Chapter 22Chapter 22

The Muscular SystemThe Muscular System

ObjectivesObjectives

Describe the muscular system of Describe the muscular system of the body.the body.

Explain the functions of muscle.Explain the functions of muscle. Identify the types of muscle Identify the types of muscle

tissue.tissue. Lifespan considerationsLifespan considerations Patient teachingPatient teaching

IntroductionIntroduction The muscular system is composed The muscular system is composed

of specialized cells called muscle of specialized cells called muscle fibers.fibers.

These fibers are different lengths These fibers are different lengths and shapes and form to become and shapes and form to become muscles.muscles.

Muscles make up about 42% of a Muscles make up about 42% of a person’s total body weight.person’s total body weight.

Muscle fibers are held together by Muscle fibers are held together by connective tissue , enclosed in connective tissue , enclosed in “fascia”.“fascia”.

Muscles must have proper oxygen Muscles must have proper oxygen and nutrition to function properly.and nutrition to function properly.

Functions of MuscleFunctions of Muscle

ContractibilityContractibility. All . All muscles attached to muscles attached to bones, organs and bones, organs and blood vessels are blood vessels are responsible for responsible for movement . All movement . All movement is a result of movement is a result of contraction.contraction.

TonicityTonicity- posture - posture through partial through partial contraction of the contraction of the skeletal muscle.skeletal muscle.

Functions of muscles con’tFunctions of muscles con’t Heat production-Heat production-

produce heat produce heat through chemical through chemical changes involved in changes involved in muscular activity, muscular activity, maintains normal maintains normal body temperature.body temperature.

StabilityStability- muscles - muscles are responsibly for are responsibly for holding bones holding bones togethertogether..

Types of Muscle TissueTypes of Muscle Tissue

Muscle Tissue

SkeletalVoluntary

Stiated cells

SmoothInvoluntary

Blood vessels, Urinary bladder,Digestive system

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

Found in the HeartStriated andInvoluntary

Lifespan ConsiderationsLifespan Considerations The Child- from fetal The Child- from fetal

development to growth development to growth through childhood, the through childhood, the muscles and bones muscles and bones continue to grow. continue to grow.

Development is Development is cephalocaudal and cephalocaudal and proximaldistal.proximaldistal.

Freedom and Freedom and movement is needed to movement is needed to develop these muscles.develop these muscles.

Lifespan ConsiderationsLifespan Considerations

The Adult – changes related to The Adult – changes related to mobility are most obvious in the mobility are most obvious in the older adult.older adult.

Changes in strength, endurance, Changes in strength, endurance, ROM, coordination, elasticity and ROM, coordination, elasticity and flexibility of connective tissue.flexibility of connective tissue.

Regular exercise is important.Regular exercise is important.

Patient educationPatient education

Healthy attitude Healthy attitude towards exercisetowards exercise

Good postureGood posture Dietary Dietary

supplementssupplements Lifestyle Lifestyle

modificationmodification