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Chapter 20 Meninges and blood vessels of the brain and spinal cord, and the cerebrospinal fluid

Nervous system

•The menings of brain and spinal cord•The blood vessels of brain and spinal •cord•The cerebrospinal fluid and its •circulation•Blood brain barrieer

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The meninges of brain and spinal cord

the meninges of spinal cord

spinal dura mater epidural space subdural space

spinal arachnoid mater subarachnoid space terminal cistern

spinal pia mater denticulate ligament

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cerebullar meninges

From outside to inside:

cerebral dura mater

cerebral arachnoid mater

cerebral pia mater

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cerebral dura mater

cerebral falxtentorium of cerebellumcerebellar falxdiaphragma sellae

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Dural sinuses superior sagittal sinus inferior sagittal sinus straight sinus transverse sinus sigmoid sinus

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•The structures which go through the lateral wall of cavernous sinus ： from upper to down oculomotor nerve ⑶ trochlear nerve ⑷ trigeminal ophthalmic nerve branch （ V1 ） ⑸ superior maxillary nerve branch （ V2 ） ⑹

•The structures which go through the interior wall of cavernous sinus ： internal carotid artery ⑴ abducent nerve ⑵

⑷⑶⑴visual tract

⑸⑹⑵⑴

cavernous sinus

hypophysis

cavernous sinus superior petrosal sinus inferior petrosal sinus

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the afflux of blood in sinuses of dura mater ：

cavernous superior petrosal sinus sinus

inferior sagittal straight confluens transverse sigmoid internal sinus sinus sinus sinus sinus jugular vein

superior sagittal

sinus

inferior petrosal sinus

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subarachnoid space subarachnoidal cistern interpeduncular cistern cerebellomedullary cistern superior cistern of quadrigeminal bodies chiasmatic cistern cisterna pontisarachnoid granulations

cerebral pia mater

The cerebral pia mater and its blood vessels as well as ependymal epithelium of this region constitute chorioid tela commonly. The choroid plexus is the main structure of producing cerebrospinal fluid.

cerebral arachnoid mater

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The blood vessels of brain and spinal cord

cerebullar blood vessels cerebullar artery internal carotid artery anterior cerebral artery and anterior communicating artery middle cerebral artery anterior choroidal artery posterior communicating artery

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vertebral artery basilar artery The principal branches of vertebr

al artery are: anterior spinal artery ， posterior spinal artery posterior inferior cerebellar artery

the principal branches of basilar a

rtery anterior inferior cerebellar artery auditory artery （ Internal auditory artery ） pontine arteries superior cerebellar artery posterior cerebral artery

arterial circle of Willis（Willis circle）

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cerebullar vein

Don’t go with artery, and infuse to sinuses of dura mater via many pathways, finally return via internal jugular vein.

Superficial group

superior cerebral vein（ above lateral sulcus ）inferior cerebral vein（ below lateral sulcus ）Middle cerebral vein

superficial middle cerebral veins deep middle cerebral vein

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Deep group

internal cerebral veins

great cerebral vein （ Galen vein ）

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myelonic blood vessel

myelonic artery

posterior spinal artery

anterior spinal artery

vasocorona

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myelonic vein

is more and thicker than artery. The anterior vein and posterior vein are c

onfluenced by the veinlet of spinal cord ， and influxed internal vertebral vein

plexus of epidural space by vena radix anterior and posterior radical vein.

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cerebrospinal fluid and its circulatin

The cerebrospinal fluid play a role of buffering shock, protection, transporting metabolic product and regulating intracranial pressure.

The cerebrospinal fluid is produced by choroid plexus of every cerebral ventricle, which is colorless and transparent fluid and filled with ventricular system 、 central canal of spinal cord and subarachnoid space.

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choroid plexus of lateral ventricle produce cerebrospinal fluidinterventricular foramen

third ventricle of cerebrum （ choroid plexus produce cerebrospinal fluid) aqueduct of midbrain

fourth ventricle of cerebrum （ choroid plexus produce cerebrospinal fluid ）lateral aperture 、 median apertur

esubarachnoid space

arachnoid granulations

superior sagittal sinus

The route of cerebrospinal fluid circulation

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blood-brain barrier

blood-brain barrier structural basement ： capillary endothelium basal lamina of blood capi

llary gelatinous membrane

blood-CSF barrier structural basement ： Zona occludens exist on the

interspaceal top of choroid plexus epithelial cell.

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the structural basement: ependymal epithelium 、cerebral pia mate and gelatinous membrane below meninx vasculosa

The blood-brain barrier can protect the brain and spinal cord from the influence of physical and chemical factor in or out of environment, thus to maintain relative steady state.

the structural basement of cerebrospinal fluid-blood-brain barrier