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Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web

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Page 1: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

Chapter 2

The Internet and World Wide Web

Page 2: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

The Internet

What are some services found on the Internet?

p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1

4. Chat

(4)

(1)

1. E-mail

(2)

2. Web

(3)

3. File transfer

(5)

5. Message board

(6)

6. Instant messaging (AIM, MSN, Yahoo, ICQ)

Page 3: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

History of the Internet

How did the Internet originate?

p. 2.02

ARPANET: Networking project by Pentagon’s Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)

---To allow scientists at different locations to share information

---can function even if part of network were destroyed by a disaster

ARPANET became functional in September 1969. Four main computers: UCLA, UCSB,Stanford,UU

Page 4: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

History of the Internet

How has the Internet grown?

p. 2.03

TodayMore than 150 million host nodes

1984More than 1,000 host nodes

1969Four host nodes

Page 5: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

History of the Internet

Who controls the Internet?

p. 2.04

World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

Oversees research, sets standards and guidelines

Internet2 (I2) Internet-related research

and development project

Develops and tests advanced Internet technologies

No onec—cit is a public, cooperative, andindependent network

Several organizations set standards

Page 6: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

How can you connect to the Internet?

1. Dial-up accessmodem in your computer uses a standard telephone line

to connect to the Internet.

2. Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)

replaced by

3. Digital subscriber line (DSL)

provide connections using regular copper telephone lines.

4. Cable Modem

taking advantage of unused bandwidth on a cable television network.

Page 7: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

How can you connect to the Internet?

Dial-up DSL Cable TV

Speed 56 Kbps 128 Kbps to

1.544 Mbps

200Kbps~1.5Mbps or more

Price $6~$20/

month

$20~$50/

month

$20~$50/

month

Connection Establish connection each time you log on

always on—whenever the computer is running

Evaluation Slow but inexpensive

High speed but cost about twice

as much as dial-up

http://www.ispcomparison.net/

Page 8: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

How the Internet Works

What are the ways to access the Internet?

p. 2.06 Fig. 2-2

1. Internet Service Provider (ISP) Regional ISP: National ISP : AT&T and EarthLink provide: internet access (dial-up,DSL, cable)

2. Online Service Provider (OSP) like AOL and MSN provide: internet access and many members-only

features

3. Wireless Internet Service Provider (WISP) like AT&T wireless and Vorizon wireless provide: internet access

Page 9: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

How the Internet Works

How might data travel the Internet using atelephone line connection?

p. 2.07 Fig. 2-3

Step 1. Request data from a server on Internet

Step 5. Regional ISP uses leased lines to send data to a national ISP

Step 6. National ISP routes data across the country

Step 8. Server sends data back to you

Step 2. Modem converts digital signals to analog signals

Step 3. Data travels through telephone lines to a local ISP

Step 4. Data passes through routers

Step 7. National ISP passes data to local ISP

Page 10: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

What Is the World Wide Web?

The internet is a network of computer networks worldwide

The web is a tool used to retrieve information published on the internet

To navigate the web we use a browser such as Netscape or internet explorer(IE)

Page 11: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

Internet Software: The Client-server Partnership

Two pieces of software that work together

Client: software application on user’s computer

Client retrieves, displays information for user

Server: stores and sends information to clients as requested

Page 12: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

The World Wide Web

What is a Web browser?

p. 2.09

MicrosoftInternetExplorer Netscape

Mozilla

Program that allows you to view Web pages

Firefox

Page 13: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

Internet Addresses

What is a URL (Uniform Resource Locator)?

p. 2.10 Fig. 2-8

Unique address for a Web page

A web server delivers the Web page to your computer

Page 14: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

The World Wide Web

What is downloading?

p. 2.10

The process of a computer receiving information Depending upon connection speed, downloading can

take from a few seconds to several minutes

Page 15: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

The World Wide Web

How can you establish a connection and start theWeb browser?

p. 2.09 Fig. 2-6

Step 2.If necessary, connect to the Internet

Step 3.Connection to the Internet occurs, and a home page displays

Step 1.Click the Web browser program name

Page 16: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

The World Wide Web

How do handheld computers and cellular telephones access the Web?

p. 2.10 Fig. 2-7

Must be Web-enabled

Use a microbrowser that displays Web pages that contain mostly text

Page 17: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

How the Internet Works

What is a domain name?

p. 2.08 Figs. 2-4 – 2-5

Text version of Internet protocol (IP) address Number that uniquely identifies

each computer or device connected to Internet

Domain name:www.google.com

IP: 64.233.161.99

Page 18: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

Keeping the Web Straight: Document Addresses

Address format: Eg., Http://www.cs.gsu.edu/~xfu1/1010.html

Address must be exact, i.e. Upper and lower case letters make a difference

.Edu, .Com, .Org, .Gov, ~

HTTP: hypertext transfer protocol Document type for all web documents

HTML: hypertext markup language Language for creating web documents

Page 19: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

How to Check your IP address

p. 2.08 Figs. 2-4 – 2-5

Check your own IP address• Start ---all programs ---Accessories—Command Prompt

• Type “ ipconfig /all”.

Check what is the IP address• Start ---all programs ---Accessories—Command Prompt• Type “ping www.google.com”

Page 20: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

Hypertext Links

Highlighted words or text in a WWW document

Moves you to a place within same document, or to a web page elsewhere

Previous page

www.student.gsu.edu/~xfu1/1010.html

Page 21: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

What Is a Web Site?

http://www.library.utoronto.ca

an electronic document stored on a web server

uses HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)

may include text, sound, animation, images

usually has links to other Web pages or different parts of the same Web site

Page 22: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

What Is a Home Page?

The first web page you see when you access a web site

Usually provides means of moving to other areas at that web site (directory, table of contents)

Page 23: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

Who Provides Internet Information?

Non-profit: governments, universities, libraries, non-profit groups

Commercial information providers

Self-publishers (personal home pages)

Only a fraction of what is available is on the web

Page 24: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

Using the World Wide Web

• Allows you to browse a wide variety of internet sources

• Instantaneous connections to internet sites world wide

Advantages Disadvantages• Connections can be slow or busy• No standard methods of

organization• Out-of -date materials may not be

removed• Contents can be (maliciously) altered• Sites can simply be moved/removed

Page 25: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

What Affects the Speed of Transmission?

Phone lines are “slower” than ethernet wiresSpeed of modem: speed of data transmission (BPS)Modems transmit at 28,800, 33,600 and 56k baud

Traffic on the internet The power of your PC The data being transmitted

Page 26: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

Error Messages Do Happen

An error message can appear in a window on your screen,

becauseThe URL may be incorrectThe site may have “moved”The communication lines may be busy

SO retype the URL or try again later

Page 27: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

IE Menu Bar

FILE: for working with files (similar to word processing)

EDIT: for editing page content and setting preferences

VIEW: for options on viewing page content

Favorites: Save your favorite websites

Tools: configuration your IE

HELP:

Page 28: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

IE Toolbar = Quick Navigation

Back and Forward - for short jaunts

Refresh - get current page again

Home - go back to the first screen that appears after logging on

Search - access to internet search engines

History-the web sites visited before

back forwardrefresh home history

Tool bar customize:1. Let the mouse point to

toolbar 2. click right button of

mouse3. Click “customize..”

Page 29: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

Assignment 1

Satisfying the requirement Concise and clear description and explanation

Page 30: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

A Brief Word on Searching

There are four main ways to find information on the internet:

Using an address (URL)

Net surfing (jumping from link to link)

Using subject directories like yahoo

Using search engines like Google

Page 31: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

Try Searching

Search engines:

1. Open http://www.google.com2. Click “Advanced Search ”3. Input “computer”,

-- Any Web site name that is listed as the result of a search

What is a hit?

Page 32: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

The World Wide Web

What is a search engine? Program used to find

Web sites and Web pages by entering words or phrases called search text Also called a keyword

Page 33: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

The World Wide Web

What is a subject directory? Search tool with organized set of topics and subtopics Lets you find information by clicking links rather than

entering keywords

Page 34: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

The World Wide Web

What are the eight basic types of Web sites?

Portal News Informational Business/marketing Educational Entertainment Advocacy Personal

Page 35: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

The World Wide Web

What is a portal?

A Web site that offers a variety of services from one, convenient location, usually for free

Searching, sports, e-mail, news, weather, auctions,

Page 36: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

Example:

1. open “maps.yahoo.com”

2. Click “Driving Directions”

3. In A,

Input “34 peachtree street”

Input “atlanta,30303”

4. In B,

Input your home address

Page 37: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

The World Wide Web

What is a news Web site? Contains newsworthy material Stories and articles relating to current events, life,

money, sports, and weather

Page 38: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

The World Wide Web

What is an informational Web site? Contains factual information Created by organizations and government agencies

Page 39: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

The World Wide Web

What is a business/marketing Web site? Contains content that promotes products Allows you to purchase products or services online

Page 40: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

The World Wide Web

What is an educational Web site?

Some companies offer online training for employees

Some colleges offer online classes and degrees

Offers avenues for formal and informal teachingand learning

Page 41: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

The World Wide Web

What is an entertainment Web site? Offers an interactive environment featuring music,

video, sports, games, and more

Page 42: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

The World Wide Web

What is an advocacy Web site? Contains content that describes a cause, opinion,

or idea

Page 43: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

The World Wide Web

What is a personal Web site? Web page maintained by private individual Reasons: sharing life experience with the world

or job hunting

Page 44: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

The World Wide Web

What is multimedia? Application integrating text with other media elements

Graphics Animation Audio Video Virtual reality

Page 45: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

The World Wide Web

What graphics formats are used on the Web?

BMPBMP

GIF(pronounced JIFF)

GIF(pronounced JIFF)

JPEG or JPG(pronounced JAY-peg)

JPEG or JPG(pronounced JAY-peg)

PCXPCX

PNG(pronounced ping)

PNG(pronounced ping)

TIFFTIFF

Page 46: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

The World Wide Web

What is a thumbnail? Small version of a larger

graphic imagec—used to improve Web page display time Usually click

on thumbnail to display larger image

Page 47: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

The World Wide Web

What is audio? Music, speech, or any other sound

Individual compressed sound files that you download from the Web to your computer

Common Web audio file formats are MP3, WAV, WMA (Windows Media Audio), MPEG, RealAudio, and QuickTime

Once downloaded, you can play (listen to) the contents of the files

Page 48: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

The World Wide Web

What is streaming audio?

Transfers data in a continuous and even flow

Enables you to listen to the sound as it downloads to your computer

Radio stations use streaming audio to broadcast over the Web

Page 49: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

The World Wide Web

What is video? Consists of full-motion images with sound

played back at various speeds MPEG (Moving Pictures Experts Group)

is popular video compressionstandard

Page 50: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

The World Wide Web

What is virtual reality (VR)? Use of computers to simulate real or imagined

environment Appears as a three dimensional (3-D) space

Used for games and many practical applications

Page 51: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

The World Wide Web

What are plug-ins? Programs that

extend the capability of a browser

You can download many plug-ins at nocost from variousWeb sites

Plug-in Application Web Address

Acrobat Reader www.adobe.com

Flash Player macromedia.com

Liquid Player liquidaudio.com

QuickTime apple.com

RealOne Player real.com

Shockwave Player macromedia.com

Windows Media Player microsoft.com

Page 52: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

Business to business (B2B)Business providing goods and

services to other businesses

Consumer to consumer (C2C)One consumer sells directly to another

Electronic Commerce

What is e-commerce?

Business to consumer (B2C)Sale of goods to general public

Short for electronic commerce Business transaction that occurs over

the Internet

Page 53: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

Other Internet Services

What is e-mail? Short for electronic mail The transmission of messages and files via a computer

network Messages can consist of simple text or can contain attachments,

such as documents, graphics, or audio/video clips Internet access providers usually provide an e-mail program Some Web sites—such as MSN Hotmail and Yahoo!—provide

free e-mail services One of the original services on the Internet

Page 54: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

Other Internet Services

How do you send an e-mail message?

Step 1.Start an e-mail program (Microsoft Outlook, for example)

Step 2.Click the New Mail Message button

Step 3.Enter the recipient’s e-mail address, the subject, and the message

Step 4.Click the Insert file button if you want to attach a picture, for example, and click Send

Step 5.The recipient opens the message

Page 55: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

Other Internet Services

How does an e-mail message travel?Step 1.Using e-mail software, you create and send message

Step 2.Your software contacts software on your ISP’s outgoing mail server

Step 4.When recipient uses e-mail software to check for e-mail messages, the message transfers from incoming mail server to recipient’s computer

Step 3.Software on outgoing mail server determines best route for data and sends message, which travels along Internet routers to recipient’s incoming mail server

Page 56: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

Other Internet Services

What is a mailing list? Group of e-mail addresses

given a single name

When a message is sent to the mailing list, everyone on the list receives the message

To add your name to a mailing list you must subscribe to it; to remove your name you must unsubscribe

Page 57: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

Other Internet Services

What is FTP? File Transfer Protocol—Internet standard that allows

you to upload and download files with other computers on the Internet

Page 58: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

Netiquette

What is netiquette?

Golden Rule: Treat others as you would like them to treat you.

Code of acceptable behaviors users should follow while on the Internet

Page 59: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

Web Publishing

What is Web publishing?

Step 1.Plan the Web site

Step 2.Analyze and design the Web site

Step 3.Create the Web site

Step 4.Deploy the Web site

Step 5.Maintain the Web site

Development and maintenance of Web pages

Page 60: Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? p. 2.02 Fig. 2-1 4. Chat (4) (1) 1. E-mail (2) 2

Summary of the Internet and World Wide Web

History of the InternetHistory of the Internet

How to access and connect to the Internet

How to access and connect to the Internet

The World Wide WebThe World Wide Web

Electronic commerceElectronic commerce

Other Internet servicesOther Internet services

NetiquetteNetiquette

Web publishingWeb publishing

Chapter 2 Complete