chapter 24 section 1. giuseppe marconi camillo di cavour giuseppe garibaldi red shirts victor...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 24 Section 1
Giuseppe Marconi Camillo di Cavour Giuseppe Garibaldi Red shirts Victor Emmanuel
Prince Metternich wanted to maintain old Europe
15 years later Metternich said old Europe is nearing the end
Nationalism a growing force during the 1800’s
Fostered by some of the decisions made at the Congress
Congress created political boundaries
They ignored national groups
Placed group under control of large empires
Some had different ethnic groups
Austria empire home to Croats Czechs Germans Hungarians Italians Poles Serbs Slovenes
Italians split into three groups
Much of northern Italy under Austrian rule
Some Italian states under Hapsburg rule
Some under French Rule
Italian nationalism grew under opposition to this rule
• Artists,, writers, thinkers celebrate Italy’s traditions
• Italians in Austria formed secret societies
• Plotting overthrow of Austrian government
• 1831 Giuseppe Mazzini helped launch the group Young Italy
• Fight for the unification of Italian states
• He had been exiled for being outspoken
• Smuggled patriotic pamphlets into Italy
• Mazzini believed Europe needed to redraw the lines set by the Congress of Vienna
Mazzini attracted tens of thousands of Italians
Italy ready to unite behind a strong national leader
Nationalists revolutions spread throughout Europe in 1848
State of Piedmont declared war against Austria and was defeated
1849 Revolutionaries seized Rome
French troops helped Pope regain control
Sardinia was the only successful revolution
Camillo di Cavour- leader for Italian reunification
Thought Italian nationalist movement was strong enough to unite Italy
Founded nationalist newspaper Il Risorgimento (rebirth)
1852 Cavour becomes
prime minister Believe thriving
economy was important
Believed Italy should be a monarchy
Supported France in its war with Russia
France supported them with the war with Austria
1860 northern Italian states were liberated from Austria
Giuseppe Garibaldi- was called the sword of Italy
1833 joined the Young Italy movement
Learned guerilla warfare from his exile in South America
Returned to Italy in 1854
Named after their colorful uniforms
Using guerilla warfare gained control of Sicily in 1860
Cavour annexed territory in central Italy
1870 French forced to withdraw troops from Rome
Italian troops enter Rome
Italy unified King Victor
Emanuel their leader
Strong regional differences led to lack of unity
Italians resented being governed by Rome
Rome became new capitol in 1871
Catholic church did not recognize Italy as a legitimate nation
Pope prohibited Catholics from voting
Poverty was a serious problem
Rising taxes led to revolts
Poverty led Italians to emigrate
At the time of unification only the wealthiest men could vote
As Italy industrialized reforms were passed Limiting working
hours Prohibiting child labor Built transportation
and water systems Encouraged industry
1882 Italy formed a military alliance with Austria-Hungary and Germany
Would defend each other if attacked
This alliance brought most of Europe into war in 1914
Tried to gain control of Ethiopia
1896 defeated by Ethiopian army
1911 Italy declare war on the Ottoman Empire
Italy gained territory in Africa