chapter-2 theory & history of management chapter outline precursors to management theory the...
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Chapter-2Theory & History of Management
Chapter outline
• Precursors to Management Theory
• The Classical Management Perspective
• The Behavioral Management Perspective
• The Quantitative Management Perspective
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The Classical Management Perspective
• Scientific Management: Concerned with improving the performance of individual workers. Noted pioneers of scientific management were Frederick Taylor, Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, Henry Gantt, and Harrington Emerson.
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Steps in Scientific Management
Scientifically select employeesAnd then train them to do the Job as step-1
Supervise employees to make Sure they follow the prescribedMethods for performing their jobs
Continue to plan the workBut use workers to get the Work done
Develop a science for eachelement of the job to replaceold rule-of-thumb methods
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Administrative Management
Focuses on managing the total organization to make it more efficient and effective. Prominent administrative management theorists were Henri Fayol, Lindall Urwick, Max Weber and Chester Barnerd.
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The Behavioral Management Perspective
Emphasizes individual attitudes and behaviors & group processes and recognizes the importance of behavioral processes in the workplace. Prominent contributors are Elton Mayo, Abraham Maslow, Douglas McGragor.
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The Hawthorne Studies
Elton Mayo, Western Electric’s Hawthorne Plant (1927-1932). Series of Early experiments that focused on behavior in the workplace.
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The Human Relations Movement
Proposed that workers respond primarily to the social context of the workplace, including social conditioning, group norms and interpersonal dynamics.
• Theory X
• Theory Y