The Coming of War 1931-1942

What events caused World War II, and how did the United States become involved?

StandardsStandardsSSUSH19 The student will identify the origins, major

developments, and the domestic impact of World War II, especially the growth of the federal government.

SSUSH19.a Explain A. Philip Randolph's proposed march on

Washington, D.C. and President Franklin D. Roosevelt's response.

SSUSH19.b Explain the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the

internment of Japanese-Americans.

Dictators and WarsSection 1

Why did totalitarian states rise after World War I, and what did they do?

Vocabulary: -totalitarianism appeasement -Spanish Civil War Joseph

Stalin -Benito Mussolini Anschluss -Adolf Hitler Munich Pact -antisemitic

Dictators and Wars

A Bitter Peace Unravels  Main Idea: After World War I, extreme dictatorships known as totalitarian states rose up in many European countries.

Repression in the Soviet Union and Italy

Main Idea: Joseph Stalin rose to power in the Soviet Union and Benito Mussolini took control of Italy. Both used repression to exert control over their country.

Aggressive Leaders in Germany and Japan

Main Idea: The depression helped Hitler rise to power in Germany and led to Japan attempting to expand their empire with aggressive military action.

Dictators Turn to Aggression

Main Idea: The League of Nations was not able to stop rising aggression in Europe and Asia, therefore, Germany, Italy, and Japan’s aggressive acts continued throughout the 1930s.

Aggression Goes Unchecked

Main Idea: The United States and other democratic nations tried to grant some concessions to totalitarian nations in order to prevent another war.

…

DefinitionsAlliance – union or association of nations that is set

up to further the common interests of its membersAppeasement– policy of giving in to the demands of a

hostile power to avoid conflict and maintain peaceDemocracy – government’s power and authority rest

with the people. People express their power through voting

Fascism – political philosophy that calls for the glorification of the nation above the individual – includes the use of force against opposition

Propaganda – media that supports the spread of ideas for the purpose of helping or damaging a cause

Totalitarianism – government that has total control of society. Power rest in the hands of a few people

Characteristics of a Totalitarian StateCHART

Germany Faces Economic CollapseGermany Faces Economic CollapseA Troubled Germany

Treaty of VersaillesEconomic unrestPolitical Instability

Weimar Republic

US ResponseIsolationismWar Debt

Repayment Dawes Plan

Rise of Adolf HitlerHitler’s Early YearsHitler and the Nazi Party

Beer Hall PutschMein KampfAryan Race -

Hitler Becomes DictatorAnti-Semitic Policies

Nuremburg Laws 1935Kristallnacht – Night of the

Broken Glass

Hitler’s Policies US Response

Focus on domestic concernsSecurity through disarmament

GermanyHitler, “Der Fuhrer” – a discontented Austrian

painter who joined the National Socialist German Workers’ Party, became its head,, went to jail, wrote a book, and then won a following who made him their leader

Mein Kampf – “My Struggle” – Hitler’s best-selling first volume of his autobiography which outlines Nazi philosophy and plans for the nation

Rhineland – region in western Germany along the border of France and Belgium that had been closed to German military after WWI. Hitler invades, we appease him in 1936.

Sudetenland – region of eastern Czechoslovakia with a large German population, given to Germany as part of an appeasement deal in 1938.

German words to know…Reichstag – German Parliament, makes Hitler a dictatorLuftwaffe – German version of the Air ForceSitzkreig – sit down war – sitting still and waiting while

the enemy makes battle plans and masses troopsBlitzkreig – lightening war – used tanks, artillery, and

soldiers on foot to move rapidly into enemy territory before the enemy has time to react

Einsatzgruppen – German paramilitary forces, often called the SS.

Lebensraum – living space – what the Germans claimed they needed, why they are expanding…

Hitler Describes the Jews'The struggle between the people and the hatred

amongst them is being nurtured by very specific interested parties. It is a small, rootless, international clique that is turning the people against each other, that does not want them to have peace ... It is the people who are at home both nowhere and everywhere, who do not have anywhere a soil on which they have grown up, but who live in Berlin today, in Brussels tomorrow, Paris the day after that, and then again in Prague or Vienna or London, and who feel at home everywhere. [Man in audience shouts 'The Jews!'] They are the only ones who can be addressed as international, because they conduct their business everywhere, but the people cannot follow them.'

Fascism in ItalyTurmoil

Same as rest of the worldCheated by the Treaty of VersaillesDepression

Mussolini and FascismWhy would Fascism appeal to

anyone? Order and control during chaos Promise to revive the Roman

Empire Private Property

Rise to PowerItalian ImperialismUS Response

Neutrality ActsMoral Embargo

ITALYMussolini, “Il Duce” – WWI vet who

organized Fascist groups. When he threatened to march on Rome, the king panicked and made him Prime Minister.

Black Shirts – Il Duce’s Fascist thugs who “controlled the opposition”,

“The Country is nothing without Conquest.”Ethiopia – March 1936 – Il Duce’s first

conquest

Spanish Civil WarSpanish Civil War

Francisco Franco and the Nationalist Party

Hitler and Muss helped outRome-Berlin Axis

Military AllianceUS Response

Neutrality is tested

Rise of Militarism in JapanMilitarism in Japan

Depression and second rate reputation led to Military Leaders gaining power

Japanese ImperialismAttacked Manchuria

1931Rome-Berlin-Tokyo

AxisShanghai 1937

US ResponseWords w/o DeedsQuarantine Speech

JAPANUnhappiness with their position in the world of the

1920s, Japan expanded to fill their need for raw materials and markets and land for their growing population.

1931 – Japan seizes Manchuria, and its conquest of Asia begins.

Hideki Tojo – Minister of War for Japan, leader of military after 1941.

Kamikaze – suicide airplanes used as strategic bombs to take out ships in the pacific.

1940 – Japan controls most of Eastern China. Signs neutrality agreement with Soviet Union as well!

Totalitarian – governments that control every aspect of citizens’ lives

Fascism – political philosophy that places the nation in a place of greatest importance, even over the individual

Tripartite Pact – neutrality pact and alliance between the Axis powers, signed September 1940.

Reading Skill: SummarizeTRANSPARENCY

Violation and AppeasementViolation and AppeasementHitler violates the Treaty

of Versailles Reoccupies the Rhineland

on the French Border

The Sudetenland3 million Germans lived in

the West Border of Czechoslovakia

The Munich AgreementAppeasement of Hitler

US ResponseNegotiation and

appeasement

Invasion of CzechoslovakiaInvasion of CzechoslovakiaHitler Invades

Goes against Munich promise

Made demands of PolandWanted Danzig and Polish

Corridor

Nazi-Soviet PactNon-aggression pact of

Hitler and StalinSecret plan to divide

Poland

Plan to Invade PolandUS Response

Pressing for PeacePlanning for War

Reading Skill: Identify Main IdeasNOTE TAKING

Political Cartoons: The Nazi PartyTRANSPARENCY

PM TRANSPARENCY

Progress Monitoring Transparency

From Isolation to From Isolation to InvolvementInvolvement

Section 2How did Americans react to events in

Europe and Asia in the early years of World War II?

Vocabulary: -Neutrality Act of 1939 blitzkrieg -Axis Powers Tripartite

Pact -Allies Lend-Lease Act -Winston Churchill Atlantic

Charter

From Isolation to Involvement

Roosevelt Opposes Aggression

Main Idea: Roosevelt was against the aggression occurring in Europe and Asia, but did not take direct action against the totalitarian countries.

War Erupts in Europe

Main Idea: When Germany invaded Poland, war broke out and eventually expanded across Europe.

Americans Debate Involvement

Main Idea: Early on, most Americans were against getting involved in the war, but slowly began supporting Britain

America Takes Steps Toward War

Main Idea: The United States began providing open support to Britain, and received an aggressive response from Germany.

Continued…

Reading Skill: Sequence NOTE TAKING

World War II BeginsWorld War II BeginsInvasion of Poland

September 1, 1939Blitzkrieg

US RESPONSENeutrality

QuestionedCash and Carry

PlanAmerican Public

Opinion

FDR’s Quarantine SpeechFDR’s Quarantine Speech“When an epidemic of physical disease starts to spread,

the community approves and joins in a quarantine of the patients in order to protect the health of the community against the spread of the disease.…War is a contagion, whether it be declared or undeclared. It can engulf states and peoples remote from the original scene of hostilities. We are determined to keep out of war, yet we cannot insure ourselves against the disastrous effects of war and the dangers of involvement.”

President Franklin Roosevelt, Quarantine speech, October 5, 1937

Poland Falls to the NazisPoland Falls to the NazisBritain and France signed an alliance with Poland,

guaranteeing aid if Hitler attackedHitler signed a Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact with the

Soviets on August 23, 1939 (agreed to divide Poland)September 1, 1939, war started with blitzkrieg War entered an eight-month period of quiet known as the

“phony war”

German BlitzkriegTRANSPARENCY

FALL OF FALL OF FRANCEFRANCEFrench Maginot

LineBelgium CorridorFrance Falls in 6

WeeksBritish and

French troops escape from Dunkirk

US Supports Great BritainUS Supports Great BritainBritain is Isolated

France goes down earlyBritain was lone power with

ability to stop AXIS

Atlantic Charter - Winston Churchill – New

Prime Minister of BritainFDR and Churchill Met

Seek no territory Support self-rule

US ResponseLend-Lease Act – March 1941

Arsenal of Democracy Garden Hose

Germany Attacks US Destroyers

Great BritainGreat BritainWinston Churchill – PM of GB during the

war. “We shall fight on the beaches, we shall

fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender.”

The Bombing of Great Britain – Battle of Britain Hitler attempted to destroy GB’s will to fight back against German advances. (Remember the Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe? That’s why the kids were sent from London to the country!)

Battle of Britain 1940Battle of Britain 1940

Isolationists and InterventionistsIsolationists and InterventionistsIsolationists wanted complete neutrality

America First Committee criticized FDR’s pro-British policiesCharles Lindbergh was a leader, who feared the Soviet Union

and JapanInterventionists wanted to help Great Britain and the Allies

in order to stay out of the war, but they believed that the U.S. should prepare for war

Election of 1940 – FDR defeated Republican Wendell Willkie

Political Cartoons: The Only Way to Save DemocracyANALYZE

Should the United States Enter World War II?QUICK STUDY

United StatesUnited StatesFDR – the president. “We look forward to a world founded

upon four essential human freedoms. The first is freedom of speech and expression--everywhere in the world. The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way-- everywhere in the world. The third is freedom from want . . . everywhere in the world. The fourth is freedom from fear . . . anywhere in the world.”

Neutrality Act – we will stay out of it both by not fighting and not selling military stuff to countries who are fighting

American Pacific Fleet moved from California to Pearl Harbor. (bad decision!)

Lend-Lease Act German U-boats attack American ships“The Great Arsenal of Democracy” – the

idea that the US military’s assets are available for use for defense of democratic countries against foreign aggressors

December 7, 1941, “A day which will live in infamy.”

PM TRANSPARENCY

Progress Monitoring Transparency

America Enters the WarAmerica Enters the WarSection 3

How did the United States react to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor?

Vocabulary: -Hideki Tojo Douglas MacArthur -Pearl Harbor Bataan Death

March -WAC Battle of Coral Sea

America Enters the War

Japan Attacks the United States Main Idea: After Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in 1941, the United States officially entered the war.

Mobilizing for War

Main Idea: The attack on Pearl Harbor and the start of the war led to a wave of patriotism, and a large number of Americans volunteered for service or created goods needed.

Fierce Fighting in the Pacific

Main Idea: Early on, the Japanese seemed to have control of the fighting in the Pacific, but by 1942 the United States had won some ground.

Continued…

A Date Which Will Live in InfamyA Date Which Will Live in InfamyJapanese

AggressionChina, French

Indochina, Dutch East Indies, British Malaya

Japan needed Oil, Rubber, Food

US ResponseCancelled commercial

treaty w/JapanStopped exporting

gasoline and scrap metal

December 7, 1941US Response

Declaration of War

TojoTojo

Pearl HarborPearl Harbor

Japanese attack Pearl HarborJapanese attack Pearl HarborGeneral Hideki Tojo – prime

minister in 1941Send 6 aircraft carriers under

Vice Admiral Chuichi Nagumo to end American naval and air presence in the Pacific

Americans lost nearly 2500 killed, 8 battle ships damaged, 160 aircraft destroyed; aircraft carriers survived

Reading Skill: Identify Causes and EffectsNOTE TAKING

A Date Which Will Live in InfamyA Date Which Will Live in Infamy

Drawing found on a Val shot down during the attack. Translated, it says, "Hear! The voice of the moment of death. Wake up you fools."

The United States The United States Goes to WarGoes to War

FDRFDR

Chester NimitzChester Nimitz

Women and the War EffortTRANSPARENCY

Mobilizing for WarMobilizing for War16 million Americans served in the militaryWomen’s Army Corps (WAC) 350,000 womenWar Production Board (WPB) oversaw conversion of

industry to war materialsFord Motor Company built B-24 Liberator bombersHenry J. Kaiser’s shipyards produced “Liberty Ships”

World War II Aircraft ProductionGRAPH

Douglas MacArthurDouglas MacArthur

Bataan Death MarchBataan Death March

US Strategy in the PacificUS Strategy in the PacificPearl Harbor Launched

the Pacific WarAmerican stronghold in

the Philippines was lostMacArthur – “I shall

return”Bataan Death MarchIsland Hopping

CampaignDoolittle (Tokyo)

RaidsLieutenant Colonel

James Doolittle

Doolittle Raid 1942Doolittle Raid 1942

Reading Skill: SequenceNOTE TAKING

The Battle of MidwayTRANSPARENCY