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Slide 2 Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 A lesson for the 8 th grade student Kayla Shinneman, Amber Carney, Alicia McMahon, Takara Campbell, Robin Manzella HSC4302 Spring 2008 Slide 3 Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 What will you learn? Causes of infectious diseases Who, What, Where? Common infectious diseases Bacterial Viral Preventing infectious diseases Active immunity Passive immunity Slide 4 Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Infectious Diseases Disease caused by organisms that enter the human body and multiply. The history Since the beginning of time. Slide 5 Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Slide 6 Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 What is the cause? Most infections are caused by pathogens. Pathogens live on all surfaces Can spread through many different vectors and vehicles. Slide 7 Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 5 Causes 1. Bacterial 2. Viral 3. Fungi 4. Protozoan 5. Rickettsias Slide 8 Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 The Virus vs. The Bacteria Bacterial Most are harmless Causes most respiratory illnesses Can be cured by antibiotics Viral Causes the most illnesses Causes most forms of the common cold Cannot be cured by antibiotics Slide 9 Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Spreading it around Direct Contact Indirect Contact Animals Vectors Vehicles Inanimate Objects Environment Slide 10 Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Slide 11 Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Slide 12 Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Getting Sick is Never Fun Common Cold Influenza Tuberculosis Strep Throat Encephalitis Meningitis Mononucleosis Slide 13 Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Common Cold What is it? Infection of your upper respiratory tract (nose & throat) How did I get it? Droplets in the air Hand-to-Hand contact Handling Contaminated Objects Slide 14 Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Common Cold What are the symptoms? Appear 1 to 3 days after exposure to cold virus. Runny or Stuffy Nose Sneezing Sore Throat Cough Congestion Low Grade Fever (Up to 102 F) Slide 15 Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Common Cold How do I treat it? No cure Antibiotics do not treat cold viruses Pain Relievers Decongestant Nasal Sprays Cough Syrups Slide 16 Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Influenza (The Flu) What is it? Viral infection of the respiratory tract (nose, throat, bronchial tubes, lungs) How did I get it? Spread through droplets in the air What are the symptoms? High grade fever (101 F) Chills and Sweats Dry Cough Headache Body aches & weakness Congestion Slide 17 Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Influenza (The Flu) How do I treat it? Bed Rest Plenty of fluids Antiviral Medications may be prescribed by doctor Get your flu shot!!! Slide 18 Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Tuberculosis What is it? Bacterial infection that affects your lungs TB infection vs. active TB Very dangerous! (active TB) How did I get it? Highly contagious (active TB) Spread through droplets in the air Slide 19 Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Tuberculosis What are the symptoms TB infection: No symptoms Not contagious Active TB: Cough lasting 3 or more weeks Pain with breathing & coughing Slight Fever Unexplained weight loss Chills Night Sweats Slide 20 Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Tuberculosis How do I treat it? TB infection: TB medication INH used for 6-9 months Active TB: Several TB medications Hospitalization Slide 21 Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Strep Throat What is it? Bacterial throat infection How did I get it? Streptococcal bacteria Highly contagious Bacteria spread through droplets in air What are the symptoms? Sore throat Red, swollen tonsils Swollen, tender lymph glands (in neck) Fever Headache Slide 22 Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Strep Throat How do I treat it? Antibiotics Treating strep is very important! Slide 23 Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Encephalitis What is it? Viral infection causing inflammation of the brain Can be life-threatening How did I get it? Insects Other viruses Slide 24 Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Encephalitis What are the symptoms? Drowsiness Seizures Sudden Fever Severe Headache Nausea and Vomiting Stiff neck How do I treat it? Mild infections: Rest, healthy diet, plenty of fluids More severe infections: anti-viral drugs Slide 25 Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Meningitis What is it? Inflammation of the meninges Can be viral or bacterial Meningococcal Meningitis How did I get it? Spread through air droplets and direct contact with an infected person Slide 26 Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Meningitis What are the symptoms? High fever Severe headache Vomiting and nausea Seizures Confusion Sleepiness Slide 27 Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Meningitis How do I treat it? Meningococcal Vaccine available! Bacterial meningitis: Immediate treatment VERY IMPORTANT Requires IV antibiotics Slide 28 Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Mononucleosis What is it? Mono- The Kissing Disease Virus How did I get it? Virus is transmitted through saliva Slide 29 Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Mononucleosis What are the symptoms? Weakness Sore throat Fever Swollen lymph nodes & tonsils Skin rash How do I treat it? Bed Rest Plenty of fluids Slide 30 Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Lets Experiment with Each Other Get up & Move around the classroom Only get 3 signatures from your classmates Follow instructions carefully. Have fun! Slide 31 Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Slide 32 Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 How? Active Immunity Life long immunity Developed over time Ex: Disease A: Chicken Pox Bacteria A Bacteria Aa Passive Immunity Temporary immunity Few months Mother to baby Slide 33 Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Vaccines 3 major types Live Virus Made from weakened virus strain Killed Virus Cause body to produce antibodies Toxoids Destroys toxic properties Slide 34 Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Impact of Meningitis Vaccine Slide 35 Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Its Common Sense! Always wash your hands Keep your house clean If someone is sick do not: Kiss Hug Be in close contact Never share your toothbrush The five second rule does not exist. Cook food completely Maintain healthy diet Slide 36 Chapter 28 HSC 4302 SPR08 Community Resources Alachua County Health Department 224 SE 24th St. Gainesville, FL 32641 (352)334-7900 School Nurse American Red Cross 1724 NE 2nd St Gainesville, FL 32609 (352) 376-4669