chapter 2 the nature of science exit chapter 2.1...
TRANSCRIPT
EXIT CHAPTER
222CHAPTER
2.1 The Scientist’s Mind
2.2 Scientific Methods of Inquiry
2.3 Scientists’ Tools
CHAPTER OUTLINECHAPTER OUTLINE
The Nature of Science
CHAPTER HOMEThe Nature of Science
Scientists come from many different backgrounds,
but in their work they use many common tools,
techniques, and habits of mind.
222CHAPTER
SECTION OUTLINESECTION OUTLINE
VOCABULARY2.1 The Scientist’s Mind
evidence
hypothesis
technology
Enriqueta Barrera, GeologistEvan B. Forde, Oceanographer
CHAPTER HOMEThe Nature of Science
The qualities of scientific thinking include asking
questions, seeking evidence, forming hypotheses,
testing hypotheses, being skeptical, and working
cooperatively.
222CHAPTER
VOCABULARY2.1 The Scientist’s Mind
Technology plays an important role in applying
scientific discoveries to everyday life.
Scientists come from many different backgrounds,
but in their work they use many common tools,
techniques, and habits of mind.
evidence
hypothesis
technology
SECTION OUTLINESECTION OUTLINE
The Nature of Science222CHAPTER
The material or data from which conclusionscan be drawn and by which proof can beestablished.
VOCABULARY
CHAPTER HOME
evidence
evidence
hypothesis
technology
SECTION OUTLINESECTION OUTLINE
The Nature of Science222CHAPTER
A tentative explanation for an observation orphenomenon, developed from availableinformation and used as a basis for testing.
VOCABULARY
CHAPTER HOME
hypothesis
evidence
hypothesis
technology
SECTION OUTLINESECTION OUTLINE
The Nature of Science222CHAPTER
The application of scientific discoveries tomeet human objectives.
VOCABULARY
CHAPTER HOME
technology
evidence
hypothesis
technology
SECTION OUTLINESECTION OUTLINE
CHAPTER HOMEThe Nature of Science
Doing science is a complex process that does not
proceed neatly from one revelation to the next.
222CHAPTER
SECTION OUTLINESECTION OUTLINE
VOCABULARY2.2 Scientific Methods of Inquiry
When scientists investigate questions, they state the
question, gather evidence, form a hypothesis, and
test the hypothesis.
Scientists publish their results in scientific journals,
which provides the opportunity for their peers to
review their work. Testing ideas is vital to science.
scientific inquiry
peer review
theory
law
Information gathered through scientific inquiry
contribute to scientific theories and laws.
CHAPTER HOMEThe Nature of Science222CHAPTER
VOCABULARY2.2 Scientific Methods of Inquiry
A theory is an explanation for observable events for
which no exceptions have been noted.
Developing a Theory
Fission This hypothesis proposedthat the moon had once been partof Earth. Earth was spinning sofast that a large piece tore awayand flew off into space.
Fission was disproved.
Impact This hypothesis proposed thatduring Earth’s formation, a planet-sizedobject struck it. The impact destroyed theother planet and released debris, whicheventually coalesced into the moon.
This theory is currently accepted.
scientific inquiry
peer review
theory
law
SECTION OUTLINESECTION OUTLINE
CHAPTER HOMEThe Nature of Science222CHAPTER
VOCABULARY2.2 Scientific Methods of Inquiry
A theory is an explanation for observable events for
which no exceptions have been noted.
Scientific laws are generalizations about the natural
world and how it behaves.
scientific inquiry
peer review
theory
law
SECTION OUTLINESECTION OUTLINE
The Nature of Science222CHAPTER
Investigation of a natural phenomenon byobserving, asking questions, forming ahypothesis, gathering data, testing thehypothesis, and sharing what has beenlearned.
VOCABULARY
CHAPTER HOME
scientific inquiry
scientific inquiry
peer review
theory
law
SECTION OUTLINESECTION OUTLINE
The Nature of Science222CHAPTER
The process by which one’s work or researchis reviewed by experts in the field to evaluatethe validity of the work.
VOCABULARY
CHAPTER HOME
peer review
scientific inquiry
peer review
theory
law
SECTION OUTLINESECTION OUTLINE
The Nature of Science222CHAPTER
An explanation or model based onobservation, reasoning, and experimentation,especially one that has been tested andconfirmed as a general explanation forphenomena that has been observed.
VOCABULARY
CHAPTER HOME
theory
scientific inquiry
peer review
theory
law
SECTION OUTLINESECTION OUTLINE
The Nature of Science222CHAPTER
A generalized statement about how the naturalworld behaves under certain conditions and forwhich no exceptions have ever been found.
VOCABULARY
CHAPTER HOME
law
scientific inquiry
peer review
theory
law
SECTION OUTLINESECTION OUTLINE
CHAPTER HOMEThe Nature of Science
Scientists use a variety of tools, both simple and
complex, as they study the earth,
222CHAPTER
SECTION OUTLINESECTION OUTLINE
2.3 Scientists’ Tools
ocean,
Some tools, for example the telescope, were not
originally intended for scientific study, yet they are
now used widely in Earth science research.
sky and
stars.
The Nature of Science222CHAPTER
A. Three Scientist’s, Three Individuals
B. Different Lives, Common Goals
C. Qualities of Scientific Thinking
KEY IDEA SUMMARYKEY IDEA SUMMARY
VOCABULARY
CHAPTER HOME
I. The Scientist’s Mindevidence
hypothesis
technology
The Nature of Science222CHAPTER
A. How Scientists Approach Questions
1. Applying the Approach
B. Peer Review and Scientific Journals
C. The Importance of Testing Ideas
VOCABULARY
CHAPTER HOME
II. Scientific Methods of Inquiry
D. Scientific Theories and Laws
KEY IDEA SUMMARYKEY IDEA SUMMARY
scientific inquiry
peer review
theory
law
The Nature of Science222CHAPTER
A. Tools to Study the Earth and Ocean
B. Tools to Study the Sky and Stars
C. Tools with Many Uses
CHAPTER HOME
III. The Scientist’s Tools
KEY IDEA SUMMARYKEY IDEA SUMMARY