Chapter 21 Section 4Chapter 21 Section 4

Review:Review:Pop Culture and HeroesPop Culture and HeroesEducationEducationWriters: Sinclair Lewis, F. Writers: Sinclair Lewis, F.

Scott Fitzgerald, and Ernest Scott Fitzgerald, and Ernest HemingwayHemingway

Artists: Edward Hopper and Artists: Edward Hopper and Georgia O’KeefeGeorgia O’Keefe

What kind of writing were they What kind of writing were they doing?doing?

Section 4 Terms:Section 4 Terms: Great MigrationGreat Migration Marcus Garvey Marcus Garvey

and UNIAand UNIA James Weldon James Weldon

JohnsonJohnson W.E.B. Dubois W.E.B. Dubois

and NAACPand NAACP Harlem Harlem

RenaissanceRenaissance

Claude McKayClaude McKay Langston Langston

HughesHughes Paul RobesonPaul Robeson Duke EllingtonDuke Ellington Louis Louis

ArmstrongArmstrong Bessie SmithBessie Smith

The Great Migration The Great Migration

1910-1920, African-Americans 1910-1920, African-Americans move from the South to the Northmove from the South to the North

By end of the decade, over 40% of By end of the decade, over 40% of African-Americans lived in the African-Americans lived in the North.North.

Northern cities had not welcomed Northern cities had not welcomed the influx of African-Americansthe influx of African-Americans

Tensions escalate into race riots.Tensions escalate into race riots.

Why did they move to the cities?Why did they move to the cities?

African-American GoalsAfrican-American Goals

The National The National Association Association Advancement of Advancement of Colored People Colored People (NAACP)(NAACP) urged urged African African Americans to Americans to protest racial protest racial violenceviolence

W.E.B. DuBoisW.E.B. DuBois

Led a parade Led a parade in NY to in NY to protest such protest such violence.violence.

Used Used The The Crisis Crisis as to as to lead struggle lead struggle for civil rightsfor civil rights

James Weldon JohnsonJames Weldon Johnson

Poet, lawyer, Poet, lawyer, and NAACP and NAACP executive executive secretarysecretary

Fought to Fought to protect African-protect African-American American rightsrights

Anti-lynching Anti-lynching laws a priority laws a priority with 3 bills with 3 bills introduced to introduced to CongressCongress

None passed, None passed, but the number but the number of lynchings had of lynchings had droppeddropped

A New More Militant African-A New More Militant African-American VoiceAmerican Voice

The New DayThe New DayThe Negro slept a thousand years,The Negro slept a thousand years,

While white men moved along,While white men moved along,And so he sheds his bitter tears,And so he sheds his bitter tears,As white men sing their song.As white men sing their song.

Another day has just begun,Another day has just begun,For white and black alike;For white and black alike;The white man greets it with his gun:The white man greets it with his gun:Will Negroes ever strike?Will Negroes ever strike?

Marcus GarveyMarcus Garvey

Immigrant Immigrant from Jamaicafrom Jamaica

Believed that Believed that African-African-Americans Americans should build should build separate separate societysociety

Different and more radical message Different and more radical message of black prideof black pride

1914 – founded the Universal Negro 1914 – founded the Universal Negro Improvement AssociationImprovement Association

Moved UNIA to Moved UNIA to NYC with offices NYC with offices in ghettosin ghettos

Appealed to Appealed to followers in followers in many ways many ways methods methods (parades, (parades, oratory, etc…)oratory, etc…)

How did Garvey gain How did Garvey gain Followers?Followers?

Offices in ghettosOffices in ghettos Parades, oratories, and messages of Parades, oratories, and messages of

pridepride Programs that supported African-Programs that supported African-

American businessesAmerican businesses Encouraged followers to return to Encouraged followers to return to

Africa, and native people get rid of Africa, and native people get rid of white oppressors, and build a nationwhite oppressors, and build a nation

Decline of Garvey’s Decline of Garvey’s SupportSupport

Plan of going to Africa struck Plan of going to Africa struck chord in African-American chord in African-American communitycommunity

He was convicted of mail He was convicted of mail fraud and jailed.fraud and jailed.

Marcus Garvey’s LegacyMarcus Garvey’s Legacy

Newly awakened black prideNewly awakened black prideEconomic independenceEconomic independenceReverence for AfricaReverence for Africa

HarlemHarlem

Many of the African-Americans Many of the African-Americans moved into a neighborhood on moved into a neighborhood on the Upper West Side of New the Upper West Side of New York’s Manhattan Island York’s Manhattan Island known has Harlem.known has Harlem.

Became the world’s largest Became the world’s largest black urban community.black urban community.

A Typical Urban Neighborhood A Typical Urban Neighborhood with some Flair with some Flair

Suffered overcrowding, Suffered overcrowding, unemployment, and povertyunemployment, and poverty

Problems eclipsed by Problems eclipsed by flowering of creativity called flowering of creativity called the Harlem Renaissancethe Harlem Renaissance

The Harlem Renaissance The Harlem Renaissance

Harlem Renaissance Harlem Renaissance

A literary and artistic movement A literary and artistic movement celebrating African-American celebrating African-American cultureculture

Led by well-educated, middle-Led by well-educated, middle-class African-Americans who class African-Americans who expressed a new pride in their expressed a new pride in their heritageheritage

Wrote about trials of being black Wrote about trials of being black in a white worldin a white world

Claude McKayClaude McKay

Novelist, poet, Novelist, poet, Jamaican Jamaican

Militant writings Militant writings urged A.A.’s to urged A.A.’s to resist prejudice & resist prejudice & discriminationdiscrimination

Expressed pain of Expressed pain of black ghettos & black ghettos & strain of being in strain of being in white worldwhite world

Jean ToomerJean Toomer

First to to First to to have a full-have a full-length length literary literary publicationpublication

Cane Cane

Langston HughesLangston Hughes

Described Described difficult lives difficult lives of working-of working-class African-class African-AmericansAmericans

Poems moved Poems moved to the tempo to the tempo of jazz of jazz

Zora Neale HurstonZora Neale Hurston

She portrayed She portrayed the lives of poor, the lives of poor, unschooled unschooled Southern blacksSouthern blacks

She celebrated She celebrated what she called what she called the common the common person’s art formperson’s art form

Alain LockeAlain Locke

Harvard Harvard educated and educated and former Rhodes former Rhodes ScholarScholar

Published Published The The New NegroNew Negro

Shuffle AlongShuffle Along

Black musical Black musical comedy that comedy that spotlighted spotlighted the talent of the talent of many African many African Americans Americans

Paul RobesonPaul Robeson

Son of a one-Son of a one-time slave time slave

Major dramatic Major dramatic actoractor

Performance in Performance in OthelloOthello widely widely acclaimedacclaimed

Louis ArmstrongLouis Armstrong

Trumpet Trumpet player in player in Creole Jazz Creole Jazz band who went band who went to Chicagoto Chicago

Made personal Made personal expression a expression a key part of jazzkey part of jazz

Edward Kennedy “Duke” Edward Kennedy “Duke” EllingtonEllington

Jazz pianist and Jazz pianist and composercomposer

Led his 10-piece Led his 10-piece orchestra at the orchestra at the Cotton ClubCotton Club

His fame His fame renowned to renowned to this day.this day.

Bessie Smith Bessie Smith

Blues singer Blues singer Became the Became the

highest paid highest paid black artist in black artist in the world in the world in 19271927

Josephine BakerJosephine Baker

Some African Some African American artists American artists very popular in very popular in Europe.Europe.

She sang, She sang, danced, & danced, & performed performed comedy shows in comedy shows in Europe.Europe.

Review:Review:

Chapter 20Chapter 20– Red ScareRed Scare– Quota SystemQuota System– StrikesStrikes– HardingHarding– New things & New things &

Superficial Superficial ProsperityProsperity

Chapter 21Chapter 21– ProhibitionProhibition– WomenWomen– Popular Popular

CultureCulture– Harlem Harlem

RenaissanceRenaissance

Essay Topics:Essay Topics:

Women of the 1920’s.Women of the 1920’s.Technological Advancements Technological Advancements The Bolshevik Revolution The Bolshevik Revolution ProhibitionProhibitionThe most influential people of The most influential people of

the decadethe decade