chapter 23.2 measuring the economy. why is it important to measure “the economy?” what is meant...
TRANSCRIPT
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CHAPTER 23.2Measuring the Economy
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Why is it important to measure “the economy?”
• What is meant by “the economy?”• What is the purpose of measuring the economy?• Why is it important to policy makers?• What is being measured?
• What are the different variables that can be measured which indicates a change in the economy?
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Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
• GDP: the total value (in dollars) of all the “final” goods and services produced in a country during a single year.• You can’t count the goods and services that are used in creating a
final good. Why?
• GDP measures quantity, not quality.• What does this mean? (Hint: I-Phone and the I-Phone 5S)• Why is this a problem?
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Weaknesses of GDP• GDP is deceptive
• GDP measures the value of all goods/services in $. What happens to $ over time?
• What happens to prices of goods/services over time?• Economists have created real GDP.
• Real GDP: GDP after the distortions of prices changes/inflation have been removed
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Business Fluctuations• Business Cycle- alternating periods of growth and decline
in economic performance.• What are the two variables being measured?
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Business Cycle• Expansion: Real GDP increases (does not measure
intensity of the growth).• Peak: the highest point of expansion before decline
• Recession: Real GDP decreases for 6 straight months.
• During a recession, what other measurement is usually discussed to help explain how weak the economy is currently or how quickly the economy is coming out of recession?
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Unemployment Rate• 1st- Identify the Civilian Labor Force (CLF): those 16 or
older looking for jobs or who have jobs.
• Unemployment rate is the % of the people in the civilian labor force who are not working, but are looking for jobs.
• Unemployment Rate = Members of the CLF without a job, but looking / All the members of the CLF
• Current CLF: 155,460,000• 1% unemployment costs America $46.5 Billion if median
income is at $30,000.
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Price Stability• Inflation: sustained increase in the general level of prices
• Consumer Price Index (CPI): government tool to sample prices and determine inflation.• It averages prices because it is expected that some will increase
and others will decrease.
• What is being measured?• What does inflation mean? What does deflation mean?
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Stock Market• What is a stock (share)?
• Why sell stock?• Spread risk• Create capital
• Why buy stock?• Dividends: share of the corporation’s profits which are distributed
to shareholders.• Capital Gains: Profit from stock sold for more than it was bought.
• How should America tax the income made from stocks?
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Stock Market• Stock exchanges (markets): specific locations designated
for the purposes of buying and selling stocks.• Stockbrokers are people who are certified to buy and sell stocks on
these exchanges.
• Stock Indexes: a method of measuring the value of a specific section of the stock market.• Measures the expectations of investors and can indicate growth or
decline in an economy.• S&P 500, Dow Jones Industrial, NASDAQ
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Why is it important to measure the economy?
• Private Sector?• Public Sector?
• Fiscal Policy: government spending and taxes spent in order to regulate, control, and react to business fluctuations in the business cycle.