Chapter 23Chapter 23 Section 2Section 2

The Second Hundred DaysThe Second Hundred Days

By 1935, Roosevelt wanted to By 1935, Roosevelt wanted to build on programs established build on programs established during the First Hundred Days.during the First Hundred Days.

Gains not as great as Gains not as great as expected.expected.

New Deal popular and New Deal popular and Democrats increased in Democrats increased in majority in both houses.majority in both houses.

Roosevelt launched the Roosevelt launched the Second New Deal or Second Second New Deal or Second Hundred DaysHundred Days

During this phase, During this phase, the the president called on Congress president called on Congress to provide more extensive to provide more extensive relief to farmers and workers.relief to farmers and workers.

Eleanor RooseveltEleanor Roosevelt

Social Social reformer who reformer who combined combined humanitarian humanitarian impulses with impulses with great political great political skills.skills.

1936 Presidential Election1936 Presidential Election

Republicans Republicans nominated nominated Alfred Landon Alfred Landon

Criticized FDR Criticized FDR and and suggested suggested the New Deal the New Deal be scrappedbe scrapped

Reelecting FDRReelecting FDR

Democrats nominate FDR Democrats nominate FDR who asked if Americans who asked if Americans were “better off than four were “better off than four years ago”years ago”

Overwhelming victory for Overwhelming victory for Democrats.Democrats.

Helping FarmersHelping Farmers

Congress passed Soil Congress passed Soil Conservation & Domestic Conservation & Domestic Allotment Allotment Paid farmers to cut production Paid farmers to cut production of soil-depleting crops like of soil-depleting crops like cotton and wheatcotton and wheat

Rewarded farmers for practicing Rewarded farmers for practicing good soil conservation methodsgood soil conservation methods

Congress approved second Congress approved second AAA AAA Did not include processing Did not include processing tax to pay for farm tax to pay for farm subsidies (provision that subsidies (provision that was declared was declared unconstitutional) unconstitutional)

By Mid-1930’sBy Mid-1930’s

2 out of 5 farms were 2 out of 5 farms were mortgagedmortgaged

Thousands small farmers lost Thousands small farmers lost their farmstheir farms

Many small farms became Many small farms became large mechanized farms or large mechanized farms or were destroyed as the land were destroyed as the land cleared for new developmentcleared for new development

Attempting to help Rural Attempting to help Rural CommunitiesCommunities

Resettlement Resettlement AdministrationAdministration loan money to small loan money to small farmers to buy landfarmers to buy land

Hoped it would help Hoped it would help tenant farmers settle on tenant farmers settle on productive landproductive land

Replaced by the Farm Security Replaced by the Farm Security Administration (FSA) – Administration (FSA) – established network of camps established network of camps for migrant farm workersfor migrant farm workers

Made pictorial record of Made pictorial record of difficult situation in the rural difficult situation in the rural areas.areas.

Helping Youth, Professionals, and Helping Youth, Professionals, and OthersOthers

Works Progress Administration Works Progress Administration (WPA)(WPA)Set out to create many jobs as Set out to create many jobs as as quickly as possibleas quickly as possible

Employed more than 8 millionEmployed more than 8 millionMost workers unskilledMost workers unskilledBuilt airports, constructed or Built airports, constructed or repaired roads, built libraries, repaired roads, built libraries, schools, and hospitalsschools, and hospitals

Women hired to sew clothes Women hired to sew clothes for the needyfor the needy

““make work” program that make work” program that created jobs just to provide created jobs just to provide workers with paychecksworkers with paychecks

Gave working people sense of Gave working people sense of hope and dignityhope and dignity

Employed professionals Employed professionals (teachers, writers, actors, etc..)(teachers, writers, actors, etc..)

National Youth Administration National Youth Administration (NYA)(NYA)

Created to help young peopleCreated to help young people More than 2 million high school More than 2 million high school

and college students had part-and college students had part-time jobs at their schoolstime jobs at their schools

Students received aid and Students received aid and assistance through NYAassistance through NYA

Provided work-relief programs Provided work-relief programs for young adultsfor young adults

January 17, 2008January 17, 2008

What programs emerged from What programs emerged from the Second New Deal?the Second New Deal?Review Review Finish Section 2 Finish Section 2 Discuss QuizzesDiscuss QuizzesGameGame

Homwork: Finish Study GuidesHomwork: Finish Study Guides

Improving Labor ConditionsImproving Labor Conditions

After Supreme Court declared After Supreme Court declared NIRA unconstitutional, NIRA unconstitutional, Congress passed the National Congress passed the National Labor Relations Act, more Labor Relations Act, more commonly known as the commonly known as the Wagner Act.Wagner Act.

The Wagner ActThe Wagner Act

Reestablished the NIRA Reestablished the NIRA provisions involving collective provisions involving collective bargaining.bargaining.

Government now supports Government now supports right to join unionsright to join unions

Listed unfair labor practices Listed unfair labor practices that companies could not usethat companies could not useThreatening workers, firing Threatening workers, firing union members, etc…union members, etc…

Wagner Act set up NLRBWagner Act set up NLRB

National Labor Relations National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)Board (NLRB)Heard about unfair practices Heard about unfair practices and held elections among and held elections among workers to find if they workers to find if they wanted union wanted union representation.representation.

Fair Labor Standards ActFair Labor Standards Act

Established maximum hours Established maximum hours and minimum wagesand minimum wages

National hourly rate of 25 National hourly rate of 25 cents an hour and a cents an hour and a maximum work week of 44 maximum work week of 44 hours.hours.

The Social Security ActThe Social Security Act One the the most important One the the most important

achievements of the New Dealachievements of the New Deal1.1. Old-age insuranceOld-age insurance for retirees for retirees

65 or older and their spouses65 or older and their spouses2.2. Unemployed compensationUnemployed compensation

systemsystem3.3. Aid to familiesAid to families with dependent with dependent

children and the disabledchildren and the disabled Not a total pension system or Not a total pension system or

complete welfare systemcomplete welfare system

Expanding and Regulating Expanding and Regulating UtilitiesUtilities

Included laws to promote rural Included laws to promote rural electrification and to regulate electrification and to regulate public utilitiespublic utilities

Rural Electrification Rural Electrification Administration (REA)Administration (REA)Created, financed, and to Created, financed, and to bring electricity to rural bring electricity to rural areasareas

The Public Utilities Holding The Public Utilities Holding Company ActCompany ActOutlawed pyramiding of Outlawed pyramiding of holding companiesholding companies

Extremely difficult to Extremely difficult to enforceenforce