chapter 20: the physical geography of africa south of the...
TRANSCRIPT
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The Physical Geography
of Africa South of the Sahara
Chapter 20
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Section 1: The LandLandforms: region is 9.5 million square
miles in area (3 times that of the US)
Plateaus, Highlands, & MountainsPlateaus
rise in elevation from the coast inland and west to eastrange from 500 ft in west to 8,000 feet or greater in the eastconsidered to be a series of steps
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Escarpmentssteep, often jagged slopes or cliffsfound at edges of the African continent’s plateausless than 20 miles from coastrivers that cross dive down sides of escarpments in cataracts - towering waterfalls
Plateaus, Highlands, & Mountains
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Mountainsvery few mountain ranges, except on eastern coastEastern Highlands stretch from Ethiopia to Cape of Good Hope, South AfricaMt. Kilimanjaro -19,340 ft
- tallest mt. in AfricaMount Kenya
Plateaus, Highlands, & Mountains
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Ruwenzori Mountains — between Uganda and Dem. Rep. Of the Congo•often called “Mountains of the Moon” because of the clouds that wrap around them
Drakensberg Range — found in South Africa and Lesotho; form part of the sharp escarpment along southern edge of Africa
Plateaus, Highlands, & Mountains
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The Great Rift Valley — stretches from Syria in the Middle East to Mozambique in SE Africa
rift valley - large crack in the earth’s surface formed by shifting tectonic platesvolcanic eruptions & earthquakes created the landscape along the fault2 branches - volcanic mountains on the eastern sidedeep lakes on the western side or branchWater Systems - shaped by the changing land
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LakesMany found along branches of the Great Rift Valley
Lake Tanganyika — one of longest and deepest lakes in world
Lake Malawi — surrounded by mountains and also very deep
Lake Victoria — largest lake in Africa; 2nd largest freshwater lake in world
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Outside the Great Rift Valley - only 2 major lakes:
Lake Chadshrinking in size because of drought, arid climate
Lake Voltalocated in West Africaone of largest man-made lakes in worldCreated in 1960 as part of hydroelectric project for an aluminum plantVolta River dammed off, flooded the area, creating a lakeNow supplies water for irrigation and generates electricity used throughout Ghana
Lakes
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Rivers & River BasinsEscarpments and rivers break their paths making them hard to navigate from mouth to source
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“great river”; main river in West Africasource is in Guinea and drains into the Atlantic at coast of Nigeriaimportant to agriculturemajor means of transportationsplits into a vast inland delta (Niger Delta), stretching 150 miles long, 200 miles wide
Niger River
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Delta - triangular section of land formed by sand and silt carried downriver
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south, central Africaalso meets the ocean in a deltamany waterfalls along its courseVictoria Falls, most famous, very steep drop (2x that of Niagara Falls)
Zambezi River
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Congo Rivercentral Africameets the Atlantic Ocean through an estuary —a passage where freshwater from a river meets seawaterthe estuary is 6 mi. wide and navigable by boatsforms largest network of navigable waterways on the continentrapids, waterfalls and cataracts form major barriers to travel from the estuary upriver
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- mineral resources are abundantOil Reserves — Angola, Nigeria, Gabon, & CongoGold — South Africa supplies 50% of world’s gold; also Zimbabwe, DR of the Congo, Tanzania, GhanaUranium — found with goldDiamonds — South Africa, Botswana, Congo River basin, Angola, DR of the Congo, Sierra Leone
Natural Resources
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WaterAn abundant resource, but not fully developed because of the physical geography and financial restraints
Unused hydroelectric power potential
Undeveloped - especially along Congo River