CHAPTER 29.1.2.3.5Independence Movements Around the World

Egyptian Independence

Independence for Egypt

In 1922, the British declared Egypt independent.

$ The British government would leave military forces there to defend Egypt and the Suez Canal. $ British also maintained administrative control over the Sudan.$ Britain also wanted to oversee Egypt’s foreign policy.

In 1936 after Italy invaded Ethiopia the British and Egypt forged the Angelo-Egyptian Treaty.

$ provided British military support and presence for 20 years in Egypt.$ 2 nations pledged support for each other in case war breaks out. $ Britain helped Egypt gain a membership in the League of Nation’s/

Palestine and Israel

Middle EastTransjordan, Iraq, and Palestine – Allies \ BritishZealots \ ZionismBalfour Declaration – Arabs vs. JewsKibbutzim

India and the Commonwealth

British allyNationalists vs. Non NationalistsHindu vs. MuslimMohandas GandhiPassive ResistanceBritish Commonwealth of NationsCanada, Australia, New Zealand, and South AfricaVoluntary association of countries in order to create public welfare or to create a political or economic advantage

Turkey

Ottoman Empire defeated and reduced to TurkeyMustafa Kemal1st PresidentModernization \ No sultan \ limits influence of IslamRepublic of Turkey 

Persia (aka) Iran

Reza Shah PahlaviIranBritish vs. Russia but Germany

Africa

WWI brings Africans experiences and desire for nationalism. (Western ideals)

NATIONALISTIC MOVEMENT IN CHINA

Chapter 29.3

1900’s China Dominated by Foreigners

The U.S. and The Open-Door Policy

What to do about the foreigners…

Young Qing Emperor wants to modernize◦ Problem…

conservatives don’t want change

To stop change…◦ Empress Dowager

Tz’u hsi Jailed Emperor Encouraged anti-foreign

campaigns Boxer Rebellion

The KuomintangNationalistic

MovementLeader Sun Yixan1912 o/throw

Qing3 Principles:

1. Unification2. Democratic Gov.3. Improve Eon.

Chiang Kai-shekReplaced Sun

YixanAnti-democratic

gov.Wanted to rid

China of Communists

Communist in ChinaLong March Mao Zedong

◦ Leader of Communists

LATIN AMERICAChapter 29.5

Latin America (LA) Post-WWIProsperingMostly AgriculturalBeginning to

Industrialize◦ New Industry led to

more… Cities People Working & middle

classStill no democracy

Economic Prob. 1930’sPrices fellAffected by

Great DepressionPracticed

Economic Nationalism◦ AKA Protect OWN

Econ.Econ. Prob. led

to Dictatorships

LA and US Relationship

Before WWI Bad◦ “Big Stick

Diplomacy”FDR tried to

change◦ “Good Neighbor

Policy” Cooperate &

Nonintervention