chapter 2.0 (selecting topic and purpose) (1).pdf
TRANSCRIPT
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CHAPTER 2.0 :
SELECTING A TOPIC AND
PURPOSE
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Topic- The subject of a speech.
Choose a topic:- Topics you know a lot about.
- Topics you want to know about.
CHOOSING A TOPIC
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BrainstormingA method of generating ideas for speech topics
by free association
of words and ideas.
Brainstorming for Topics
Brainstorming procedures:
Personal Inventory
Clustering
Reference Search
Internet search
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General Purpose
The broad goal of a speech.
Determining General Purpose
Two broad categories of purpose: To inform
To persuade
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Specific Purpose Statement
A single infinitive phrase that states
precisely what a speaker hopes to
accomplish in his or her speech.
Ex: “to inform my audience about ….”
“to persuade my audience to ….”
Determining the Specific Purpose
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Guidelines for the Specific Purpose Statement
Write the purpose statement as a full
infinitive phrase, not as a fragment.
Express purpose as a statement, not as a
question
Avoid figurative language in purpose
statement
Limit purpose statement to one distinct idea
Avoid being too vague or general
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Write the Specific Purpose as a Full Infinitive Phrase
Ineffective: Calendars
More Effective: To inform my audience about
the four major kinds of
calendars used in the world
today.
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Express the Specific Purposeas a Statement, Not as a Question
Ineffective: Is the U.S. space program
necessary?
More Effective: To persuade my audience
that the U.S. space program
provides many important
benefits to people here on
earth.
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Avoid Figurative Language in the Specific Purpose Statement
Ineffective: To inform my audience that
yoga is extremely cool.
More effective: To inform my audience how
yoga can improve their
health.
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Limit the Specific Purpose to One Distinct Idea
Ineffective: To persuade my audience
to become literacy tutors
and to donate time to the
Special Olympics.
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More effective: To persuade my audience to
become literacy tutors.
More effective: To persuade my audience
to donate time to the
Special Olympics.
OR
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Be Sure the Specific PurposeIs Not Too Vague or General
Ineffective: To inform my audience about
the Civil War.
More Effective: To inform my audience about
the role of African-American
soldiers in the Civil War.
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Questions to Ask About Your Specific Purpose
Does my purpose meet the
assignment?
Can I accomplish my purpose in
the time allotted?
Is the purpose relevant to my
audience?
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Questions to Ask about Your Specific Purpose
Does my purpose meet the assignment?
Can I accomplish my purpose in the time
allotted?
Is the purpose relevant to my audience?
Is the purpose too trivial for my
audience?
Is the purpose too technical for my
audience?
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Central IdeaA one-sentence statement that sums up or encapsulates
the major ideas
of a speech.
What is the Central Idea
Residual MessageWhat a speaker wants the audience to remember after
it has forgotten everything else in a speech.
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Guidelines for the Central Idea
Express as a full sentence
Do not express as a question
Avoid figurative language
Do not be vague or overly general
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Make Sure the Central Idea is Not Too General
Ineffective: Paying college athletes a
salary is a good idea.
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More Effective: Because college athletes in
revenue-producing sports
such as football and
basketball generate millions
of dollars in revenue for
their schools, the NCAA
should allow such athletes
to receive a $250 monthly
salary as part of their
scholarships.
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State the Central Idea as a Complete Sentence
Ineffective: Uses of the laser.
More Effective: The laser is a highly
versatile device with
important uses in
medicine, industry, art,
and communications.
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State the Central Idea as a Statement, Not as a Question
Ineffective: How does indoor soccer
differ from outdoor soccer?
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More Effective: Played on a smaller,
enclosed field that
resembles a hockey rink
with artificial turf, indoor
soccer involves faster
action, more scoring, and
different strategies than
outdoor soccer.
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Avoid Figurative Language in the Central Idea
Ineffective: Mexico’s Yucatan
peninsula is an awesome
place for a vacation.
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More Effective: Mexico’s Yucatan peninsula
has many attractions for
vacationers, including a warm
climate, excellent food, and
extensive Mayan ruins.
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General Purpose: To inform
Specific Purpose: To inform my audience
of the three major races
in alpine skiing.
Central Idea: The three major
races in alpine skiing
are the downhill, the
slalom, and the giant
slalom.
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Main Points: I. The first major race in alpine skiing is the downhill.
II. The second major race in alpine skiing is the slalom.
III. The third major race in alpine skiing is the giant slalom.
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END OF CHAPTER 2.0