Chapter 2.1 (pages 46-51)

Biodiversity

Key concepts:

• Explain why and how organisms are classified.• List the eight levels of classification.• Explain scientific names.• Describe how dichotomous keys help in

identifying organisms.

Key Vocabulary:

• Classification• Binomial

nomenclature• Taxonomy• Domain • Species

In a world of games:

We take a look in a

yearbook. What do we

see?

Classification:

• Classification is putting things into orderly groups based on similar characteristics.

• How do biologists classify things on our planet? – What are the defining characteristics

of each species? – When did the characteristics of a

species change? – What are the relationships between

different species?

Where have we discussed classification before?

When do you classify things in your life?

Activity Time:

• Find a partner sitting in front of you.• Classify our class.– Do this for 2 minutes– Share with one other group. Are you the same?

• How else could you classify the class going from least specific to very specific?– Make five levels

Timeline of classification:• Before 1600’s:– Plants and animals– Why didn’t this work?

• 1700’s-Linnaeus: Swedish scientist whose system was based on the structure or characteristics of organisms. – Founded modern taxonomy (taks AH

nuh mee). – Taxonomy is the science of describing,

classifying, and naming organisms.

Taxonomy:

• Taxonomists use an eight-level system to classify living things based on:– shared characteristics. These are

used to also describe how closely related living things are.

• Biggest to smallest:D, K, P, C, O, F, G, S

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species

What are properties?

Taxonomy:• Scientists use shared characteristics to

group organisms into eight levels of classification. – There are fewer organisms than in the

level above (becomes more specific)– A domain is the largest, most general

level of classification. • one of three domains.

– Species is the smallest level of classification.• A species is a group of organisms that can

mate and produce fertile offspring. For example, dogs are all one species.

Three domains:-eukaryote-prokaryote-Archeabacteria

Only 1 species for every type of organism (most specific)

Taxonomy:• Naming:

– Common names: • Cat, dog, and human• cougar, mountain lion, and puma are three names

for the same animal

– Scientific names: • Scientific names are the same in all languages. An

organism has only one scientific name. • Why is this important?

– Scientific names are based on the system created by Linnaeus. He gave each kind of organism a two-part name. • the first part of the name is the genus, and the

second part is the species. • Asian elephant is Elephas maximus.

•Homo sapiens

•Both words in a scientific name are underlined or italicized

•All genus names begin with a capital letter.

•All species names begin with a lowercase letter.

Binomial Nomenclature:

Two part name“Bi” – “nomial”

speciesdomesticus

GenusFelix

Activity Time:

• Classify the following songs. • How else could you classify this going from

least specific to very specific?– Make five levels

Review:

• In classification, organisms are grouped according to the characteristics the organisms share. Classification lets scientists answer important questions about the relationships between organisms.

• The eight levels of classification are domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.

• An organism has one two-part scientific name.

Homework:

• Questions on page 241: Write the ?– Do this on the back of your notes:– # 3, 4 and 5