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     CAMBIDGE A LEEL

    PHIC

     QANM PHIC

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     LEANIN G OCOMEN.

    LEANING OCOME

    .   E M . B .

    .   E M .

    .   E M .

    .   . C

    B .

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     LEANIN G OCOMEN.

    LEANING OCOME.  

    .

    C  

    .

    .   ?

    .  

    .   C

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     D A L N A E O F E M

    A D I A I O N•   J M 1864

    EM    

    .

    F 2.1; P 53, C 2: P P ; C MP, B, A; MG H P; N , A; 2003.

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    • H, M

    .

    • H H 1898 ,

    EM .

     D A L N A E O F E M

    A D I A I O N

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    • I , H

      .

    •    ,

    ( ).

     D A L N A E O F E M

    A D I A I O N

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    •   , ,

    EM   , .

     D A L N A E O F E M

    A D I A I O N

    F 2.4; P 57, C 2: P P ; C MP, B, A; MG H P; N , A; 2003.

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    •   EM   19 .

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    •   A  

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     D A L N A E O F E M

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    •  A

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    A D I A I O N

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    • A   .

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    •  E

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    • H,  

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     D A L N A E O F E M

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    F 2.8; P 60, C 2: P P ; C M

    P, B, A; MG H P; N , A; 2003.

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    •  I 1900, M ( G

    ),

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     H, .

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    A D I A I O N

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    •   

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    •  ,  

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    •    EM  

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     •     

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     •  EM

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     • N, , EM

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    EAMPLE • C

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    EAMPLE

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    ,C P, C, K,2014.

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    EAMPLEQ 3 F 30.4 ,

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    EAMPLE

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    , 2 , C P, C, K,2014.

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     • 

    EM .

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      H E P H O O E L E C I C

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     • E

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     • D:

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      H E P H O O E L E C I C

    E F F E C

    38.1, 1264, C 38: P: L P;

    P, F, 13 , P

    E, F, 2012.

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     • A ,

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     • D:

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     • 

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     • 

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      H E P H O O E L E C I C

    E F F E C F 30.9, 473, C 30:

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    I A A LP C, , J,

    C , 2

    , C

    P, C, K,2014.

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     • 

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      H E P H O O E L E C I C

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     •  : –

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      H E P H O O E L E C I C

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      H E P H O O E L E C I C

    E F F E C

    F 2.9; P 63, C 2: P P ; C M

    P, B, A; MG H P; N , A; 2003.

    H E P H O O E L E C I C

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     • 

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    H E P H O O E L E C I C

    E F F E C

    H E P H O O E L E C I C

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     • N

    ; .

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     • C :

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     • C

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    A :•     EM

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     A ():•     .•   EM

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    E:

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     E ():

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    H E P H O O E L E C I C

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     E ():

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    ; .   ,   .

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    H E P H O O E L E C I C

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     E ():

    • I     , . , ,   .

    •    

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      H E P H O O E L E C I C

    E F F E C

    H E P H O O E L E C I C

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     E ():

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    •  . .

    , P.

      H E P H O O E L E C I C

    E F F E C

    H E P H O O E L E C I C

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      H E P H O O E L E C I C

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    F 2.12; P 64, C 2: P P ; C M P, B, A; MG H P; N , A; 2003.

    H E P H O O E L E C I C

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      :

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    H E P H O O E L E C I C

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    ():

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      ():

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      ():

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      ():

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      ():

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      ():

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      ():

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    E F F E C

    F 2.10; P 63, C 2: P P ; C M

    P, B, A; MG H P; N , A; 2003.

    P

      

      H E P H O O E L E C I C

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     • 

    EM

    (, )  ,  .• 

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      H E P H O O E L E C I C

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    •   

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    E F F E C

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    P, B, A; MG H P; N , A; 2003.

         

      

        

      H E P H O O E L E C I C

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    • 

           ,   .  ,

       .•     ,   

      ,.

    E F F E C

      H E P H O O E L E C I C

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    • 

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    E F F E C

     

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    ?:

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      ? ():

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     C :

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    H E P H O O E L E C I C

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     C ():

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    • 

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    .

    E F F E C

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    EAMPLE

    Q 10, 474, C 30: Q P ; C I A

    A L P C, , J, C , 2 ,

    C P, C, K,2014.

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    EAMPLEQ 11 30.5, 474,C 30:

    Q P ;C

    I A

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    , C

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    EAMPLE

    Q 12, 474, C 30: Q P ; C I A

    A L P C, , J, C , 2 ,

    C P, C, K,2014.

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    EAMPLE

    Q 13, 474, C 30: Q P ; C I A

    A L P C, , J, C , 2 ,

    C P, C, K,2014.

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    EAMPLEQ 1; 45: P D E ;

    113; POBLEM IN PHIC ; E.D

    GADINE, B.L MKIICK;

    MG H B C,

    1985.

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    EAMPLEQ 1; 45: P D E ;

    113; POBLEM IN PHIC ; E.D

    GADINE, B.L MKIICK;

    MG H B C,

    1985.

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     A E N A E O F

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    • A 1927

    () , .

      D

    G ( A) G. (I E).

    P A I C L E

     A E N A E O F

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    P A I C L E

    •   D G

    .

    D 39.2, 1287, 39.1: E , C 39: P

    B ; P, F,

    13 , P E, F, 2012.

     A E N A E O F

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    P A I C L E

    50

    F 4.5, 105, 4.2:

    E E

    B , C 4:

    P P;

    M P, K . K,

    3 , J ,

    I., N , 2012.

     A E N A E O F

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    •  D G

      54 .• E  

    .

    •    50. .

    P A I C L E

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    P A I C L E D 39.3(), 1288, 39.1:

    E , C 39: P B

    ;

    P, F, 13 ,

    P E, F, 2012.

    A E N A E O F

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     •  ? –

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     – EM

    , .

    P A I C L E

     A E N A E O F

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    P A I C L E F 30.23,

    481, C 30:

    Q P ;

    C

    I A

    A L P

    C, ,

    J, C , 2

    , C

    P,

    C,

    K,2014.

     A E N A E O F

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    •  .

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    .

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    P A I C L E

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    , C 4: P P; M P,

    K . K, 3 , J , I., N , 2012.

     A E N A E O F

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    •  .

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    P A I C L E

     A E N A E O F

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    P A I C L E

    F 4.3 105, 4.2:

    E E B

    , C 4:

    P P; M P,

    K . K, 3 , J

    , I., N , 2012.

    •  

    .

     A E N A E O F

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    •  B

    ,λ .

    •  B

     :

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    P A I C L E

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    A E N A E O F

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    •  ():

    N B (

    ) (

    P A I C L E

     

    A E N A E O F

    P A I C L E

  • 8/19/2019 Chapter 25 Quantum Physics

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    •  ():

    ,:

    •   .

    P A I C L E

  • 8/19/2019 Chapter 25 Quantum Physics

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    EAMPLE

    E; P 245, C 9: P, E A; 9.2:

    D, I A/A L P, M, C, A B, H

    E, K, 2008.

    EAMPLE

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    EAMPLE

    Q 4; 9.3: E ; P 253, C 9: P, E

    A; I A/A L P, M, C, A B,

    H E, K, 2008.

  • 8/19/2019 Chapter 25 Quantum Physics

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    EAMPLE

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    EAMPLE

    Q 20, 482, C 30: Q P ; C I A

    A L P C, , J, C , 2 ,

    C P, C, K,2014.

    M O D E N AO M I C M O D E L

  • 8/19/2019 Chapter 25 Quantum Physics

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    F 39.19(), 1299, 39.3: E L B M

    A, C 39: P B ;

    P, F, 13 , P E, F, 2012.

    M O D E N AO M I C M O D E L

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    •   B

    .

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    •  

    •   ?

    M O D E N AO M I C M O D E L

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     • N B, 1913,

    .

    • B

    .

    M O D E N AO M I C M O D E L

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     • B :

    I. E ;

    ;II. E

    ;

    M O D E N AO M I C M O D E L

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     • B :

    III. A ;

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    .

    M O D E N AO M I C M O D E L

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    F 30.15,

    482, C 30:

    Q P ;

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    A L P

    C, ,

    J, C

    , 2

    , C

    P,

    C, K,2014.

    M O D E N AO M I C M O D E L

  • 8/19/2019 Chapter 25 Quantum Physics

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    • 

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    .

    M O D E N AO M I C M O D E L

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    •   

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    • 

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  • 8/19/2019 Chapter 25 Quantum Physics

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    M O D E N AO M I C M O D E L

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     •  A

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     •  E

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  • 8/19/2019 Chapter 25 Quantum Physics

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  • 8/19/2019 Chapter 25 Quantum Physics

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    F 30.16 (), 477,

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    C I A

    A L P C,, J, C

    , 2 , C

    P, C,

    K,2014.

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  • 8/19/2019 Chapter 25 Quantum Physics

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