Chapter 26 Section 1Origins of the Cold War

Objectives

• We will discuss the events that began the Cold War

Terms & Names

• United Nations• Satellite Nation• Containment• Iron Curtain • Cold War• Truman Doctrine• Marshall Plan

• Berlin Airlift• North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Former Allies Clash

• Who were the Allies in WWII?

Communists vs. Capitalists

• Joseph Stalin• Harry S. Truman

The United Nations

• An organization designed to promote peace among nations.

• April 25, 1945 San Francisco• June 26, 1945

Potsdam Conference

• July 1945• The Big Three• Discussed structure of Europe after the War

Bargaining at Potsdam

• USSR wanted Germany to pay for war damages.

• How would Truman feel about this?• Communism vs. Capitalism

What USSR Wanted

• Encourage communism in Europe• Rebuild with Eastern Europe resources• Control Eastern Europe• Keep Germany divided

What United States Wanted

• Create a New World Order.• Gain access to raw materials and markets• Rebuild Europe to ensure stability• Reunite Germany and make it productive

Soviets Tighten Their Grip

• Splitting Germany• Satellite Nations

United States Stance

• Containment• Divided Europe• Iron Curtain

The Start of the Cold War

• 1945-1991• Greece and Turkey• England assisted to stop communism• Truman Doctrine• US would support free people who are

resisting outside pressures• $400,000,000

The Marshall Plan

• How was Europe after WWII?• 1947 Secretary of State George Marshall• 16 countries• $13,000,000,000 in aid.

Remember this?

Clash of the Titans

• USSR did not have to grant access to Berlin.• June 1948 all roads and rails were closed.• Only five weeks of food and fuel.• What can be done?

Berlin Airlift

• 327 Days• 24 hours a day• 277,000 flights• Food, fuel, medicine, gifts• By May 1949 USSR gives up.

NATO Alliance

• April 9, 1949• North Atlantic Treaty Organization• Protection

Chapter 26 Section 2The Cold War Heats Up.

Objectives

• We will discuss how the Cold War was a battle beyond just USA vs USSR.

• We will learn how communism spread to other places.

Terms & Names

• Chiang Kai-sek• Mao Zedong• Taiwan• 38th Parallel• Korean War

The Cold War

• Who were the two main players?

China Becomes Communist• What was Japan doing prior to WWII?

China Becomes Communist

• Chiang Kai-Shek – Nationalist Leader

• U.S. sent $3,000,000,000 in aid.

• Helped his allies.

China Becomes Communist• China had a rice famine in 1944.• What should Kai-shek do?• Taxes• 10,000% increase in price.

China Becomes Communist

• Communism• Protests• Mao Zedong• Communist Party• Encouraged education

A Renewed Civil War• Japan loses WWII• Nationalists vs. Communists• U.S. tried to broker peace and help the

Nationalists.• In 1949 the nationalists fled to Taiwan.• Peoples Republic of China

United States Reaction• Containment failed• Truman was attacked by Republicans and

Democrats.• Some blamed hidden communists

1949 Election• Harry S. Truman – Democrat• Thomas Dewey – Republican• Strom Thurmond - Dixiecrat

1949 Election• We finished WWII• Now we are spending money in Asia.• How would the voters feel?

The Korean War• Japan invaded Korea during WWII.• After the war all land above the 38th Parallel

was surrendered to the Soviets.• Korea became split.

North Attacks South

• June 25, 1950• North Korea invaded South Korea.• South Korea called the United Nations for

help.• USSR did not attend the meeting.• How would the U.S. react?

United States Reaction

• June 27 Truman ordered troops in Japan to help.

• 520,000 soldiers• UN and US• Douglas MacArthur

MacArthur’s Counterattack• Sept 15, 1950 he launched an amphibious

attack.

Chinese Fight Back• China assists the North Koreans • Allowed the South fight back to the border.• November 1950, 300,000 Chinese soldiers

line up at the Yalu River• “We face an entirely new war”

Stalemate!• Chinese soldiers outnumbered ten to one.• Fought at the border for two years.

MacArthur’s Solution

• Attack China• Use nuclear weapons• What would Truman say?• Sent more troops to South Korea instead.

MacArthur vs. Truman

• MacArthur wanted to still attack China.• Spoke to newspapers about his plan.• Wrote to Republican leaders.• April 1, 1951 he was fired by Truman.

The End

• After the firing USSR suggested a cease-fire.• June 23, 1951• 54,000 US deaths• $67,000,000,000• 1952 election was coming up.

Chapter 26 Section 3The Cold War at Home

Objectives

• We will learn how the Cold War affected politics in the United States.

Vocabulary

• HUAC• Hollywood Ten• Blacklist• Alger Hiss• Ethel and Julius Rosenberg• Joseph McCarthy• McCarthyism

Fear

• What are you afraid of?

Fear of Communism

• Soviet Union• China• Korea• United States?

How to Stop Communism Spreading

• Republicans wanted Truman to be hard on communism in the US.

• What should he do?• Federal Employee Loyalty Program• Loyalty Review Board

Loyalty Review Board

• 91 “Subversive” Organizations• Investigated 3,200,000 employees• Dismissed 212• 2,900 resignations

HUAC

• House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)• Investigated Hollywood.• Pro-Soviet movies• Hollywood Ten “unfriendly” witnesses• Sent to prison• Blacklist• 500 actors and writers

McCarran Act

• 1950 – Unlawful to plan any action that might lead to a totalitarian dictatorship.

• Truman vetoed• Congress overruled

Spy vs. Spy

• Former communist spy• Alger Hiss• Congressional investigation• Congressman Nixon

More Spies

• Atomic Bomb• Ethel and Julius Rosenberg• Pled the fifth• Found guilty• Death Sentence

Witch hunts

• Senator Joseph McCarthy• What is a politicians biggest goal?• 1950• McCarthyism• A list of names.

McCarthy’s Downfall

• 1954 McCarthy makes accusations against the US Army.

• Senate investigation• Bullying

Chapter 26 Section 4Two Countries Living

on the Edge

Objectives

• We will discuss how life was like in the United States during the Cold War.

• Along with that we will cover how the world reacted to the Cold War

Vocabulary• H-Bomb• Dwight D. Eisenhower• John Foster Dulles• Brinksmanship• CIA• Warsaw Pact• Eisenhower Doctrine• Nikita Kruschev• Francis Gary Powers• U-2 Incident

Nuclear Weapons

• USSR detonates its first atomic bomb in 1949.• What is Truman to do?

Bigger, Bader, Bolder• Manhattan Project• H-Bomb• 70 times stronger• 1952 USSR made one

1952 Election• 22nd Amendment• Dwight D. Eisenhower (R)• Adlai Stevenson (D)

Brinksmanship• Secretary of State John Foster Dulles• Anti-Communist• Brinkmanship • Build up the army to the edge of war.

How I Learned How to Love the Bomb

• Civil Defense • Education• Posters• Movies• Drills

The Cold War Spreads

• Eisenhower starts a new agency.• Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)• Gather information and conduct covert

operations.

Remember NATO?• How would the USSR feel about it?• 1955• Warsaw Pact• Seven Eastern European nations united to

protect each other.

Flying the Friendly Skies• Geneva convention of 1955• Eisenhower proposed “open skies”• We can fly over USSR and USSR can fly over

the US.

The Suez War 1956

• Building the Aswam High Dam• Egypt tried getting money• US stopped funding• Suez Canal was closed• UN Became involved

Eisenhower Doctrine

• January 1957• US would defend the

Middle East against any communist attack.

A New Soviet Leader

• Stalin died in 1953• Nikita Krushchev• Wanted communism spread

Space Race

• October 4, 1957• Sputnik• US would follow

Space Race (cont.)

• January 31, 1958• Explorer 1

A U-2 is Shot Down

• “Open Skies”• U-2 Spy Plane• Francis Gary Powers• U-2 Incident• 10 year sentence• Served 21 months