chapter 23 urinary marie
TRANSCRIPT
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Ch 23: Urinary System
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Internal Anatomy
Cortex:outer layer, light reddish brown,granular appearance (due to manycorpuscles)
Medulla:darker striped appearance (dueto tubules) Subdivided into distinctrenal pyramids, terminating with apapilla. Separated by renal columns
from the cortex.
Pelvis:Expanded proximal ureter
Compare to Fig 23.3
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Renal Circulation20-25% of cardiac output!!
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RL
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Nephron = functional unit
Renal corpuscle:
Glomerulus
Bowmans (renal) capsule
Nephron = corpuscle +
PCT
LOH DCT
(>106/kidney)
Fig 23.6
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Renal Corpuscle
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Uriniferous Tubule p 691
Nephron + Collecting Duct (tubule)
Renal Corpuscle
PCT LOH
DCT
CD
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This diagram hasan importantinaccuracy!
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See Fig23.4
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Two Types of Nephrons
Cortical nephrons (85%)shorter, mostly in cortex of
kidney, produce"standard" urine
Juxtamedullary nephrons(15%), "juxta = next to" themedulla - responsive to
ADH, can produceconcentrated urine due tolonger Loops of Henle
Fig 23.9
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Filtration: Passage across ThreeBarriers
1. Capillary endothelium
Fenestrated
What gets through?
2. Basement membrane
3. Glomerular epithelium (= visceral layerof Bowmans capsule)
slit pores between pedicles of podocytes
Note: Capsular Epithelium is simplesquamous epithelium
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Juxtaglomerular (JG) Apparatus
Macula densa
+
Juxtaglomerular cells (smooth musclefibers from afferent arteriole)
= Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
= Endocrine system structure(renin and EPO)
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone_system.png -
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http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone_system.png -
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Urine collection:
Collecting ducts withineach renal papilla
release urine intominor calyx majorcalyx renal pelvis
ureter
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Ureters
From kidney to bladder
Enter the bladder at an
angle Trigone
Retroperitoneal
Transitional Epithelium Nephroliths
This is anotherinaccuracy!!
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Nephrolithiasis
Occurs whenurinebecomes too
concentratedandsubstancescrystallize.Symptoms
arise whenstones beginto move downureter causing
intense pain.Kidney stones may form in the pelvis orcalyces of the kidney or in the ureter.
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Urinary Bladder
Retroperitoneal, behind pubis
Internal folds - rugae - permitexpansion (max. holding capacity
~ 1L) Trigone - area at base delineated
by openings of ureters and urethra- without muscle
Internal urethral sphincter -involuntary sphincter
Histology
1. transitional epithelium
2. detrusor muscle smooth muscle
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Urinary Bladder
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Transitional Epithelium
empty bladderfull bladder
from renal pelvis toneck of urethra.
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Female Urethra
External urethralsphincters voluntaryat pelvic floor
3-5 cm from base ofbladder to vestibule
UTIs (esp. E.c o l i)
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Male Urethra
Male 18-20 cm
1. prostatic urethra from
base of bladder throughprostate gland
2. membranous urethrabetween prostate gland
& base of penis3. penile (spongy) urethra traverses penis toorifice
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Male vs. Female
Fig 23.17
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Kidneys may
sustain 90% loss of
nephrons and stillnot show apparent
symptoms!!!
2-4 % of populationonly have 1 kidney!
Manneken Pis
Fountain
Brussels, 1619