chapter 22, section 3. many latin americans worried that the united states wanted to dominate the...
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WAR WITH SPAIN
Chapter 22, Section 3
A HEMISPHERIC GIANT
Many Latin Americans worried that the United States wanted to dominate the Western hemisphere
A CONFERENCE TO IMPROVE RELATION
Secretary of State James G. Blaine set out to improve relation with Latin America
1889 he invited Latin American nations to a conference in Washington to improve relations and remove trade barriers
Pan-American Union: a group created to work together to solve the problems of the hemisphere.
FEARS REMAIN
Latin American were still suspicious of the United States
They refused to open their borders to trade
Feared a flood of American imports would hurt their own industry
REVOLT IN CUBA
The Ever Faithful Isle Cuba, unlike other Spanish colonies did
not revolt against Spanish rule in the early 1800s.
1868 a violent revolution broke out in Cuba for ten years
Some Cuban revolutionaries like Jose Marti, fled to New York where they wrote about the Cuban struggle for Independence.
A NEW REVOLT
1895 Marti returned to Cuba Rebels launched a new fight against
Spain Rebels won control of more than half of
the island
A NEW REVOLT In response Spain sent a new governor
to Cuba, General Valeriano Weyler Weyler used brutal tactics to crush the
revoltHalf a million men were herded into
detention campsAt least 100,000 died
AMERICANS REACT
Cuba lay only 90 miles from southern Florida
American trade with Cuba was worth more than $100 million a year
Many American business leaders felt US involvement might hurt their trade
Other sympathized with the Cuban’s desire for freedom and wanted the government to react
WAR FEVER
The press stirred up American feelings for Cuba
Pulitzer’s World and Hearst’s Journal competed to print grisly stories about Spanish cruelty
They both knew war with Spain would boost newspaper sales.
“BLOOD, BLOOD, BLOOD!”
Pulitzer and Hearst used yellow journalism to play on the emotions of readers.
President Cleveland wanted to avoid war with Spain
When William McKinley became president in 1897 he also tried to keep the country neutral
REMEMBER THE MAINE!
1898 fight broke in Havana Cuba President McKinley set the battleship
Maine to Havana to protect American citizens and property
REMEMBER THE MAINE! An explosion on the Maine killed at least
260 of the 350 sailors The real cause of the explosion has
never been determined American led by Pulitzer and Hearst
clamored for war with Spain April 22, 1898 Congress declared war
with Spain
THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR Spanish -American War Lasted only 4 months Battlefront stretched from the Caribbean
to the Philippine islands
DEWEY TAKES THE PHILIPPINES
Commodore George Dewey received secret orders from Theodore Roosevelt to prepare to attack the Philippines
American bombarded the Spanish ships in Manila harbor and destroyed the Spanish fleet
American rejoiced at the news of Dewey’s victory
Local people had been fighting for independence in the Philippines just as in Cuba.
With help from Emilio Aguinaldo and rebels Americans captured Manila
FIGHTING IN CUBA
American troops landed in Cuba Dressed in heavy wool uniforms in the
tropical heat and eating spoiled food! Rough Riders: First volunteer Cavalry
regiment; Organized by Theodore Roosevelt
BATTLE FOR SANTIAGO
Santiago was a key Cuban city Roosevelt led the Rough Riders and
joined black soldiers of the 9th and 10th regiments up San Juan Hill and Kettle
American troops took the hill
BATTLE FOR SANTIAGO Battle of San Juan Hill did not end the
war Santiago Bay: 2 days later American
destroyed the Spanish fleet troops claimed the island of Puerto Rico American losses : 379 killed in battle but
5,000 died of other causes like yellow fever and malaria
THE FRUITS OF VICTORY
1898 in a peace treaty Spain agreed to grant Cuba its freedom
Spain also gave the US Puerto Rico and Guam
US paid $20 million for the Philippines With the new area the dream of
expansionist had come true, the United States had an empire
RULING CUBA AND PUERTO RICO
When the war with Spain began American had promised to leave the government and control of Cuba to its people
LIBERTY FOR CUBA?
That promise was not kept Many in Congress believed Cuba was
not ready to run their own government Business leaders opposed full
independence because they wanted to protect their investments
LIBERTY FOR CUBA? The United States allowed Cuba to
write their own constitution But, forced them to sign the Platt
AgreementLimited Cuba’s right to make treaties and
borrow moneyAllowed the US to intervene in CubaGave the US control of a naval base at
Guantanamo Bay(Cuba was NOT truly independent)
LIMITED FREEDOM FOR PUERTO RICO
Foraker Act: the US set up a new government for Puerto Rico
Gave Puerto Ricans a limited say in their own affairs
1917 Puerto Ricans were made citizens of the United States
American set up schools improved health care and built roads on the island
WAR IN THE PHILIPPINES
When the US took over their land after the was Filipinos felt betrayed
Emilio Aguinaldo and others renewed their fight for independence against the Americans
Aguinaldo accused the Americans of forgetting their own beginnings
The war dragged on for years
WAR IN THE PHILIPPINES 1901 Aguinaldo was captured and the war
was over More than 4,000 American died in the
Philippines 20,000 Filipino loses and another 200,000
civilians died 1902 US set up a government similar to the
on e in the Puerto Rico Filipinos were not made US citizens because
they planned to give them independence 1946 Filipinos were allowed to govern
themselves