Chapter 20APUSH

Mrs. Price

“America has never been an empire. We may be the only great power in history

that had the chance, and refused – preferring greatness to power and justice to glory.” George W. Bush

Roots of Expansionism & Empire

• Nationalism

1. Social Darwinists

2. J. Fiske, J. Strong, J. Burgess

“The Hierarchy of Race”

• Economic Growth: desire for new markets & raw materials

US Foreign Investments

• Foreign Policy Elite: Prosperity & security of US depended on American influence overseas

1. Henry Cabot Lodge

2. T. Roosevelt

3. J. Blaine

4. Alfred Thayer Mahan: The Influence of the Sea Power on History

Hawaii

• Historically a way station & site of missionary work

• 1830s: 1st sugar plantations

• Americans damaged native population – diseases, religion, liquor, firearms

Hawaii Timeline

• 1875: Hawaiian sugar is duty-free in US

• 1887: US gained naval rights to Pearl Harbor

• 1890: McKinley Tariff removes exemption on Hawaiian sugar; planters begin to plot revolution

1893: Queen Liliuokalani is overthrown1898: Hawaii is annexed

U.S. View of Hawaiians Queen Liliuokalani

Cuba

• 1895: Cuban revolt against Spain

• Rebels use scorched-earth strategy

• Spanish General Weyler forced Cubans into concentration camps – thousands die of disease & malnutrition

Yellow Journalism

• New type of newspaper reporting

• Sensational news• Hearst vs. Pulitzer• Cuba is a way to sell

more papers• “You furnish the

pictures, I’ll furnish the war.” – Hearst to Frederick Remington

De Lôme Letter

• February 1898• Dupuy de Lôme,

Spanish Ambassador to US

• Criticized McKinley as weak

Remember the Maineand to Hell with Spain!Remember the Maineand to Hell with Spain!

Funeral for Maine victims in HavanaFuneral for Maine victims in Havana

Spanish American War• April – August

1898

• Many more died of disease than in battle

Dewey seizes the Philippines

Rough Riders

End of the War

• Armistice signed August 12

• Treaty of Paris (Dec 1898)

- US gets Puerto Rico & Guam

- US pays Spain $20 million for the Philippines

- Cuba is freed from Spanish rule

The Philippines

• Debate over annexation

• American Anti-Imperialist League (1899)

• Mark Twain, Andrew Carnegie, William Jennings Bryan

• Against acts of imperialism

The Philippine War (1898-1902)• Filipinos led by Emilio Aguinaldo• 4,300 US deaths & over 50,000 Filipinos• Brutal guerilla fighting

Governing the Empire

• Dilemma: Did US citizenship follow the flag?• Puerto Rico

- Foraker Act (1900): ended military rule & established colonial govt

- Insular Cases: (1901-03): Constitutional rights were not automatic to territories

- Jones Act (1917): became US territory & made Puerto Ricans US citizens

Cuba

• US forces stay until 1902

• Made improvements

• Platt Amendment (1901)

1. Cuba could not enter into any alliances that could endanger its independence

2. US can intervene in Cuban affairs

3. Cuba must lease Guantanamo Bay to US for naval & coaling stations

The Philippines

• US made improvements

• Independence on July 4, 1946

China

• European countries tried to carve up China

The Open Door Notes/PolicyThe Open Door Notes/Policy

Secretary John Hay.

Give all nations equalaccess to trade in China.

Guaranteed that China would NOT be taken over by any one foreign power.

Boxer Rebellion

• Boxers: Secret Chinese martial-arts society• Revolt against foreigners in China (1900)