chapter 21 section 1. divine right select his ministers censored speech & press used “letters...
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Chapter 21 section 1
French Revolution
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Fundamental Causes of the French Revolution
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Divine RightSelect his ministersCensored speech & pressUsed “letters de cachet”Denied people a voice
The King
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This is the time before 1789France had been divided into 3 Estates/
classes1st Estate2nd Estate3rd Estate
Old Regime
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This is the time before 1789France had been divided into 3 Estates/
classes1st Estate2nd Estate3rd Estate
Old Regime
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Made up of the clergy of the Roman Catholic ChurchLess than 1%
Church owned 15% of all the land in FranceCollected vast amounts of money
Rents TaxesFees
First Estate
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Wealth was held by the higher clergyBishops, Archbishops, and AbbotsDid not have to pay taxes
Parish priests preformed most of the church’s workGot little pay
First Estate Continued
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NobilityLess than 2 %
Paid little taxesCollected dues from peasants
Held highest positions in the army and government
Eldest sons had the right to inherit lands and titles
Second Estate
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97% of the population were part of this classTop part were the Bourgeoisie
Urban middle classMerchants, Manufacturers, and professionals Educated and wealthy
Third Estate
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Below the Bourgeoisie were three groupsArtisans, city workers, and rural peasantsPeasants
Largest groupFeudal dues and labor servicesHeavy Taxes – almost all the tax burdenRemained under absolute control of their landlords
and king
Third Estate Continued
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Mid 1700’s discontent began to growSome of the factors that contributed to the
growing discontent was:Population growthHigher rent to the peasantsFood prices raisingWages not going up
Bourgeoisie prospered during this timeMerchants and manufacturers paying taxes
Nobles and clergy did not have to pay taxesWanted to conduct business without the
government interfering
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Louis XV59 yearsLongest in French History
Debts from Louis XIV continued to growTaxes were not providing enough money
Louis would barrow from the bankers
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Louis XVI succeeded Louis XVStrengthen Alliance with
Austria Married Marie- Antoinette Daughter of Maria Theresa
Debts will continue to grow due to Frances’ assistance to the United StatesAmerican RevolutionWill try to tax the fist two
estates
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August 1788 called the first meeting of the Estate GeneralsVersaillesThe Cahiers – list of grievances
Each estate could express their hopes and grievances to King.
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May 5, 1789First and Second Estate could outvote the
Third EstateThey wanted representatives to vote as
individualsLouis instructed them to follow the old
customsMeeting separatelyVote as one body
Meeting of the Estate Generals
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Third Estate refused to obeySaid that the Estate Generals represented the
French people and not the three classesThird Estate declared itself the National
AssemblyInvited the other two classes to work with themBeginning of the French Revolution
http://www.history.com/topics/french-revolution/videos/origins-of-the-french-revolution
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French RevolutionChapter 21 section 2
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Louis allowed the Estate Generals to meet togetherMoved troops to Paris
The people feared that Louis was going to drive out the National Assembly People took action
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July 14, 1789Captured Bastille PrisonSymbol of royal oppressionLed to a new government in Paris
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General LafayetteFought in the American RevolutionPeople’s Army
National Guard
New FlagRed, White, and BlueReplaced the old flag
Similar events were spreading across the landGreat fearPeasants attacked manor houses and
monasteries
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National Assembly Believed that violence could be
resolved through reformsOutlawed titheCanceled all feudal duesCanceled services owed by peasantsRemoved privileges from the First and
Second estateAugust 1789 did away with feudalism in
France
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Declaration of the Rights of Man
Dealt with basic Human Rights and political powers
Men are born equal and remain equal before the law
Freedom of speech, press, and religion
Guaranteed the right to a free trial
“Liberty, equality, fraternity”Slogan
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FleeingÉmigrés
EmigrantsWill be trouble in years to come
Nobles would flee to Great Britain, Switzerland, and GermanyPlotting
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National Assembly
1789-1791Setting up new governmentsCorrecting abuses
First it will divide the country into 83 equal districtsDepartmentsWill call for elections of local
officials
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National Assembly con.Seized land owned by the Catholic Church
Sold to the publicPaid off national debt
1790Civil Constitution of the Clergy
Law that people would elect their own clergyGovernment would pay the salaries of the
bishops and priestsCatholics became opposed to the revolution
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Constitution of 1791Will limit the power of the kingDivide the government into 3 branches
Executive, legislative, and judicialKing could no longer block or make lawsTax paying male-votes elected members to
a legislative bodyLegislative Assembly
Wealthy men still held the most powerLouis XVI will agree
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Even though Louis XVI agreedPlotted to overthrow the new governmentÉmigrésWanted Old Regime
Louis and his family tried to escapePeople will no longer trust Louis
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New constitution will go in effect for only a yearSet up a weak executive branchPowerful and inexperienced legislative branch
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Legislative AssemblyDivided into 3 groups
ConservativesFelt revolution had gone far enoughKing had limited authorityRight
ModeratesNo extreme viewCenter
RadicalsWanted more drastic changes then were
proposedGet rid of king, set up republic, broad reformsLeft
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Failures in war, and economic shortage led to mass uprising.Paris
Prussians vowed to destroy Paris if the Royal family was harmedRevolutionary troops
defended Paris