps managing a computer easier, Helps managing a computer easier, computers can still be used or computers can still be used or started without it. started without it.

Linux, Mac OSX, Unix, Windows Linux, Mac OSX, Unix, Windows XPXP

Antivirus, anti-spyware, screen Antivirus, anti-spyware, screen saver, firewall, file manager.…saver, firewall, file manager.…

LESSON 451. Define the operating system?Is a set of program that schedule task, allocates storage and Presents a default interface to the user between applications.

2. State the functions of the operating system? a) Starting a computer b) Providing a user interface c) Managing data and program, memoryd) Configuring devices

3. State 3 different user interfaces of operating system.a) Command line b) menu-drivenc) GUI

Give the correct operating system for this platforms

Platforms Platforms Operating system Operating system

PC platform PC platform Disk operating system Disk operating system (DOS), windows xp(DOS), windows xp

Apple platformApple platform Mac OS, MAC OS X Mac OS, MAC OS X

Cross-platform Cross-platform Unix, Linux Unix, Linux

LESSON 44,45, 54

Utility program…… Exercises

1. Define the utility program?

Known as service program, perform maintenance type taskRelated to the managing of a computer, its devices, or its program.

The tasks/ usages of the application software:

1. Word processing- Enables users to create, edit, format and print textual documents.-Eg: Corel word Perfect, Microsoft Word, Sun Staroffice Writer

2. spreadsheet-program that process information in the form of grid of column

and rows.-eg: Corel Quattro Pro, Microsoft Excel, Sun Staroffice Calc

3. Presentation - Enables user to create transparencies, slides, and handouts for

presentation. - eg: Corel presentation, Microsoft Power point, Sun staroffice

impress.

4. Graphic Editing - Program that can edit digital representation or non text-

information such as drawing, charts and photograph.

M/s 127-129

LESSON 48

Advanced features of application software :

1. MAIL MERGE- Powerful features of word processing.- to create numerous modicum of personalization - eg: catalogues, envelopes, form letters….

2. MACRO- Microsoft Excel- Is sequence of keystrokes and instruction that are recorded and saved.

3. LOOKUP- In spreadsheet - allow to take any value entered, find it in a designated table, and return a value from that same table.4. PROTECTION- In spreadsheet- Allow you to protect your information from being lost.

5. PIVOT TABLE - In spreadsheet- allow user to summarize and simplify task that contain a lengthy list using complex criteria.

6. DROP CAP allow you to offset the first letter of the sentences or paragraph.

7. WATERMARK Any text or graphic image that is printed to overlap the existing text in a document. either in the background or foreground. 8. CROP in graphic software. used for cropping or cutting picture down to size.

Proprietary Software Vs Open Source Software

Proprietary SoftwareProprietary Software Open Source Open Source SoftwareSoftware

DefinitionDefinition Closed source Closed source softwaresoftware

Not closed softwareNot closed software

Examples of softwareExamples of software 1. MS-DOS1. MS-DOS

2. MAC OS2. MAC OS

3. UNIX3. UNIX

4. Windows XP4. Windows XP

1. OpenOffice.org1. OpenOffice.org

2. PHP-Nuke2. PHP-Nuke

3. The GIMP3. The GIMP

4. Mozilla 4. Mozilla

1. Runs on a wide 1. Runs on a wide range of hardware range of hardware

2. Largest market 2. Largest market shareshare

3. Built in utilities3. Built in utilities

1. Runs on a wide 1. Runs on a wide range of hardwarerange of hardware

2. Largest number of 2. Largest number of user interface type user interface type

3. Used as server or 3. Used as server or desktop PCdesktop PC

LESSON 56

Advantages of the Advantages of the softwaresoftware

1.1.Stable systemStable system

2.2.Safe & guarantee Safe & guarantee

3. Easier to install 3. Easier to install

1.1.Can modify the Can modify the source code source code

2.2.Cheaper in researchCheaper in research

Disadvantages of the Disadvantages of the softwaresoftware

1. Manufacturer in 1. Manufacturer in pressure pressure

2. Security is a major 2. Security is a major issues.issues.

1. No exact 1. No exact knowledgeknowledge

2. Codes are too 2. Codes are too complicated complicated

Lesson 66Pervasive computing

What is Pervasive Computing?

Means the technology that is gracefully integrated in our everyday life.Pervasive computing uses web technology, portable devices, wireless

communication, and nomadic or ubiquitous computing.

Examples of the pervasive computing?

1. Watch phone 2. Wearable grass monitor 3. TV Remote Control Watch4 video phone 5 GPS 6 SpyPen7 Touch n Go SmartTags8 3G technology video phone