Chapter 24Chapter 24

Nationalist Revolutions Sweep the WestNationalist Revolutions Sweep the West1789-19001789-1900

Section 2Revolutions Revolutions

Disrupt EuropeDisrupt EuropeAIM: Liberal and nationalist uprisings challenged the AIM: Liberal and nationalist uprisings challenged the

old conservative order of Europeold conservative order of Europe

Nationalism Changes Europe

• Congress of Vienna attempted to restore Europe like it was before the French Revolution.

Nationalism Changes Europe

• Three forces struggled for supremacy in Europe.– Conservatives

(traditional monarchies)

– Liberals (elected parliaments run by the educated landowners)

– Radicals (democracy)

Nationalism Changes Europe

• Competing ideals of French Revolution and Congress of Vienna caused Revolutions of 1830 and 1848

SECTION 3Nationalism

Italy and Germany

AIM: The force of nationalism contributed to AIM: The force of nationalism contributed to the formation of two new nations and a new the formation of two new nations and a new

political order in Europepolitical order in Europe

Ideal of Nationalism• Nationalism

– pride and devotion to one’s nation

– fueled efforts to build nation-states

– Loyalty is to the people and not to the kings or queens

– A number of links bound a people together as a nation

• chart on pg. 688

Nationalism Shakes Aging Empires

• Nationalism worked as a force for disunity, shaking old empires, but also for unity which helped in the development of the nation-states of today

• Ex. Austro-Hungarian Empire, Russian Empire, Ottoman Empire

Cavour Unites Italy• After the Congress of

Vienna – Italy was ruled by many foreign rulers – (Austria and the Spanish Bourbon family)

• In 1852, Sardinia's King named Camillo di Cavour as his prime minister

Cavour Unites Italy

• He began to unify Italy by trying to expel Austria in the north with the help of France

Cavour Looks South• Cavour secretly

started helping nationalist rebels led by Giuseppe Garibaldi

• Garibaldi would lead a group known as the Red Shirts

Cavour Looks South• Garibaldi will

successfully unite the southern parts of Italy leaving the Papal States as the last remaining area needed to unite

The Rise of Prussia• Since 1815, 39 German states (German

Confederation) was dominated by Austria-Hungary and Prussia.

The Rise of Prussia• Prussia’s Kaiser Wilhelm I

saw parliament as a threat and with the support of Junkers (Prussia’s wealthy landowners) named Otto von Bismarck prime minister

• Bismarck was a master of realpolitik “the politics of reality”

German Unification• He then eliminates

Austria in the Seven Weeks’ War to gain control of northern Germany = both eastern and western parts of the Prussian kingdom were now joined!

German Unification• With southern Prussia remaining non-unified

Bismarck will force France into the Franco-Prussian War (1870) making Kaiser Wilhelm I emperor of the Second Reich.